大学英语综合教程4 第1单元

1、Unit one Fighting With the Forces of Nature共三十六页Detailed reading from para 3-11Please note down the important information according to the outline below. the begining of war time the number of soldiers expectationthe first battletime place casualty where is Smolenskthe second battletime place casual

2、tythe third battle共三十六页共三十六页In the spring of 1812; 600,000; five weeks; Neman river (Russians refused to stand and fight)In August; at Smolensk; 10,000 dead on each side (faced with a crucial decison whether to pursue)In Sep.; at Borodino; 112 kilometers west of Moscow; 30,000 French and 44,000 Russ

3、ians lay dead or woundedclear path to Moscow; offer a truce; in Oct.; retreat; minus 4 degrees celsiusin Nov.; first snow; Berezina River; 50,000共三十六页friendly remindersefficient / confident of / bogged down / take the gamble of / nightmare / fall dead / lay wounded/ take ill / become struck / trappe

4、d / aliance共三十六页1. efficient adj. 有效(yuxio)的；效率高的 (line 15)efficiency n. 效率efficient adj. 效率高的 effect n. 效果effective adj. 有效的该药对感冒有特效.This medicine is specially effective against cold.这台新复印机比那台旧的效率高。This new copy machine is more efficient than the old one. 共三十六页conquest (line 16)n. conquering, defea

5、t 1占领；2征服 3战利品；赢得（物）4（尤指）爱情的俘虏；conquer vt. 占领；攻取(gngq)；攻克conqueror n. 征服者The conquest of Aids is the aim of many scientific workersThe conquest of difficulties takes time.Her beauty won her many conquests.Northern China once beame the conquest of Japan.共三十六页D R _ word _ conquest 1conquest: n. conque

6、ring, defeat Hitler badly miscalculated when he assumed the conquest of the USSR would be simple. The year 1939 had witnessed the conquest of Poland by Germany.1939 年德国征服(zhngf)了波兰。conquest 指获取胜利或征服，把失败者置于控制之下。triumph 着重指胜利或成功的辉煌。victory 普通用词，主要指在战争、斗争或竞赛中获得的 胜利，强调(qing dio)艰辛与成功。conquest, triumph &

7、 victory 这三个词都是名词，均含有“胜利”之意。CF:共三十六页D R _ word _ conquest 2Directions: Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the form where necessary.1. Under the leadership of the Party, we are marching from to . 2. The Yangtze Bridge is a great of modern civil engineering. 3. It was a of human intellect

8、, and also international cooperation and communication.4. In process of time, Rome became a great empire by . victory_victory_triumph_triumph_conquest_共三十六页decisive (line 19)adj. ；1)决定性的; 2)果断的,坚定的辨析decided “已经决定了的”、“明确的”； decisive意为“决定性的”decided victorydecisive victoryE.g. Their reform is a decided

9、 victory, but whether it is a decisive one only time can tell.他们的改革取得了成功(chnggng)，但是否是决定性的胜利只能用时间来回答。共三十六页be/get bogged down (line 22)be unable to make progress陷入泥潭；阻碍bog n. 沼泽 注意 做动词用于get bogged down 句型较多The tractor is bogged down in the mud.有些母亲因孩子太多而陷入困境。 Some mothers are bogged down by having to

10、o many children. 2)If you let yourself get bogged down in paper work, youll never find time to deal with the really important issues如果(rgu)你连文字工作都难以应付，你就不会有机会去处理真正重要的问题。共三十六页engage (line 24)vt., vi.与交战；使从事；占用（时间、精力等); 雇,聘 be engaged to sb.(与某人订婚） be engaged to do sth.（被雇来做） be engaged in doing sth.(

11、=engage in, engage oneself in)从事于咬合 衔接(xinji)This wheel engages with that wheel. 这个轮子与那个轮子衔接。engagement n. 订婚; engaging adj.引人注意共三十六页1)阅读占去了我所有的空余(kn y)时间。 Reading engages all my spare time.2) 她正忙于写回忆录。She is engaged in writing her memoirs. 共三十六页辨析 face (the difficulty)主动应对困难 be faced with (the diff

12、iculty)面临困难Phrases: in the face of 面对，在前面 on the face of it从表面上来看 put a good face on it装作若无其事(ru w q sh) save (ones) face挽回面子 pull a long face拉长脸（显出不喜欢 或不高兴的样子）；拉下脸 make a face at sb. 共三十六页crucial (line 27)adj.极重要(zhngyo)的；有决定性的俚妙极了的critical, decisive, e 1) be crucial to/for 对来说至关重要 2) it is crucial

13、 that(should)It is crucial that Napoleon make the right decison. 共三十六页take a gamble (line 30)take a risk冒险(mo xin) gamble on 把赌注押在上,冒.的风险I gamble on the weather being fine on Saturday. gamble away赌掉,输光She has had two kidney transplants, and now her family are gambling on the last operation. 共三十六页pre

14、ss on/ahead (line 30)used in the pattern: press on/ahead (with sth.) 继续(jx)进行（不顾困难） E.g. 1) 救援队在黑暗中继续搜救,尽管有余震的危险。The rescue workers press ahead with their search in the dark regardless of the danger from aftershock. Despite opposition ,the Obma government is pressing on with its medicare reforms.共三十

15、六页occupation (line 36)辨析 career, occupation, vocation 职业(zhy),生涯; 职业(受训); 天职共三十六页minus prep. 减去；零下 adj. 负的；稍差的；阴性的 n. 负号；减号(jin ho)；负数 + plus prep. add v- Minus prep. subtract v.例句： A plus B is C.e.g. If you add A to B, you get C.例句：A minus B is C.If you subtract B from A, you get C.共三十六页stroke (lin

16、e 54)strike(打击,罢工) strive(努力,奋斗) stride(大步走)a stroke of luck一次走运a stroke of misfortune一次不幸a stroke of genius天才一举，非凡的创见at a (one) stroke 一下子，一举on the stroke of 正好是,准时的，准点的 have a stroke中分stroke a cat抚摸猫 stroke sb.down 平息(pngx)怒气 stroke sb. upShe swam with strong steady strokes. 她有力稳健的划动着手臂游动着。共三十六页at

17、 the cost of (line 55)at the expense of with the loss of以为代价(diji) at all costs不惜任何代价 (= at any cost)共三十六页alliance n.（抽象名词）联盟, 联合ally v.结盟(ji mng)；ally n.（具体名词）同盟国, 支持者；in alliance with 和联合起来共三十六页stragglevi. 1 落伍， 掉队keep up with the group. Dont straggle.2 到处蔓生(mn shn)（植物）Vines straggled over the yar

18、d. 共三十六页Abdicate Vi. Vt. 退位（君王(jn wn)） abdicate the throneVt. 渎职，未能承担责任 e.g. He abdicated all responsibility for the care of the child.共三十六页exile (line 61)n. 1流放(lifng); 2 被流放(lifng)者 in exile 被流放 go into exile send sb. into (in) exile 流放某人vt. 放逐 (多用被动） In the current era, Chinese dissidents are mos

19、tly exiled to USA, instead of the remote places. 共三十六页Part III Difficult Sentences Analysis (10 minutes)To his surprise, the Russians refused to stand and fight. (line 20) - 1)his surprise令他吃惊(ch jng)的是。注意这是一个固定结构to ones+表示感情的名词，再如：to ones dismay令某人失望的是； to my much regret 令我十分遗憾的是 -2) stand 抵抗，相当于re

20、sist。令他吃惊的是，俄国人并不奋起反抗。共三十六页Difficult Sentences Analysis2. Instead, they retreat eastward, burning their crops and homes as they went. (line 20)相反，他们一路(yl)东撤，沿途烧毁庄稼和居民。burning their crops and homes 现在分词短语作伴随情况状语 as they went是时间状语从句。eastward这里作为副词，相当于eastwards，此外它还可作为形容词，如：a eastward journey。共三十六页Diff

21、icult Sentences Analysis3. In august, the French and Russian armies engaged at Smolensk, in a battle that left over ten thousand dead on each side. (line 24)-engage 意为“交战”-over=more than -left 使役动词，类似(li s)的有：keep, let, make, have, find等到了8月，法俄两军在斯摩棱斯克交战，这一战役中，双方各有上万人阵亡。共三十六页Difficult Sentences Anal

22、ysis3. By nightfall, thirty thousand French and forty-four thousand Russians lay dead or wounded on the battlefield. (line 32)-by 后接时间状语，表示：到为止-lay 与dead 构词系表结构。类似：smell, feel, sound, taste; appear, turn, get, become, seem, prove, fall, remain, keep等-夜幕降临时, 3万名法国士兵和4万4千名(qin mn)俄国士兵或伤或亡，倒在了战场上。共三十六页

23、Difficult Sentences Analysis4.Of the six hundred thousand soldiers Napoleon had led into Russia, less than one hundred thousand came back. (line57)-of +数量词+n.表示“ 在中”E.g. 在所有80学生(xu sheng)中，他是个子最高的。-less than=no more than不多于，或少于-拿破仑发兵60万向俄国进军，只有不到10万士兵返回。共三十六页Difficult Sentences Analysis5. Napoleon abdicated and went into exile, his empire at an end. (line 61)-his empire at an end 是独立主格结构(jigu)拿破仑推诿去过流放生活，他一手打造的帝国随之灭亡。共三十六页独立(dl)主格结构n/pron +非谓语动词（ger, -ing, -ed)/adj./adv./prep./n.E.g. 1)Our minds be