高三高考英语语法专题复习之名词性从句讲义教案(含练习答案)

1、 学员编号:年 级：高三课时数:学员姓名:辅导科目：英语学科教师:授课类型授课日期及时段名词性从句教学内容考情分析上海高考考点分析名词性从句五年考情分析一名词性从句时间2009 年2010 年2011 年2012 年2013 年占分2分2分2分2分2分题号第37、 40题第36、 37题第35、38题第34、 38题第33、 40题考点宾语从句、主语 从句宾语从句、表语 从句同位语从句、 宾语从句同位语从句、主 语从句同位语从句、宾语从句考点解读1、思维导图-宾语从句、同位语从句、名词性从句引导从句的关联词宾语从句、同位语从句、主语从句和表语从句主语从句和表语从句从属连词：that, whet

2、her, if连接代词： who,whom, whose, what, which, whoever,WhateVer, WhOmeVer, WhiChever, WhOSeVer连接副词： where, when, how, Why等重难点：如何判断从句的类别一依据从句在句子中 的位置；注意名词性从句的语序和时态的呼应2、重难点讲解重难点一：名词性从句定义及种类:什么是名词性从句？名词性从句分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句。在整个句子中所起的作用相当于一个名 词。因此，这四种从句通称为名词性从句。引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：连接词：that, whether, if (都不

3、充当从句的任何成分)连接代词： what, WhateVer, who, whoever, whom, WhomeVer, whose, which, WhiCheVer 连接畐U词： Whe n, where, how, Why例句说明：When We will Start is n OteIear.主语从句MrS Black Won t believthat her Son has become a thief. 宾语从句My idea is that We should do it right now.表语从句I had no idea that you Were her friend.

4、同位语从句重难点二：名词性分类讲解：、主语从句：主语从句的定义：主语从句在句中做主语。它可以放在主句谓语动词之前，但多数情况下由it作形式主语，而把主语从句放在主句之后。主语从句的连词：连词： that, Whether连接代词：who, what, WhiCh 连接副词： When, where, how, Why 等。主语从句的例句：That She WaS able to come made US Very happy.Whether She will come or not is still a questio n.What We need is more time.Who will

5、go makes no differe nce.WhiCh team will Win the match is still unknown.When they will Start is not known yet.Where She has gone is a mystery.主语从句常用it作形式主语It is+名词/形容词/过去分词+主语从句It is still a question Whether She will come or not.It is Stra nge that you should like him.It is still UnknoWn WhiCh team w

6、ill Win the match.it做形式主语的其他常用结构It turned out that结果是已经发现 已经证明是 It has been found thatIt has been ProVed thatIt happe ned/occurred that 恰好 It is said/rePOrted that 据说 /报导注意：it作形式主语的主语从句容易与强调句混淆强调句中的it无所指代，主语从句中的it是形式主语，指that后的内容。试比较：强调句It is in the CIaSSroom that We WiIl have the party.主语从句 It is Sa

7、id that We will have the Party in the class room.、表语从句：表语从句的定义：表语从句位于系动词之后，此处的系动词往往指be动词。表语从句的连词：连词：that (有时可以省略)whether, as if连接代词：who, what, WhiCh连接畐U词：When, where, how, Why 等表语从句的例句：The fact is (that) She never liked him.The questi On is who Can complete the difficult task.表语从句的考点热：because引导的表语从句

8、，用 because引导的表语从句仅限于以下一个句型：This/That/It is because (that)I think it because you are doing too much.It may be because I am no mathematicia n.主语是reason时，表语从句不可用 Why或because引导，只能用that.The reason Why is tha 表语从句One reas On Why HamIet is SUCh a SUCCeSSfUI play is that it appeals to many differe nt people

9、.表语从句不能用if引导，但可以as if引导。He looked as if he WaS going to cry.、同位语从句：同位语从句的定义：同位语从句跟在名词后面，进一步说明该名词的具体内容，或对该名词作进一步解释。可跟同位语从句的通常是一些具有一定内容含义的名词，常见的有Conclusion, evidence, fact, hope,idea, n ews, opinion, problem, promise, reason, truth 等。同位语从句的连词：连词：that (不用WhiCh)连接代词：What连接副词：how, Whe n, where, why, Whet

10、her同位语从句的例句：HiS delay is due to the fact that the Car WentWrong halfway.The problem Whether this material Can be USed in OUr factory has not bee n solved.He has no idea What a remarkable woma n Mary is.注意：同位语从句有时不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面。Word Came that OUr team had won.同位语从句与定语从句的区别：语法意义：同位语从句：名词性从句(对名词补充说明)定语从

11、句：形容词性从句(对名词修饰限定)语法结构：同位语从句：连接词引导(不能省略)定语从句：关系代词或关系副词引导(充当句子成分，关系代词作宾语可省略)试比较：定语从句The n ews (that) he told me is really in terest ing.同位语从句The n ews that our team has Won the game is really en COUrag ing.、宾语从句：宾语从句的定义：用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句表语从句的关联词大致一样，在句中可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。that的用法由连接词that引

12、导宾语从句时，that在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但如从 句是并列句时，第二个分句前的that不可省。例如：He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow.We must never think (that) We are good in everything while OtherS are good in nothing.宾语从句的时态：主现从不限；主过从四过 ”当主句动词是现在时，从句根据自身的句子情况，而使用；当主句动词是过去时态，从句则要用相应的过去时态，如一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时等；例如：I

13、 know (that) he will StUdy English next year.(从句用一般将来时)he has StUdied English Since 1998.(从句用现在完成时)需要注意的特殊情况：当从句表示的是客观真理，科学原理，自然现象，则从句仍用现在时态。例如：(1) He Said that the earth moves around the sun.当主句中出现动词 dema nd、order、suggest、decide、in sist, desire, dema nd, request, comma nd 等(表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义)后，宾语从句常

14、用“(should)+动词原形”。例如：I in SiSt that She (should) do her work alone.The comma nder Ordered that troops (should) Set off at once.宾语从句的语序：从句语序要用陈述语序。例如：She always thinks of how She Can work well.She will give WhOeVer needs help a Warm support.形式宾语结构：主语+谓语+ it+宾语补足语+ that+宾语从句We find it necessary that We

15、 PraCtiSe SPeaking English everyday.He always takes it for granted that he Can PaSS the exam WithoUt hard work.6. thi nk, believe, imag ine, SUPPoSe 等动词引起的否定性宾语从句中，要把上述主句中的动词变为否定式。 即将从句中的否定形式移到主句中。例如：We don t think you are here.I don t believe he will do重难点三：Whether与if的区别：Whether与if表示 是否时，只能用Whether

16、的情况表语从句The questi On is Whether the film is worth See ing.主语从句Whether We shall attend the meeting hasn t been decided yet.注意：如果用it作形式主语，则Whether和 if都能引导主语从句。It hasn t been decWedtherif We shall attend the meeting.同位语从句AnSWer my question Whether you are coming.在介词之后(介词往往可以省略)It all depe nds (On) Whet

17、her they will SUPPOrt us.e 后面直接跟动词不定式 He doesn t knOWhether to Say or notf 后面紧接 or not时 We didn t knoWhether or not She WaS ready.g.用 if 会引起歧义PIeaSe let me know if you like it.该句有两个意思：请告诉我你是否喜欢。”或如果你喜欢，请告诉我”用了 Whether ,就可以避免歧义。Whether与if表示 是否时，可通用的情况宾语从句 I will Wonder Whether/if the news is true.be+

18、形容词之后I am not SUre Whether/if it will rain tomorrow.物典型例题I have no ideathe cell Phone isnt working, so could you(2)13o年上海英语高考)【答案】Why【解析】此处考查同位语从句。 从句中主干成分不缺， 结合句子含义 我不知道我的手机为什么不工 作了，你为我修一下怎么样？”所以需填Why。例题2Some people Care much about their appeara nce and always ask if they look fine inthey are Weari

19、 ng.（2013年上海英语高考）【答案】What【解析】此处考查宾语从句。分析可知介词in后接的为宾语从句，从句中缺少宾语，结合句子含义有些人非常关注自己的外貌，穿了什么衣服总是会问看上去好不好看。”可知需填What o例题3One reasOn for her Preference for City Iife isShe Can have easy access to PlaCeS Iike shops andrestaurants. （2010年上海英语高考）【答案】that【解析】此题考查表语从句。根据句意，她是所以喜欢大城市的一个理由是她可以很容易的找到商店和餐馆这些地方”。从句中不

20、缺少句子成分，意思也完整，所以选that起连接作用，但不可省。例题4One reasOn for her Preference for City life is She Can have easy access to PIaCeS like shops andrestaurants. （2010年上海英语高考）【答案】that【解析】此题考查表语从句。根据句意，她是所以喜欢大城市的一个理由是她可以很容易的找到商店和餐馆这些地方”。从句中不缺少句子成分，意思也完整，所以选that起连接作用，但不可省。例题5The message you intend to ConVey through word

21、s may be the exact opposite of OtherS actuallyUnderstand. （2011年上海英语高考）【答案】What【解析】本题考查介词后的宾语从句。分析来看，题干中缺少的成分是及物动词Understand的宾语，又充当连接词的作用，故填What o上学法点睛一、专题特点和学习方法：名词性从句是复合句中的一大重点，同时，学好名词性从句也是分析长难句的关键所在。该部分在 高考中考查点较为分散，主要出现在语法新题型填空，中译英以及一些阅读理解的长难句中。在学习名 词性从句时，主要以一下两方面为主：学会分析及使用各种名词性从句；能够正确进行名词性从句的连接词

22、的选择。二、解题技巧：【宾语从句】 判断宾语从是否缺成分要看宾语从句的句子成份。特别是句子中的谓语动词中及物动词 还是不及物动词。如是及物的必需有宾语。如从句中没有就要用一个代词来引导宾语从句并在从句中做 宾语。如动词是不及物的就一定没宾语那么缺少的一定是状语。【同位语从句】一般来说，容易和同位语从句相混淆的就是定语从句。在定语从句中像that, WhiCh等一些的连词经常在从句中充当一些成分，比如主语，宾语等等，如果去掉它们则从句会变的不完整，即缺少成分。相反地，引导同位语从句的that在从句中不充当任何成分，即使去掉，也不会影响句子的完整性（不过千万不能去掉）。过关检测（历年咼考真题改编）

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