研联盟33专业真题-汇梦考研

1、青 岛 科 技 大 学二 O O 七年入学科目：基础英语试题注意事项：1本试卷共四道大题（共计 32 个小题），满分 150 分；2本卷属试题卷，答题另有答题卷，一律写在答题卷上，写在该试题卷上或草纸上均无效。要注意试卷清洁，不要在试卷上涂划；3必须用蓝、黑钢笔或签字笔答题，其它均无效。I. Each sentence below has one or two bls. Complete each of the following sentenbyfilling the bl(202 pos)s with one from the 4 choiprovided to best fit the

2、meaning of the sentence.Rogers understanding of the po illist technique is profound, albeit thoroughly ; there are few who can his talent, recognized often and justly, for unders ement and economy in the use of color.brilliant imi e(B) spelized matchneedless disregardill-founded approximate2. Severa

3、l surgeons cautioned against the new procedure, t patients had been kepthe dark too long about itssible catastrophic consequenrevising advocatingpublicizing addingadopting complaining.(D) administering fetting3. The primary impulse of each human being is to himself, but the secondary impulse is tove

4、nture out of the self, to correct its provinactualizerejectdeclarewithdrawlism and heal its loneliness.4.It is difficult to conceive how, even for those people well dised to rule themselves, theattempt to achieve happiness should be rendered so by one single curse,t of a bad formofernment.ineffectua

5、lcorrupt(C) disanized(D) ill-tempered5. Henry James was to some degreeerested in exploring his characters psychologies, though hewas this entrise less by n by sympathy.(A) seducedo affectionimpelled to curiositydiscouraged from apathy(D)rigued by self-pityAs has always been the case when tragedy has

6、 struck our community, the people of our town feel the obligation, and rightly so, to in support of the victim and his vokediscontentrallyapologize7. The greeaders of the second world war alliance, Frlin Roosevelt and Winston Churchill,understood the oping forof destruction and ; their war

7、 aims were not only to defeatfascism, but to create a world of shared .grief solutionshope dominationdisaster antipathyconstruction prosperity8. One encouraging signhe problem of chaos among the soldiers rs was their vow, for whatit was worth, to act in a more way.concertedingeniousdefiantdiligent9.

8、 A gulf remains betn negotiators from the rich world, who are so skeptical they hope to seethe treatys ambitious proviabsorbed ignoreddiluted strengthenedreinforced removedrelaxed looseneds , and those from poor countries, who want them .10. Few mathematins are their futures on finding any such proo

9、f; instead, their efforts arefocused on finding good, but not , solutions for most cases, a field of study aptly known as approximation theory.(A) destroying exact(B) develo convenient(C) betting perfect(D) establishing vague11. Because many of the blacklistshe communications and entertaent industri

10、es were secret,the number of playwrights, script writers, novelists, and journalists who were to stop writing permanently is .happy astoundingforced unknownunafraid impressiveinclined unsurprising12. After the investigations and t are both nesary and inevitable after a calamity suchas the recently e

11、nded crisis, it may turn outt authorities could have handled the problem in aless way.(A) observation convenient(B)yses fashionablesecond-guessing costlyfootwork anized13. Handedness can be influenced and changed by sol and cultural mechanisms, as can beevidenced by the factt teachers have been know

12、n to force children to switch from using theirleft hand to using their right hand for writing andt some more societies show lesslefndednessheir populationsn other more societies.restrictive permissiveliberal suppressivedominating plural(D)riguing monotonous14. His of the assigned pages was itself a

13、much too lengthy summary; by all accounts, if hewishes to succeed by the standards of succinctness and conci.(A) development technique, he must learn to restrain his(B) synthesis erest(C)ysis construction(D) synopsis verity15. Although most people who acquire West Nile have no and those who do norma

14、lly sufferlittle moren flu-like illness, it is beved they still can carry amounts of theintheir blood for several days.recourse hopesymptoms minutecure significantfever active16. The pure oferior design is to create a physical environmentt is yet connectedto the outside world, an environment paritia

15、l.transcendent of tastefulnesslinked to autonomhyperipheral to tranquilityseparate from isolationt is ideal for the pursuit of relaxation in a zone of17. Future generations of physicists may look at the of their former ideas and see in it, notthe relics of some extinct creature, but a crude, early,

16、yet wholly ver modern theories.mockery distinctlaughable congruousskeleton recognizabletreatment of their more18. With legal migration,ernments need to persuade voterst they are accepting immigrantswho will be for the country, rathern those who will drain resour.(A) benefil merely(B) exotic constant

17、lyamusing ungraciouslyhelpful seldom19. Sadly, Americans of every ethnicity still demand ideological among their own kindalthough were all multi-culturalists now, were much more discussing diversityacross the rainbown within each other.subservience catholicresonance sensitiveconformity comfortablere

18、flection generousThe reality ofernance is rarely ; institutions do not operate according to mechanical laws, they evolveanically.inconsistentnoble(C)(D) sicedII. Read the following 2 passages and choose the best answer to each question about them.(104 pos)Passage OneMost words are “lexical words”, i

19、.e. nouns signifying things, the majority of which areabstract concepts rathern physical objectshe world; only “proper nouns” have specific and communicative function of a fully-functioning the particularity of the individual instance. Whileunique referents in the everyday world. The language requir

20、es the scope of referenceeach leaf, cloud or sis different from all others, effective communication requires generalcategories or “universals”. Anyone who has attempted to communicate with people who do notshare their language will be familiar with the limiions of simply poing to things, givent thev

21、ast majority of lexical words in a language exist on a high level of abstraction and refer to classesof thingch as “buildings” or to concepts like “construction”.We lose any one-to-one correspondence of word and thing the moment we group instano classes. Othern lexical words, language consists of “f

22、unction words” or grammaticalwords, such as “only” and “under” which do not refer to objectshe world at all, and many morekinds of signs othern simple nouns. The notion of words as labels fstideas exist independently of words andore theroductionof linguistic structure. Clearly, language is not limit

23、ed to naming things existing in the physical world, but includes non-existent objects and ideas well.The nomenclaturist stance, in viewing words as labels for pre-existing ideas and objects,attempts unsucsfully to reduce language to the purely referential function of naming things.Things do not exis

24、t independently of the sign systems which we use; “reality” is created by themedia which seem simply to represent it. Language does not simply name pre-existing categories; categories do not exist in “the world”. e.g. “where are boundaries of a cloud; when does a s begin”. Such an emphasis on realit

25、y as invariably perceptually seamless may be an exaggeration; our referential categories do seem to bear some relationship to certain features which seem to be inherently sant. Within a language, many words may refer to “the same thing” but reflectdifferent evaluations of it. For example, “one Meanw

26、hile, the signified of a word is hovel is anoth bject to historical change.ersons home”.his sense, “reality” or“the world” is created by the language we use: this argument insists on the primacy of the signifier.Even if we do not adopt the radical stancet “the real world” is a product of our sign sy

27、stems, wemust still acknowledge the lack of signifiers for many thingshe empirical world andt there isno parallel correlation betn most words and objectshe known world at all. Thus, all wordsare “abstractions”, and there is no direct correspondence betn words and “things”he world.The author of the p

28、assage is primarily concerned withrefuting a bef held by one school of linguisticsreviewing aneresting feature of language(C) illustrating the confut can result from the improper use of languae(D) suggesting a way in which languages can be made more nearly perfect2. The author offers all of the foll

29、owing ideas as proof betn words and things EXCEPTt there is no direct correspondence(A) Language has other functionsnt of reference.(B) Many words refer to objectst do not existhe world.(C) Function words do not refer to objects.(D) Proper nouns usually refer to unique entities.3. According to the p

30、assage, which of the following a likely agree with?mptions would the “nomenclaturist” most(A) The seamleess of reality complicates the notion of linguistic categories, sucht thosecategories must be questioned.(B) The experience of reality largely varies formt of the experience of language, weakening

31、the reliability of both experien.(C) Ideas invariably precede, in their existence and meaning, the language articulates them.t subsequently(D) The meaning of a word is not fixed historically, and may evolve over time due to a variety of factors.4. It can be inferred from the passage following?t the

32、author is LEAST likely to agree with which of theWords can be categorizedSome relationship beto different grammatical functions.n signifier and signified can be articulated.(C) Every signifios to a single pre-existing signified.(D) Words may name imaginary, non-physical things.5. It can be inferred

33、from the passaget the term “reductionist” would most likely apply to whichof the following views concerning language?A number of words exist with identical meanings.Several words with different connoions may refer to the same object.A word used two centuries ago might refer to the same object today.

34、Reality is constructed, not discovered, by the medium of language.Passage TwoThe distinction betn making art and thinking and writing about it should imply neither amutual exclusiveness nor a hierarchic differentiation of these proses. Leonardo demonstratedt producing art and theorizing about it nee

35、d not be antithetically oped activities andtmeaningful contributions can be achieved sucsfully in moren one field. Inexplicably, fewtheorists have built as memorable architectural structures as his and even fewer artists have beenentrusted with the directorship of an influential art institution. Unf

36、ortunay, as theory and practicebecame more spelizedhe modern era and their operational framework clearly defined both inthe cultural miu and the educational pros, their independent paths and boundaries havecurtailedsibilities oferaction. The creations of categories and divis have furtheremphasized h

37、ighly individualized idiosyncrasies and, by exing differen, diminished thevalue of a unifying artistic vocabulary. The transformative cultural pros of the last decades hascritically examined the artifil separations betn theoretical and studio practiand disclosedviable connections betn making, writin

38、g, thinking, looking and talking about art. The recentdialogue betn the various components of the artistic discourse has recognized the commondenominators shared by theoreticalyses and artistic production, one of which is clearlyexed by the argumentt the central objective of the theorist and artist

39、is to unmask andunderstand artistic meanings in paing or text.The notiont “true” art is the product of individuals who are incapable of in-depthunderstanding, in stark contrast to erudite, restrained and controlled scholars, is an outdated m.tThe amptiont artists make art bannot or do nove to talk o

40、r write about it andtheorists rarely know anything about the creative pros,has been consistently refuted by themany texts written from Leonardo da Vinci to Mary Kelly. Even van Gogh, a martyr of the stereotypical “misunderstood genius,” whose artistic career has been distorted by scores of fi and bo

41、oks, wrote with lucidity and insight about art and his work. Apparently, the “mystery” of thecreative pros, jealously protected by artists but also selectively cultivated by some art historianshas been both a fascination and frustration for those extrinsic to the pros and artists haveexed theimacy o

42、f creativity while acknowledging the role of cognition in creativity.Even the ironic and subversive demise of authorship of thet-modern and electronic ageacknowledges,east indirectly, the value of the artists individual participation. However, manycontemporary artists have abandoned the hierarchic s

43、egregation of the inner realm of the creatorand, by combining theoretical and studio practi, brought a reconciliatory tone to the proses ofmaking art andyzing it. Their works, which are often simultaneously artistic productions andcritique of the artistic discourse, making use of visual and textual

44、forms to exe the connectionbetn looking and thinking as the essential attribute to both creating and understanding art.6. According to the passage, the spelization of art and theory has tended to(A) reduce the level of control artists have over artistic institutionsincrease the usefulness of creatin

45、g a unifying artistic vocabularypermit a greater level of development of knowledge concerning both(D) curtaileractions and establish false boundaries betn the two fields7. It can be inferred from the passaget prior to the modern era artistic practice was regarded as(A) a hermetic field without poten

46、tial for collaboration, given populated by “misunderstood genius”exclusively(B) a field less isolated from the practice of critical present eraysisn the artistic pros of the(C) more meaningful and useful as a self-critical forcen the aesthetic judgments ofnon-artists, espelly art historians(D) prima

47、rily concerned with the masking and concealment of artistic meanings from t publiceral8. The passage suggests artists can be traced tot the mystification of the artistic pros by certain art historians and(A) the nesity of protecting artistic meaning from a general public who would most likelymisunde

48、rstand and object to it(B) an unconscious tendency of non-artists to lionize those artists whom the public admires but fails to understand(C) a desire to protect and maahe isolation betn those who make art and those whoyze it, so as to reinforce the creative/critical distinction(D) a movement to exp

49、unge the challenging texts of dual artist/critics like Leonardo da Vin Mary Kelly from the critical canonnd9. The passage suggestst thet-modernist relegation of an artworks author to a minor andirrelevantthas resulted in a greater embrace of art formshas failed to entirely counter the notion individ

50、ualt are sometimes wholly electronic art-making originates at some potwith anhas enabled artists to demonstrate the visual and textual connections bet criticismhas tended to subtly reinforce the ways in which artists are perceived as martyrsn art and art10. The authors primary pureentioning van Gogh

51、 is most likely to(A) cite the case of an artist whoseention was to increase the mystification of the artisticpros(B) discuss an artist whose life has been consciously distorted by biographers and filmmakers(C) give an example of an artist d able to do so in factcted as incapable of comprehending hi

52、s own art work but(D) provide an instance of an artist whose work can scarcely be understood without the assistance of art criticsIII. Read the following passage and translate ito good Chi. (30 pos)One uniform and harmonious system appealed to the imagination as a triumph of human progress, offering

53、 prospects of peace and ease, contentment and philanthropy, such as the world had not seen; but it invited dangers, formidable because unusual or altogether unknown. Thecorruption of such a system might prove to be proportionate with its dimen might lead to evils as serious as were commonly ascribed

54、 to diversity.s, and uniformityThe laws of human progress were matter not for dogmatic faith, but for study; and althoughsociety instinctively regarded small Ses, with their clashingerests and insant wars, as thechief obstacle to improvement, such progress as the world knew had been coupled with tho

55、se drawbacks. The few examples offered by history of great political societies, re ved from external competition or rivalry, were not commonly thought encouraging. War had been the severest test ofpolitical and sol character, baling bare whatever was feeble, and calling out whatever wasstrong; and t

56、he effect of removing sucIn 1815 for thetime Americans ceased to doubt the path they were to follow. Not onlywas the unity of their nation established, but its probable divergence from older societies was alsowell defined. Already in 1817 the difference betn Europe and America was decided.IV. Read t

57、he following passage and finish the writing task following it. (40 pos)Mary continued to look for a job, without sucs. Then she got a letter from a formercolleague named Louise who was now on the faculty of a famous college in upse New York. Shesaidt one of her colleagues would be retiring atof the

58、year and asked whether Marywould beerestedheition.The letter surprised Mary, because enthusiasm for otheoples cause did not come to Louiseeasily. Mary expected nothing, but a resume and copies of her two books. Shortly aftertLouise called to sayt the search committee, of which she was chairwoman, had decided to grantnerview in early November.The college looked the way colleges are suped to look. Roger, a student who was assignedto show Mary around before theerview, explainedt it was an exact copy of a college inEngland, right down to the gargoyles and stained-glas