(贵阳专版)2019中考英语复习第3部分中考题型攻略篇题型7任务型阅读(精讲)检测

1、题型七任务型阅读贵阳五年中考命题规律及趋势任务型阅读是根据任务型教学设计而成的一种介于阅读理解与书面表达之间的题型。它要求学生在阅读文章后能对文章中的某些细节做到准确把握或对整篇文章进行提炼概括，是一种读写结合的题型。这种题型既考查学生的阅读理解能力，也考查学生的分析问题、解决问题的能力，还考查学生运用英语语言将有关内容以文字形式正确地表达出来的能力。题号题型内容题数小题分值分值小计赋分A.补全句子型阅读。(要求学生阅读短文，任务捕捉信息，根据短文内容完成文后的句5210型子。)20阅读B.填写表格型阅读。(要求学生阅读短文，捕捉信息，根据短文内容完成表格。)5210贵阳中考任务型阅读有两种类

2、型：补全句子型和填写表格型。A篇近五年都为说明文，话题涉及青少年问题类(毒品)；历史文化类(丝绸之路)；嘻哈音乐；名人类(莎士比亚)。B篇近五年说明文和记叙文交叉出现。话题涉及文化类(语言的变化)；哲理及励志故事类；社会关怀类(艾滋理解项目)；名人类(达尔文)。解题方法与技巧A补全句子型阅读补全句子型阅读一般给出一篇难度适中的阅读材料，要求学生根据短文提供的信息，以填写词语的方式完成文后各题，所填写的词或词组具有很高的概括性和准确性。因此，学生必须认真阅读材料，尽可能从短文中找到相关语句，在尊重原文意思的基础上，仔细分析句子中所填空的成分，然后用其同义词或词组表达完成句子。一般来说，从文中直接

3、找到答案的很少，多数情况下，学生需要提炼概括出所填空的内容，甚至变化句式来完成句子。这就要求学生在平时的阅读中，学会积累词、短语或句子的多种表达方式。训练并提升自己的根据短文大意概括每段甚至全文的核心内容的能力，从而为准确解答此类题型做好准备。具体的解题方法与技巧如下：1快速定位圈点首先，快速浏览文后的5个句子，了解所缺词语的性质并预测所填内容；然后返回文中阅读，找到这5个句子所处的段落和位置；最后结合每个句子的含义，仔细研读该段落的内容，找出所填句子与原句之间的不同，圈出不同点。2巧妙运用转换对于那些不能在原文中直接选定的答案，我们必须认真阅读材料，分析所要填写的词语，并用其同义词、近义词、

4、反义词或短语等填空。一般情况下，所填答案都是原文的改写，所以必须尊重原文的意思，不能脱离原文胡乱填空。在平时的阅读训练中，学生须掌握设空规律，了解常用词、短语或句子的同义转换，提高答题准确率。3注意答题细节学生在填写句子时，除了明确所填内容外，还应注意以下几点：(1)正确拼写单词；(2)注意首字母的大小写、名词的单复数、主谓一致、时态语态及非谓语动词的使用等；(3)语言简练、准确。另外，书写工整在答题的过程中也十分重要。B填写表格型阅读填写表格型阅读通常是先给出一段阅读材料，根据材料所给的信息填写表格、补全句子或短文中空缺的信息。此类题目通常难度不大，大部分信息都可以直接在原材料中找到。因此，

5、学生要先通读材料，注意所填信息在原材料中的出处，就不难完成任务。但也有个别信息不可能直接在原材料中找得到，需要根据某些细节、线索或关键词语进行推理、归纳才能完成任务。填写时重在达意，并不一定要用短文中的原词。对于这种阅读题，关键在于分析图表中已存在的信息点，然后根据已给出的信息点寻找相对应的信息。具体的解题方法与技巧如下：1阅读短文，领略大意，把握文章的结构、层次，弄清局部和整体的关系，提取有用信息。2识读图表，把握图表的结构、层次，弄清每空的考查点，是细节题还是主旨大意题。3把握空格处的考查点，检索信息并答题。细节理解题回到原文相关处一般能直接找到答案，主旨大意题(概括标题等)要在理解文章大

6、意、把握文章结构的基础上进行分析、概括，从而提炼出重要信息或文章主旨。(2018贵阳初中毕业生学业考试)A阅读短文，捕捉信息，根据短文内容完成文后的句子。Drug(毒品)useinBritainhasincreasedby30%inthelastfiveyears.Useofharddrugs，forexample，cocaine(可卡因)andcrackcocaine，isincreasingasaresultofthesedrugsbecomingcheaperandeasiertobuy.YoungpeopleinBritainaremorelikelythanotherEuropean

7、stotakeillegal(非法的)drugs.UKteenagersaretakinguptofivetimesmoreillegaldrugs，forexample，ecstasytablets(摇头丸)andcannabis(大麻制品)，thaninotherEuropeancountries.ThemostcommondrugforUKteenagersiscannabis.Over35%of15to16yearoldssaytheyhavetriedit.Harderdrugssuchascrackcocainearelesscommon.Asmanyasoneintwelve12

8、yearoldshavetakendrugs.Britishlawputsdrugsintothreegroups，fromthemostdangerousClassAdrugstotheleastaddictive(使人上瘾的)ClassCdrugs：ClassA：harddrugs，forexample，crackcocaine；ClassB：forexample，ecstasytablets；ClassC：“soft”drugs，forexample，cannabis，whicharealsoaddictiveanddangerous.IntheUKtherearepossibly500

9、，000ClassAdrugusers.Asaresult，theUKspends390millionayearontreatmentcenterstofightdruguse.Treatmentcentersspendmorethan3，000tohelpeverydruguser.Butonly3，800drugusersayearsuccessfullygothroughthedrugtreatment.Teenagersgavethefollowingreasonsinorderofimportance；tocopytheirfriendsandtolookcool；soastohav

10、eagoodtimeandtofeelgood；inordertoseewhatitislikeandtoexperiencesomethingnew；soastobelikeadults，buttobedifferentfromtheirparents；becausethedrugsarecheapandeasytobuy；becausetheyhavenothingbettertodowiththeirtime.1OnereasonforpeopletakingmoreharddrugsintheUKisthat_arebecominglower.2TheUKteenagerstakemu

11、chmoredrugsthanteenagersinanyother_3UnderBritishlaw，fromClassAdrugstoClassCdrugs，allofthemare_4TheUKgovernmentworkshardonthedrugtreatment.Butonlyasmallnumberof_intheUKcangetoutofthedrugaddictioneveryyear.5Asforhowtostopthemselvesfromtakingdrugs，theUKteenagersshould_【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了英国青少年吸毒的现状、原因及英国

12、采取的措施。1theprices【解析】题干意为：英国人吸烈性毒品的其中一个原因是_变得更低了。根据第一段最后一句“thesedrugsbecomingcheaper”可知此处应填theprices。2Europeancountry【解析】题干意为：英国青少年比其他任何_的青少年要吸更多的毒品。根据第二段第一句“YoungpeopleinBritainaremorelikelythanotherEuropeanstotakeillegaldrugs.”，可知此处应填Europeancountry.3dangerousandaddictive【解析】题干意为：英国法律中，从A等级到C等级的毒品都

13、是_。根据第三段“Britishlawputsdrugsintothreegroups，fromthemostdangerousClassAtotheleastaddictiveClassCdrugs.”可知此处应填dangerousandaddictive。4drugusers【解析】题干意为：英国政府在毒品治疗方面很努力。但在英国每年只有少数的_能摆脱毒瘾。根据第七段最后一句“Butonly3，800drugusersayearsuccessfullygetthroughthedrugtreatment.”可知此处应填drugusers。5learnmoreaboutthedangerso

14、fdrugs【解析】题干意为：对于如何预防自身吸毒，英国青少年应该_。此题为主观题，文中未直接提及到英国青少年应该如何做，所以言之有理即可。B阅读短文，捕捉信息，根据短文内容完成表格。Englishisalwayschanging.TheEnglishthatpeopleused500yearsagoisverydifferentfromtheEnglishweusenow.Eveninthelastfiftyyears，Englishhaschanged.Newwordsareenteringourlanguageallthetime.ThewordsInternet，emailandmob

15、ilephoneareonlytwentyyearsold.Thewordwebsiteisevenyounger.Weonlystartedusingitfifteenyearsago.Butwhatcauseslanguagestochange？Andislanguagechangeapositiveoranegativething?Therearemanyreasonsthatlanguageschange.Onereasonisthattechnologychanges.Weusenewwordsfornewtypesoftechnology.Thirtyyearsago，weonly

16、usedthewordmouseinEnglishtodescribeananimal.Today，thewordmousealsomeanstheobjectyouusetocontrolacomputer.Anotherimportantreasonforlanguagechangeiscommunicationbetweendifferentcountriesandcultures.Forinstance，EnglishuseswordslikesugarfromArabic，shampoofromHindiandyoghurtfromTurkish.Languagesalsochang

17、ebecauseyoungpeoplecreatetheirownwayoftalkingthatisdifferentfromtheirparents.Teenagersoftenusenewslanginformalwordsandphrasestotalktotheirfriends.Someslanggetsforgotten，butotherslangwordsbecomepartofnormal，everydaylanguage.Wordslikebusandrockmusicstartedasslang，butnowtheyareinthedictionaryandeveryon

18、eusesthem.Butislanguagechangeagoodthingorabadthing？Somepeoplethinkthatweshouldstoplanguagesfromchanging.Theythinkthattheyneedtoprotecttheirlanguageoritwilldieorbecomeworse.InFrance，thereisanorganizationcalledLAcademicFrancaisethatdecideswhatiscorrectandwhatisincorrectinFrench.Theylookatthenewwordsth

19、atpeopleareusinganddecidewhethertheyaregoodFrenchornot.Therearealsoorganizationslikethisinothercountries，suchasIndonesiaandSpain.However，otherpeoplebelievethatlanguagechangeisanaturalthingandshouldntbestopped.Theythinkthatitisnormalthatlanguageschangeovertime.Theythinkthatlanguagesneedtochangetostay

20、modernandinteresting.Title：LanguageChangeEnglish1._inthepast500years.ChangesofEnglishNewwordsareenteringourlanguageallthetime，suchasemailandwebsite.Technologychanges.Theword“mouse”alsomeans“鼠标”inChinesetoday.ThreereasonsforlanguagechangePeoplefromdifferentcountriesandcultures2._Wordslikesugar，shampo

21、o，andyoghurtarefromdifferentcountries.Youngpeoplecreatetheirownwayoftalking.Someslangwords3._whileotherslangbecomespartofeverydaylanguage.Somethinklanguagechange5._Ifnot，theirlanguagewillbecomeworseordie.4._onlanguagechangeSomethinklanguagechangeisnormalandnatural.Itcanmakelanguagesstaymodernandinte

22、resting.【主旨大意】本文主要介绍了英语发生的变化，语言产生变化的原因及人们对此的看法。1haschanged【解析】题干意为：英语_在过去的五百年。根据第一段前三句“Englishisalwayschanging.TheEnglishthatpeopleused500yearsagoisverydifferentfromtheEnglishweusenow.Eveninthelastfiftyyears，Englishhaschanged.”可知此处应填haschanged。2communicatedifferently【解析】题干意为：来自于不同国家和文化的人们_。根据第二段第六句“

23、Anotherimportantreasonforlanguagechangeiscommunicationbetweendifferentcountriesandcultures.”可知此处应填communicatedifferently。3getforgotten【解析】题干意为：一些俚语_然而另一些俚语成了人们日常语言的一部分。根据第二段倒数第二句“Someslanggetsforgotten，butotherslangwordsbecomepartofnormal，everydaylanguage.”可知此处应填getforgotten。4Twodifferentopinions【解析

24、】题干意为：_关于语言变化。此题为概括题，根据表格右侧内容“Somethinklanguagechange；Somethinklanguagechange”可知此处是人们对于语言变化的两种不同的观点，故填Twodifferentopinions。5shouldbeprevented【解析】题干意为：一些人认为语言变化_。否则他们的语言将会变得更糟甚至消失。根据第三段第二句“Somepeoplethinkthatweshouldstoplanguagesfromchanging.”可知此处应填shouldbeprevented。A阅读短文，捕捉信息，根据短文内容完成文后的句子。Putonghua

25、(MandarinChinese)isthelanguageoftheHanpeople，butmostoftheotherethnicgroupsalsohavetheirownlanguagesordialects.Thatcanmakecommunicationdifficultwhentheyspeaktoeachotherwithoutusingthecommonlanguage，Putonghua.However，peoplefromdifferentplacescanunderstandthesamewrittencharacters.MandarinChineseisthemo

26、stcommonlyusedlanguage.Itistaughtinallschoolsanditisthemediumofthegovernment.AndtodaypeopleacrossChinaareencouragedtousePutonghuainofficesandpublicplaces.SpokenChineseisatonallanguage，withfourtonesinadditiontoindividualsounds.Forinstance，theword“Ma”canmean“mother，”“bother，”“horse，”or“scold，”dependin

27、gonhowitissaid.TohelpthelearningofChinese，aRomanizationsystemcalledPinyinhasreplacedotherearlierRomanizedspellings(thecapitalofChinaisspelledBeijinginsteadoftheearlierspellingof“Peking”)Itwasdevisedin1958andhasbeentakenasastandardformtorepresentChinesesounds.TheChinesewritingsystemispictographic(象形文

28、字的)Thismeansthata“picture”representsanideaoraword.Therefore，theChinesewritingsystemisntthesameasthatofmostwesternlanguages.Thewordsfortheselanguagesarerepresentedbyletters，whileChinesewordsarerepresentedbycharacters.SomeChinesecharactersweredevelopedassimplepicturesfromnature，suchasanimals，birds，mou

29、ntains，andrivers.Althoughthestylewritinghaschangedandgraduallybeentransformedoveratleast5，000yearsintothecharactersusedtoday，Chineseistheonlymajorwritingsystemoftheworldthathascontinueditspictographbasedsystemwithoutinterruption(中断)andstillusesit.ManystudentsofChinesearefirstattractedtothelanguagebe

30、causeofthewritingsystem，whichissurelyoneofthemostfascinatingscriptsintheworld.1Putonghuaisthecommonlanguageusedby_Han_people_andethnicgroupsforcommunication.2MandarinChineseiswidelyusedinschools，officesandpublicplaces_across_China_3TohelpthelearningofChinese，Pinyinhas_taken_the_place_ofotherearlierR

31、omanizedspellings.4TheChinesewritingsystem_is_different_from_thatofmostwesternlanguages.5Thebesttitleofthispassageis“_The_Introduction_of_Mandarin_Chinese_”B阅读短文，捕捉信息，根据短文内容完成表格。Doyoufeelcoolandcalm？Ifyouranswerisno，yourenotalone.Intodayssociety，manypeoplefinditdifficulttoslowdown.Fastpacedlifestyle

32、smakeithardformanypeopletoreallyrelax.Thegoodnewsisthatyouneedntescapetoaniceplacetorelax.Youcanexperiencetheseinthemiddleofastressfilledlife.BetterthinkingTheabilityofrelaxationdependsmoreonyourthinkingthanyoursituation.Thenexttimewhenyousufferfromworry，thinkaboutthesituation.Whatistheproblem？Whati

33、sthecause？Mostimportantly，whatcanyoudoaboutit？Then，makean“actionplan”ora“todolist”tohelpyoufeellessworried.However，ifthesituationisnotinyourhands，youshouldletitgo.Takeawalk，exerciseandtalktoafriendtogetyourmindofftheproblem.AhabitofrelaxingEventhebusiestpeoplearrangeshortperiodsofrelaxationintotheir

34、timetable.Theydosobecausetheyknowitsnecessary.Thetimeyouspendrelaxingisanimportantperiod.A10minutebreakinthemiddleofalongworkdaycanincreaseyourproductivity(生产力)Youcanfindanactivity，suchasexercise，ahotbathorafavoriteTVshow，tomakeyoucometolife.Afewrestfulhoursofdoingsomethingyoureallyenjoymayhelpyouto

35、faceabusyweek.RestfulsleepUnfortunately，notbeingabletorelaxcausessomepeopletolosetheirmostimportantrest：sleep.Ifthatsyou，writeeverythinginyourdiarybeforegoingtobed.Writedownnotonlyproblemsbutalsopossiblesolutions.Thiscanhelpyoureleasethoughtsthatmightpreventyoufromgettingneededsleep.Finally，recogniz

36、eyourdisadvantages.Youcantdoeverythingperfectly，butyoucangettherestandrelaxationyouneedtodomanythingsbetter.Title：Waysto1._Feel_Relaxed_Whenyousufferfromworry，thinkabouttheBetterthinkingAhabitofrelaxingsituation.2._Making_an_“action_plan”_ora“todolist”canhelpyoufeellessworried.Afewrestfulhoursmayhel

37、pyoutofaceabusyweek，eventhebusiestpeopleknow3._its_necessary_toarrangeshortperiodsofrelaxationintotheirtimetable.Beforegoingtobed，writedownbothRestfulsleep4._problems_and_possible_solutions_inyoudiary.Thiscanhelpyougetneededsleep.Youcan5._do_many_things_better_bygettingtherestandrelaxationyouneedtho

38、ughyoucantdoeverythingperfectly.2019备考猜押AWhenyousleepsomewhereelse,likeatasummercamporafriendshouse,youknowyourethereforafuntime.Butforsomekids,whentheyareawayfromhometheyfeelsad.Theystarttomisstheirownbeds,theirownparents,andallthethingsathome.Itscalledbeinghomesick.Doyouwanttofeellesshomesick?Thef

39、ollowingcanhelpyou.Spendmoretimeindoingfunthings.Themorefunthingsyoudo,thelesstimeyoullfeelhomesick.Sotrytotakepartinactivitiesandsoonyoumightstarttohaveagoodtime.Youcanmakeaplantocallyourmumordad.Foranightvisit,maybeyoucancalloncethatnight,andagaininthemorning.Inthecamp,youmightsetaregulardayandtim

40、eforaphonecallhome.Youcanalsosendemailsorshortmessagestokeepintouch(保持联系)withfamilyandfriends.Ifyouregoingtobeawayforawhile,youmightevenwritealetter!Whenyougetintouchwithsomeone,makesuretotellthemaboutthefunthingsyouredoing!Sometimes,justtellsomeonethatyourefeelinghomesick.Thiswillhelpyoufeelbetter.

41、Maybeyoucantellafriendthatyoufeelhomesick.Andthetwoofyoucandosomethingfun,suchastellingjokes.Ifyoureatcamp,acampcounselor(顾问)wouldbeagoodpersontotalkto.Heorshemighthavesomeideastohelpyoufeelbetter.Title：HowtoDealwithHomesicknessWhentofeelWhenyouare1._away_from_home_，youmightfeelhomesickhomesick.Find

42、3._fun_things_Trytotakepartinalotofactivities.Makeaplantocallyourparents.2._(Some)_ways_toSendemailsor4._short_messages_toyourhelpyoufeellessfamilyandfriends.homesickWritealetterifyouareawayforawhile.Youwillfeelbetterifyou5._talk_to/tell_someone_，suchasafriendoracampcounselor.BTheYellowRiverisknowna

43、sthemotherriverbyalltheChinesepeople，the5，464kilometer(about3，395miles)YellowRiveristhesecondlongestriverinChinaaftertheYangtzeRiver.TheheadwatersofthismightyriverlieinKunlunMountainsinnorthwesternQinghaiProvince.ItrunsthroughnineprovincesandautonomousregionsonitswaytotheBohaiSea.ItisnotexaggeratingtosaythatYellowRiverisameltingpot，becausetherearemorethan30branchesandcountlessstre