CCNA培训教程5-管理网络环境CICND10S05Appt课件

1、第五章管理网络环境本章目的经过本章的学习，您应该掌握以下内容:获取直接相邻设备的信息获取远程设备的信息创建一个简单的网络框图并验证该网络清楚配置文件和IOS映象文件被加载的位置CDP协议Cisco Discovery Protocol是一个提供关于直接相连的交换机、路由器和其它Cisco设备的综合信息的专有工具 CDP 可以发现直接相邻的设备而不论这些设备所运转的是什么协议栈 物理介质必需可以支持Subnetwork Access Protocol (SNAP)上层地址Cisco专有的链路层协议介质必需可以支持 SNAPTCP/IPNovell IPXCDP能 发现并显示关于直接相连的Cisc

2、o设备的信息ATMOthersLANs帧中继AppleTalkOthersCDP运转在运用10.3或更新版Cisco IOS的路由器以及Cisco 交换机和集线器上能获取的信息包括:设备名对应各协议的地址端口名角色特征平台 CDPshow cdpCDPCDP用CDP发现直接相邻的设备运用 CDP交换机B路由器A路由器B交换机AS0S1RouterA#sh cdp ? entry Information for specific neighbor entry interface CDP interface status and configuration neighbors CDP neighb

3、or entries traffic CDP statistics RouterA(config)#no cdp run RouterA(config)#interface serial0 RouterA(config-if)#no cdp enable 交换机A同时也显示其Mac地址运用show cdp neighbor 命令RouterA#sh cdp neighborsCapability Codes: R - Router, T - Trans Bridge, B - Source Route Bridge S - Switch, H - Host, I - IGMP, r - Rep

4、eaterDevice ID Local Intrfce Holdtme Capability Platform Port IDRouterB Ser 0 148 R 2522 Ser 1SwitchA0050BD855780 Eth 0 167 T S 1900 2 S0S1交换机B路由器A路由器B交换机A运用show cdp entry 命令RouterA#sh cdp entry *-Device ID: RouterB Entry address(es): IP address: Platform: cisco 2522, Capabilities: Router Interface:

5、 Serial0, Port ID (outgoing port): Serial1Holdtime : 168 secVersion :Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software IOS (tm) 2500 Software (C2500-JS-L), Version 12.0(3), RELEASE SOFTWARE (fci)Copyright (c) 1986-1999 by cisco Systems, Inc.Compiled Mon 08-Feb-99 18:18 by phanguyeS0S1交换机B路由器A路由器B交换机A其它CD

6、P命令RouterA#sh cdp trafficCDP counters :Packets output: 56, Input: 38Hdr syntax: 0, Chksum error: 0, Encaps failed: 3No memory: 0, Invalid packet: 0, Fragmented: 0RouterA#sh cdp interface BRI0 is administratively down, line protocol is down Encapsulation HDLC Sending CDP packets every 60 seconds Hold

7、time is 180 secondsS0S1交换机B路由器A路由器B交换机A用Telnet 衔接到远端设备远端设备S0S1RouterA#telnet Trying . Open-Catalyst 1900 Management ConsoleCopyright (c) Cisco Systems, Inc. 1993-1998All rights reserved.Enterprise Edition SoftwareEthernet Address: 00-90-86-73-33-40PCA Number: 73-2239-06PCA Serial Number: FAA02359H8K

8、Model Number: WS-C1924-ENSystem Serial Number: FAA0237X0FQ.SwitchB交换机B路由器A路由器B交换机A查看Telnet衔接S0S1RouterA#sh sessionConn Host Address Byte Idle Conn Name 1 0 1 * 2 0 0 RouterA#sh user Line User Host(s) Idle Location* 0 con 0 3 2 11 vty 0 idle 1 交换机B路由器A路由器B交换机A挂起一个Telnet会话S0S1RouterB#xRouterA#sh sessi

9、onConn Host Address Byte Idle Conn Name 1 0 1 RouterA#resume 1RouterB#交换机B路由器A路由器B交换机ARouterA#disconnect Closing connection to confirmRouterA#clear line 11confirm OK封锁一个Telnet会话封锁由远端设备建立的会话封锁由本人建立的当前会话S0S1交换机B路由器A路由器B交换机A运用ping 和trace 命令测试对远端设备的衔接性和途径Router#ping 0 Type escape sequence to abort.Sendi

10、ng 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 0, timeout is 2 seconds:!Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 4/4/4 msRouter#trace 0 Type escape sequence to abort.Tracing the route to 0 1 0 4 msec 4 msec 4 msecRouter#路由器加电/启动顺序加电自检 (POST)加载并运转启动引导微代码寻觅IOS映象文件加载IOS映象文件寻觅配置文件加载配置文件正常运转路由器内部组件RAM配置

11、存放器ROMFlashNVRAM端口ROM 功能ROM存放完成根本功能的微代码BootstrapMini IOSROMmonitorPOSTshow version控制台寻觅IOS映象文件Flashshowversionshow startup-configIOS搜索顺序:1. 检查配置存放器 2. 解析NVRAM中的配置文件3. 缺省是运用Flash中的第一个文件4. 尝试从网络启动5. RXBOOT6. ROMMON控制台配置存放器NVRAM路由器启动流程图Use IOS fromFlashAttempt to getIOS from networkUse IOS in ROM(RXBoo

12、t mode)Check start-upconfigBoot field =00 x0Boot field =10 x1Boot systemcommands?Config regbit 13=1? 5 failures?Valid IOS inFlash?Do whatthey sayRunROM MonitorSTARTYesYesNoNoYesNoNoYesYesNoNoYesSuccess?NoYesUse file fromNetworkLoad IOSValid config?Config regbit 6=1?YesNoYes SETUPDIALOG NORMAL START

13、UPCOMPLETENo确认当前的配置存放器值wg_ro_a#show versionCisco Internetwork Operating System Software IOS (tm) 2500 Software (C2500-JS-L), Version 12.0(3), RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)Copyright (c) 1986-1999 by cisco Systems, Inc.Compiled Mon 08-Feb-99 18:18 by phanguyeImage text-base: 0 x03050C84, data-base: 0 x000010

14、00ROM: System Bootstrap, Version 11.0(10c), SOFTWAREBOOTFLASH: 3000 Bootstrap Software (IGS-BOOT-R), Version 11.0(10c), RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)wg_ro_a uptime is 20 minutesSystem restarted by reloadSystem image file is flash:c2500-js-l_120-3.bin-More-Configuration register is 0 x2102用命令show version所显示

15、的配置存放器值设定配置存放器的值配置存放器的3, 2, 1和0位是启动选项位Router#configure terminalRouter(config)#config-register 0 x2102Ctrl-ZRouter#reload设定配置存放器的值配置存放器的3, 2, 1和0位是启动选项位配置存放器启动选项部分的值0 x0含义进入ROM monitor方式(人工启动时用 b 命令)Router#configure terminalRouter(config)#config-register 0 x2102Ctrl-ZRouter#reload设定配置存放器的值配置存放器的3, 2,

16、 1和0位是启动选项位配置存放器启动选项部分的值0 x00 x1含义进入ROM monitor方式(人工启动时用 b 命令)自动从ROM启动(提供完好IOS的一个子集)Router#configure terminalRouter(config)#config-register 0 x2102Ctrl-ZRouter#reload配置存放器的3, 2, 1和0位是启动选项位用命令show version来检查配置存放器的值设定配置存放器的值配置存放器启动选项部分的值0 x00 x2 to 0 xF0 x1含义进入ROM monitor方式(人工启动时用 b 命令)检查NVRAM之 boot s

17、ystem 命令(假设路由器配有Flash那么缺省值为 0 x2)自动从ROM启动(提供完好IOS的一个子集)Router#configure terminalRouter(config)#config-register 0 x2102Ctrl-ZRouter#reload从Flash加载IOS映象文件FlashIOSIOSshow flashFlash中的映象文件解紧缩到RAM中控制台RAM运用 show flash 命令wg_ro_a#sh flash System flash directory:File Length Name/status 1 10084696 c2500-js-l_

18、120-3.bin 10084760 bytes used, 6692456 available, 16777216 total16384K bytes of processor board System flash (Read ONLY) 加载配置文件控制台IOSSetup utilityshowstartup-configshowrunning-config从NVRAM中加载并运转配置文件假设NVRAM中没有配置文件, 进入setup方式ConfigConfigRAMNVRAM运用 show running 和 show startup 命令wg_ro_c#show startup-con

19、figUsing 9 out of 32762 bytes!version 12.0!- More -wg_ro_c#show running-configBuilding configuration.Current configuration:!version 12.0!- More -存在NVRAM中存在RAM中显示当前运转的和保管的配置情况配置参数的来源ConfigConfigRAMNVRAMNVRAMcopy running startupcopy startup running (合并)配置参数的来源ConfigConfigRAMNVRAMNVRAMTerminalcopy runn

20、ing startupcopy startup running (合并)config term(合并)ConfigConfigConsoleRAMNVRAMNVRAMTerminalTFTP 效力器copy running startupcopy startup running (合并)TFTP效力器copy start tftpcopy tftp startcopy run tftpcopy tftp run (合并)config term(合并)配置参数的来源配置参数的来源ConfigConfigConsoleRAMNVRAMNVRAMTerminalTFTP server删除启动配置文件

21、copy running startupcopy startup running (合并)TFTP效力器Blank000000000000erasestartconfig term(合并)copy tftp run (合并)copy tftp startcopy start tftpcopy run tftp运用copy run tftp 和 copy tftp run 命令wg_ro_a#copy running-config tftp Address or name of remote host ? Destination filename running-config? wgroa.cf

22、g .!1684 bytes copied in 13.300 secs (129 bytes/sec) wg_ro_a#copy tftp running-config Address or name of remote host ? Source filename ? wgroa.cfg Destination filename running-config? Accessing tftp/wgroa.cfg. Loading wgroa.cfg from (via Ethernet0): !OK - 1684/3072 bytes1684 bytes copied in 17.692 s

23、ecs (99 bytes/sec)Cisco文件系统与设备RAMNVRAMTFTP效力器Flashflash:system:nvram:tftp:管理IOS映象文件网络效力器FLASH路由器c2500-js-l_120-3.bin网络效力器映象文件备份的预备确认可以访问到网络效力路由器网络效力器映象文件备份的预备确认可以访问到网络效力确认效力器上有足够的空间路由器网络效力器映象文件备份的预备确认可以访问到网络效力确认效力器上有足够的空间确认文件名路由器c2500-js-l_120-3.bin网络效力器映象文件备份的预备路由器c2500-js-l_120-3.bin网络效力器确认可以访问到网络

24、效力确认效力器上有足够的空间确认文件名需求时在效力器上创建文件wg_ro_a#show flashSystem flash directory:File Length Name/status 1 10084696 c2500-js-l_120-3.bin 10084760 bytes used, 6692456 available, 16777216 total16384K bytes of processor board System flash (Read ONLY)确认存贮空间并解析文件名确认Flash中有足够空间来存放IOS映象文件wg_ro_a#copy flash tftpSour

25、ce filename ? c2500-js-l_120-3.binAddress or name of remote host ? Destination filename c2500-js-l_120-3.bin? !10084696 bytes copied in 709.228 secs (14223 bytes/sec)wg_ro_a#作映象文件的备份在晋级IOS前备份当前的映象文件网络效力器FLASHcopy flash tftpwg_ro_a#copy tftp flashAddress or name of remote host ? Source filename ? c2500-js-l_120-3.binDestination filename c2500-js-l_120-3.bin? Accessing tftp/c2500-js-l_120-3.b