Appositive 同位语

1、Appositive 同位语同位语从句属于名词性从句，多由从属连词that引导，一般用来解释或说明这些名词的具体含义或内容，在逻辑上表现为同位关系.同位语从句与名词之间在逻辑上是主语+be+表语的关系。该名词是需要做特殊说明的名词Eg: The first and most common is having low iron reserves, a condition that typically has no symptoms. (L32) The first and most common is having low iron reserves. It is a condition tha

2、t typically has no symptoms.注：引导词that在同位语从句中是连词，起连接作用，无具体词义，不可省略; that在定语从句中是关系代词，它在从句中充当一定成分主语或宾语，有具体词意，作宾语时可以省略 Mr. Howe, my favorite professor, has received a Distinguished Teacher Award.Yesterday I went fishing. This is something I hadnt done in years.Yesterday I went fishing, something I hadnt

3、done in years.Some women are normally inactive but then all of a sudden start a program of intense exercise. This action breaks the laws of sports science.Some women are normally inactive but then all of a sudden start a program of intense exercise, an action that breaks the laws of sports scienceEv

4、en a brief visit to Greece gives you a deep sense of its culture. Greece is a modern country with ancient civilization.Even a brief visit to Greece, a modern country with ancient civilization, gives you a deep sense of its cultureIX. Mr. Howe is my favorite professor. He has received a Distinguished

5、 Teacher Award.1The ancient Chinese were a people of inventors, discoverers, philosophers, soldiers, poets, craftsmen. The ancient Chinese gave the world many of its most useful things.The ancient Chinese, a people of inventors, discoverers, philosophers, soldiers, poets, craftsmen, gave the world m

6、any of its most useful things.Absolute Structure 独立结构“独立主格结构”是由名词或代词作为逻辑主语，加上分词、形容词、副词、动词不定式或介词短语作为逻辑谓语构成。这种结构在形式上与主句没有关系.动作状态实行者为逻辑主语，该状态为逻辑谓语. 其作用相当于状语从句，用来表示时间、原因、条件、行为方式或伴随情况等X.1. His homework was done. His composition was written. Larry decided to go and see the film.His homework done, his comp

7、osition written, Larry decided to go and see the film.2. The manager sat quietly in the office. His eyes were closed. He waited for the telephone to ring. The manager sat quietly in the office, (his) eyes closed, waiting for the telephone to ring.3. The room was a mess. Empty bottles and beer cans w

8、ere everywhere. The room was a mess, empty bottles and beer cans (being) everywhere.4. When I walked in, Grandpa was sitting at the kitchen table. The newspaper was spread before him.When I walked in, Grandpa was sitting at the kitchen table, the newspaper spread before him.5.Diana stood motionless

9、at the end of the diving board. Tears streamed down her cheeks.Diana stood motionless at the end of the diving board, tears streaming down her cheeks.2XI.1. 被告是位年仅30岁的女子，她坚持称自己无罪。The defendant was a woman of only 30. She insisted on her own innocence.The defendant, a woman of only 30, insisted on he

10、r own innocence.2. 总体看来，枣、豆类以及一些多叶的绿色蔬菜是最好的铁质来源。All things are considered. Dates, beans and some leafy green vegetables are the best sources of iron.All things considered, dates, beans and some leafy green vegetables are the best sources of iron.3. 正餐时不供应饮料，饮料会影响消化。No beverages are served with meals

11、 because they interfere with digestion.4. 考虑到那个地区受欢迎的程度，提前订旅馆是明智的。Taking the popularity of the region into consideration, it is advisable to book hotels in advance.5.服药后若有呕吐感，请立即停止服用并尽快咨询医生。If you have a feeling of wanting to throw up after taking this drug, stop taking it immediately and consult yo

12、ur doctor as soon as possible.6.总结这次讨论时，他说双方都要好好考虑怎样以最有效的方法来解决这一问题Summing up the discussion, he said both parties should consider the most effective way to solve the problem.3XII.1. As a way to remedy iron deficiency, experts recommend meat, chicken and fish, the best sources of iron, and the only s

13、ources of the form of iron most readily absorbed by the body. 2. Iron reserves gone to zero, you feel weak, tired and out of breath, which is the typical symptom of the third stage of iron deficiency.作为补救缺铁的一种办法，专家推荐食用肉、鸡和鱼，它们是最好的铁质来源，也是唯一最容易被身体吸收的铁质来源。铁质储量为零时，你会觉得虚弱，疲乏无力，喘不过气，这是缺铁第三阶段的典型症状3. Endura

14、nce athletes, particularly females, who frequently have iron deficiency, may bounce back if they consume additional meat or take iron supplements.耐力运动员，尤其是女性，经常会缺铁，如果增食肉类食物或服用铁质补剂，能够恢复到健康状态。4. According to the sports medicine expert, it is advisable for those who suffer from fatigue and poor performance to eat red meat, which contains the most easily absorbed form of iron.这位运动医学专家认为，感到劳累、工作效率差的人，最好食用牛肉、羊肉，它们含有最易被吸收的铁质5. People with low iron reserves should consult a physician to see if the deficiency should be corrected by modifying their diet or by taking supplements.铁质