完形填空 (4)

1、第二篇语篇运用专题一完形填空最易拉开差距【考前思索】 我是不是在通读全文后才开始答题？我能充分利用首句信息来答题吗？我能否根据上下文的暗示来答题？完形填空题做好之后，我是不是将答案代入文章再检验一下？【考向聚焦】 完形填空题的特点是篇幅小，但起点高，题量大，字数在230300之间。完形填空的选材近年来以第一人称为主的夹叙夹议励志型材料，具有极强的时代意义和真切的现实意义。完形填空考查考生对语法、词汇、习语、句型、搭配等基础知识的综合运用能力和短文的阅读理解能力，灵活运用语言知识的能力并且根据试题内容进行正确的逻辑推理，综合判断和分析概括的能力。见Word版考点真题研练满分技巧一抓住主旨大意【典

2、例1】 .When he asked 11(why) I was paying their bill I felt a little 12(shy) as I tried to cover my feelings.I finally replied，“When I saw that couple I got the feeling that they had to 13(struggle) to get what theyve got.So I decided to pay their bill.Now every time I think of the _20_ at the restaur

3、ant a smile spreads across my mouth，as I remember how once，I felt a strong desire to give freely to another.”20A.incident Bservice Cjoke Dfood解析此处是对上文整个叙述过程的概括，上文叙述的是作者通过自己的观察发现一对夫妇经济拮据，于是动了怜悯之心，主动替二人支付了餐费。上述过程是发生在饭店中的一件小事。故本题选A。答案A【典例2】 Every morning I continued to watch the man with interest.So fa

4、r I havent seen anyone fail to wave back.I find it interesting that one person can make such a(n) difference to so many peoples lives by doing one simple thing like waving and smiling warmly.His cheerfulness armed the start of my day.With a friendly wave and smiling face he had changed the _35_ of t

5、he whole neighborhood.35A.trends BobservationsCregulations Dfeelings解析在理解文章大意的基础上进行综合考虑是解答完形填空题的关键。本段前面提到作者看到the guard向陌生人挥手时，对方也挥手致谢，即使是一个表情刻板的商人也不例外。由此可见，微笑着向别人挥手改变的是他们的“感情”。前三项分别表示“趋势”“观察”“规章”，都与文章大意不符。答案DSoon it would be the holidays，but before that，there were year exams.All the _1_ had been wor

6、king hard for some time，reviewing their lessons for the exams.If they didnt _2_，they would have to retake in September.There were usually a few who _3_ ，but Jane didnt want to be one of them.She had worked hard all year，_4_ just before the exams she was working so hard that her sister Barbara was _5

7、_ about her.【语篇解读】 考查主旨判断。通过句首阅读，捕捉关键信息，确定体裁，推断题材，提炼主题。1A.teachers Bstudents Cclassmates Dschools解析根据“reviewing their lessons for the exams”推断，此空应填students，而classmates表述不清。答案B2A.prepare Bmiss Cjoin Dpass解析一般来说，如果一位学生考试不及格，就要补考。由“have to retake”推断，应用pass。答案D3A.succeeded Bfailed Cended Dcalled解析由“Jane

8、 didnt want to be one of them”和前一句话可知，应用failed。答案B4A.but Bso Cor Dbecause解析前后形成对比，此处意为：她已刻苦学习整整一年了，可是临考前还是很努力。应用but。答案A5A.excited Bfrightened Cworried Dpleased解析根据上下文间的逻辑关系判断，看到Jane学习这么努力，她姐姐Barbara自然担心她。worry about sb“担忧某人”，故用worried。答案C阅读首句可知，本文是一篇记叙文。接下来作者一定要描述有关考试的事情。所以，做题时，一定要依据平常应付考试时的表现和一般心理感

9、受，把词汇锁定在与考试有关的单词或短语上。完形填空虽然篇幅短小，但却是一个完整的语篇。考生一定要在把握全文大意的基础上进行推断，否则很容易背离全文的主题，连续出现错误。故考生在解题过程中切忌就句论句，首先要弄清文章的中心思想。 满分技巧二理清细节【典例1】 I was born and brought up in the small town of Pineville，which I left at the age of sixteen.Twenty years _1_ I found myself back on a visit.I went to see my _2_ friend Tom

10、 Clark，who _3_ as ever，was chairman of the local club.1A.ago Blater Cearlier Dbefore2A.new Bold Cforgotten Dwelcome3A.active Blazy Cbrave Dshy【语篇解读】 考查细节判断。利用句首判断时间和地点。解析句首大意：我在Pineville出生并长大成人，16岁离开了该城。很显然，这是一篇记叙文，记叙了过去发生的一件事。从句首提示可知，一定是在20年后，“我”去参观，因此，第一空细节元素时间，应填later。因为作者离开家乡已20多年了，所以家乡的朋友已是老朋友了

11、，故第二空背景元素，应填old。第三空细节对象仍然与句首交代的时间背景有关，根据as ever可知，这位老朋友还是像以前一样那么活跃，是当地俱乐部的主席，故答案填active。答案1.B2.B3.A【典例2】 Many people who work in London prefer to live outside it，and to go into their offices，factories or schools every day by train，car or bus，even though this means they have to get up _1_ in the morn

12、ing and reach _2_ later in the evening.1A.quickly Bearly Cearlier Dearliest2A.home Bfamily Cflat Dhouse【语篇解读】 考查细节判断。利用句首判断时间和地点。解析根据句首可知，许多人愿意住在伦敦城外面，乘坐火车，小汽车或公共汽车上下班或上学。由此可以推断他们为了上下班或上学不迟到必须早起，而晚上则很晚才回家。因此第一空应填earlier，第二空应填home才符合细节要求。答案1.B2.A点拨考查依据句首判断细节元素时间和地点。阅读首句可知，第一篇是一篇记叙文。接下来作者描述自己回到家乡的见闻与感

13、触。因此，做题时，考生把词汇锁定在与家乡见闻有关的单词或短语上。第二篇是一篇说明文，讲解London人的日常学习、工作和生活习惯，要扣住客观需求和自然规律字眼的词汇。 满分技巧三重视语篇情感【典例1】 Tom was seriously injured in the traffic accident and was taken to the hospital，and his parents were called for.They were very _1_ to hear of the accident and quickly rushed to his _2_.For three days

14、 Tom was not able to feel or think and his parents were _3_ that he might die.But on the fourth day Tom _4_ and spoke softly.His parents were _5_.The police by then had followed the owner of the car and caught hold of him at last.1A.angry Bplease Cshocked Ddisappointed2A.school Bhome Chospital Doffi

15、ce3A.worried Bready Cconfident Dcertain4A.felt sick Bgot up Cfell asleep Dwoke up5A.surprised Bcalm Cglad DPuzzled 【语篇解读】 考查褒贬语境关系，判断是非曲直。解析这是一组典型的褒贬语境题。听到儿子在交通事故中受伤，父母一定是很震惊了，故第1空用shocked，并且急忙赶到医院；第2空应用hospital；第3空交代父母担心他可能会死，只能用worried；第4空前面的连词but暗示此处要用woke up，看到儿子醒来后，父母肯定感到高兴，故用glad。答案1.C2.C3.A4.

16、D5.C点拨褒贬的语言情景关系的考查。几乎每篇完形填空的语境都有一定的褒贬性，这种褒贬性反映了主人公的特定心理状态和情绪以及作者的写作意图。语境题在完形填空题中已占有一半题量，因此，利用好文章的语境关系就能对文章进行准确性地逻辑判断，在理解文意的基础上推断出每一空的准确信息从而确定答案。其具体方法就是认真读原文，找出反映语境的标志性的词汇或句子，并大胆预测下文。【典例2】 Soon after Dave left college，one of his uncles，who was rich and had no children of his own，died and left a lot o

17、f money，so he decided to set up his own real estate company. He found a nice office，bought a lot of things to _1_ it，and moved in.He had only been there for a few hours _2_ he heard someone _3_ towards the door of his office. “Its my first visitor！”He thought.He quickly _4_ the telephone up and pret

18、ended to be very _5_ answering an important call from someone in New York.【语篇解读】 这是一组典型的词汇搭配题。1A.supply Bfurnish Cfill Dmatch解析Dave找到了一间办公室，需要买很多东西来装饰一下，故用furnish，意为“在(房屋等)内布置家具”。supply意为“提供”；fill意为“(使)充满”；match意为“与相配”。答案B2A.and Bthen Cwhen Dsuddenly解析此处要用when与前面的过去完成时连用，构成固定结构，此时的when意为“刚就”。答案C3A.g

19、oing BwalkingCapproaching Dentering解析此处意为：Dave听到有人朝他办公室门口走来。go意为“去，走”；approach和enter虽然意思上符合语境，但它们是及物动词，后面不能接towards。答案B4A.hung Banswered Cpicked Dbrought解析此处意为：拿起了电话，应填pick。pick up意为“拿起，举起”；hang up意为“挂断电话”；answer意为“回答，答复”，但后面不能跟介词up；bring up“养育，培养”。答案C5A.interested Bactive Cbusy Dfascinated解析在语义上，这四

20、个词都可以用，但只有busy后面跟动词ing形式，表示“忙于做某事”。interested和active后面接“in doing.”结构，fascinated后面接by短语，故busy符合语境要求。答案C【典例3】 When I graduated from high school.I went _1_ to graduate from the US.Naval Academy and later became an officer in the navy.The part of my job I _2_ most was the counseling meeting I _3_ with t

21、he family members of the men and women in my _4_，trying to help them deal with the long periods of _5_.These proved popular and word of them spread.【语篇解读】 这5道题均属语境化选择题。段落大意：“我”从美国海军学院毕业后，成为了一名海军军官。这项工作中“我”最喜欢的部分是为“我”负责管理的男女士兵的家人举行咨询会。1A.out Bon Caway Doff解析从本句话的语义来看，应用on。go on to do sth表示“完成某事后接着做另一

22、件事”。答案B2A.took Bhated Cenjoyed Ddid解析I _ most是定语从句，先行词是the part of my job，根据句意，do不能与part搭配，空格应填enjoyed。答案C3A.ended Bbegan Ccontinued Dheld解析I _ with the family members.是定语从句，先行词是counseling meeting，只有held符合搭配要求。答案D4A.charge Bsituation Cposition Dchoice解析通过语境可知，作者是一名海军军官，又根据搭配in my charge“有某人负责”进行推断。答

23、案A5A.lessons Bmeeting Ctraining Dseparation解析既是语境化试题又是生活常识题。当一名海军就意味着要远离家人很长一段时间，故用separation。答案D点拨考查习惯搭配的语境关系，避免只重语意。高考完形填空题中有少量的试题来考查习惯搭配。该题型难度中等，但使考生容易丢分，其原因是考生只注重语义，而忽略了词汇的习惯搭配，所以考生在准确把握语境的同时，更要注意所要填入的名词，形容词，动词与空格前面或后面的词汇的习惯搭配，尤其要注意介词或副词的搭配关系。 满分技巧四判断行文逻辑【典例1】 In the depth of my memory，many thin

24、gs I did with my father still live.These things have come to represent，in fact，what I call _ and love.Adesire Bjoy Canger Dworry解析考查平行关系。句中and表示并列关系，根据后面的love可知，空格处要填一个相似范畴的名词，所以首先排除anger和worry。而desire意为“渴望”，joy意为“快乐时光”，再结合语境，应用joy。答案B【典例2】 After the discovery，scientists returned to the forest and _

25、1_ some hair and measured footprints.About 20 inches appears to be the animals foot！Chinese scientists have now set up a special group to exchange information and make a _2_ of the forest.But in the meantime，some people _3_ to believe that this halfman，halfmonkey exists.They will not believe that it

26、 is _4_ until one of the animals has been caught.【语篇解读】 考查逻辑判断。1A.cut Bpulled Ccollected Dtore解析因为动物已经逃走，也许会留下一些线索，所以科学家们回去只能是收集一些毛发。故只有collected符合语境逻辑关系。答案C2A.film Btour Cchoice Dstudy解析由上下文看出，这些科学家们集中力量来对这片森林进行研究，故用study。答案D3A.come Brefuse Cprefer Dhave解析根据前面的but可知，此句子应表示相反的意思，即有些人不相信这种动物会存在。refus

27、e to believe意为“拒绝相信”。答案B4A.wrong Balive Creal Dcorrect解析句意：有些人不相信，除非有一天真能抓住一只这样的动物，由此判断，real正确。答案C点拨对逻辑关系准确判断的考查。逻辑关系是指表达结构特定，意思密切相连，语气一致的词组或句子组成的语言现象，其形式整齐匀称，内容联系紧密，进一步表达出语言的中心内涵。 满分技巧五巧用文化背景【典例】 The real marathon(a longdistance running race of 42.195km)in my town usually occurs during a heat wave.

28、My job was to follow behind the runners in an ambulance _1_ any of them needed medical attention. “Were supposed to stay behind the _2_ runner，so take it slowly，”I said to the driver，Doug，as the race started. The frontrunners started to _3_ and then my eyes were _4_ to the woman in blue silk running

29、 shorts and a loose white Tshirt.We knew we were already watching our“last runner”Her _5_ were so crippled that it seemed almost impossible for her to be able to walk，let along run a marathon.【语篇解读】 这是一组典型的文化背景常识考查题。1A.so that Bin caseCeven though Donly if解析考查行文逻辑和句法功能。in case引导条件状语从句，意为“以防万一”。答案B2A

30、.first Bbest Conly Dlast解析考查行文逻辑。根据下文可知，作者与司机跟在“最后边”一位选手之后，应用last。答案D3A.run Bseparate Cdisappear Dappear解析考查生活常识。根据上下文可知，左后一位选手受伤了，与前面的选手差距太大，自然当有前面的选手开始“消失”时，作者才能注意到她。故应用disappear。答案C4A.drawn Bthrown Cfixed Dcaught解析考查词汇知识。只“我”的眼睛被吸引，应用draw。答案A5A.hands Blegs Carms Dbody解析考查生活常识。根据下半句可知，她几乎不能走，因而她的腿

31、应该是受伤了，应用legs。答案B点拨对生活常识或背景知识准确判断的考查。完形填空题基本上都是独立的语篇，它提供了完整的语言信息，其中有时夹杂着社会知识，自然知识或风俗习惯等常识知识。考生在解答时，要积极地运用自己所掌握的文化背景知识和生活常识，特别是注意中西文化的差异，将会大大简化复杂的分析与判断过程，节省宝贵的时间，顺利的解答试题。 满分技巧六夯实语法词汇【典例1】 At first his _ did not get across.“What was he walking about！”Then I got it.I had set my trays on his wifes ortho

32、pedic walker.I stood frozen as ice，but my face was on fire.I wanted to get into a hole and hide.Aidea Bpraise Cmessage Dneed解析考查同义词辨析。idea指“注意，想法”；message则表示某人所要传达的信息，本句中get across意为“使理解”，所以它的主语应与表示传递信息类的名词有关，故用message。答案C点拨对常见同义词或近义词准确用法的考查。【典例2】 It is always ressuring at times like these，when empl

33、oyees so clearly show their _ to their jobs.Adevotion Bdonation Cconnection Dreaction解析考查形近词辨析。句意：有时候像这样，当员工们如此明显地表现出他们对工作的忠于职守时，总是令人欣慰的。这四个词都是以tion结尾的形近词。devotion指“热爱，忠诚”；donation“捐赠”，connection“联系”，reaction“反应”，根据句意推断，应用devotion。答案A点拨对常见形近词准确用法的考查。【典例3】 “Why not put the egg in a basket with a para

34、chute _？”Cassie rolled her eyes.“The parachute is better that stupid idea.”Afollowed Bcovered Cattached Dsupported解析考查语法和行文逻辑。此处要表示“将篮子系到降落伞上”，语法要求是要用with的复合结构(with名词ed)。attach意为“粘连，系住”；follow“跟随”，cover“覆盖”，support“支持”，根据句意推断，应用attached。答案C【典例4】 A mining engineer enjoyed flying very much.One day，he

35、was flying his own plane over a lonely island when a _1_ storm came，so he was _2_ to make a forced landing.The plane was in good _3_ but his legs and shoulder got _4_ hurt.After getting out of the plane with great _5_，he found nothing but high green hills _6_ the place.He lay there expecting to die.

36、【语篇解读】 这是一组典型的语境判断和词汇运用题。1A.quick Bwonderful Cheavy Dsudden解析语境题。从下文提到他紧急着陆可知，所遇到的风暴一定很猛烈，故用heavy。答案C2A.ordered Bforbidden Cpermitted Dobliged解析词汇题。根据上文可知，此处他没有办法，只好着陆，用be obliged to表示“被迫”。答案D3A.condition Brelation Caction Dspeed解析词汇题。飞机状态良好，但他的腿和肩受了伤。前后两句形成了对比。in good condition“状况良好”，符合语境。relation“

37、关系”；action“行为”；speed“速度”，由此判断，要用condition。答案A4A.slightly Bseriously Chardly Dluckily解析语境题。由“He lay there expecting to die”可推知，他所受的伤，较为“严重”，应用seriously。答案B5A.pleasure Battention Cdifficulty Dachievement解析语境题。由于伤势严重，所以从飞机出来时显得十分“艰难”，应用difficulty。答案C6A.covering Bwrapping Cholding Dsurrounding解析语境题。此为现场

38、背景，意思为：四周群山环绕。结合句意，应用suround“环绕”。答案D点拨对常见词汇准确用法的考查。【典例5】 “I was looking _ thinking of what to buy，and I stopped to read the little cards on the Giving Trees”Aout Bover Cforward Daround解析词汇题。短语动词搭配。look around“到处寻找；环视”；look over“浏览”；look out“小心，当心”；look forward“向前看”，由此判断，应用look around。答案D【典例6】 I knew

39、 she had strict sleeping habits，but I thought she ought to be able to _ some of this strictness.Aput up Btake up Cpick up Dgive up解析语境题。上句内容和but暗示，此处应用give up“放弃，剔除；改掉”。短语动词take up“占用时间或空间；参加事务”；pick up“改善；好转”；put up“建立；搭起”均与语境不符。答案D点拨对短语动词辨析的考查。短语动词在完形填空题中是比较常见的，占有一定的比例。这类短语有两种考查方式：一种是四个选项中只有一个搭配是正

40、确的；另一种是四个选项的搭配不止一个正确，这时考生须借助上下文的意思作出适当的判断。但有时介词的搭配也少不了。 满分技巧七学会逻辑推理 四个选项从词汇搭配，语法角度考虑均行得通，但由于文章是一个完整的统一体，词，句，段三者存在着内在逻辑关系，此时需要从上下文中寻找有关的提示或暗示，对文章的情节进行逻辑推理，抓住关键信息，理顺句与句之间的关系，确定合理的答案。【典例1】 When the Red Cross started blood banks to collect and store blood for men wounded in battle，black American gave bl

41、ood along with the whites.At first their blood was not accepted.Later blood from the blacks was _ but was stored in a separate place from “white”blood.Areceived Baccepted Clost Dfound解析考查原词复现。此空的前一句是“At first their blood was not accepted”根据行文逻辑可知，此处仍要用accepted，一开始黑人的血不被接受，而后来被接受了。答案B点拨原词复现，即同一概念重复出现

42、。【典例2】 It seems your tray stand has been very useful to you，but we are getting ready to leave now，and my wife needs her _ back.Abag Bwalker Ctray Dcoat解析考查原词复现。前一句是：你的这个托盘架对你似乎很有用，但是，我们现在要走了，我的妻子想拿回她的“托盘”。根据前面部分出现的tray stand，他们是想拿回“我”误拿的托盘。故tray正确。答案C点拨原词复现，即同一概念重复出现。【典例3】 I never felt so _ as I did

43、 that day，.poor.Aangry Brich Cpatient Dbitter解析考查反义词复现。作者说出自己家很贫寒，但此时感觉在那天说的事在精神上是很“富有”的。由此只有rich符合句意要求。答案B点拨同义词，近义词，反义词复现。同义词，近义词，反义词是借助意思相同，相近或相反的表达方式或解释性语言使上下文的意思得以连接起来。因此，做题时，应充分注意分析上下文中出现的解释性语言。 【典例4】 “I have a brilliant design for our egg container！A protective one！”I said when Cassie arrived.

44、“We can _ the egg with some butter cream.”Aprotect Breplace Ccarry Dmix解析考查同根词复现。根据文中的“a protective one”可知，此处要用protective的动词形式protect“保护，防护”。答案A点拨同根词复现。对于上下文意思复现的表达，可以借助于复现信息的同根词来补全信息，巧妙运用词汇复现，轻松选择判断。【典例5】 What is the _1_ of studying towns in this way？For me，it is _2_ that one gets a greater depth o

45、f pleasure by visiting and seeing a town with ones own eyes.A _3_ visit to a town may help one better understand why it is attractive _4_ just reading about it in a guide book.1A.point Bview Cproblem Ddifficulty解析考查词汇辨析。point意为“意图，目的”，如Begin your work now.There is no point in wasting time.现在就开始你的工作吧，耗时间没有用。答案A2A.nearly Bsimply Cgenerally Dhardly解析考查词汇辨析。nearly“几乎”，generally“一般地”，hardly“几乎不”都不符合题意。simply“仅仅，只不过”，作者以这种方式去了解一座城市的原因很简单，仅仅是通过亲眼看看，去感受以获取更大的快乐。答案B3A.costly