鲜活农产品的供应链管理SupplyChainManageppt课件

1、鲜活农产品的供应链管理Supply Chain Managementof Perishable Products甜瓜供应链管理案例甘肃农业大学 Gansu Agricultural University张艳荣April 2005 供应链管理是什么？What is Supply Chain Management?在消费者与消费者之间建立链条Developing a chain that links producers with consumers经过消费过程、行销过程及市场向消费者提供具有竞争力的产品Production, distribution and marketing processes

2、 providing competitive product to consumer供应链管理是什么What is Supply Chain Management?两个关键点2 key functions:A)改良农产品的质量及减少损失率以提高供应链管理的效率 operational efficiency in logistics for improvement in quality and reduction in lossesB)制定战略与链条成员间关系的管理 strategic decision making and relationship management between cha

3、in members1.实施供应链管理的效率 Operational Efficiency目的- 减少甜瓜采收后的损失率To minimize postharvest losses方法- 经过系统分析鉴别损失率高的环节和多余的环节Identify high loss points and poor product flow through systems analysis绘制产品流程图Map the flow of product- process flow chart描画每个处置环节Describe each handling process在每个环节检测损失率Measure losses

4、at each point产品流程的案例Example of Product Flow Chart甜瓜从田间到市场的流程melons pass though a number of processes on way to consumer每个环节都做些什么What happens at each point?每个环节能否都有效Is it efficient? 甜瓜供应链成员的关系Relationship in the supply chain Farmer Farmer Farmer Farmer Farmer Farmer Farmer Farmer Farmer Collector Col

5、lector Collector Wholesaler Wholesaler Wholesaler Retailer Retailer Retailer 步骤分析Analysis of Each Step采收Harvest产质量量Quality of product - 成熟度，瓜病，大小，平安杀虫剂maturity, disease, size, pesticide safety机械损伤Mechanical damage冷害损伤Physiological damage - 温度temperature延期采收Delays 步骤分析Analysis of Each Step包装Packaging

6、分级Grading适当的防护Adequate protection适当的大小Suitable size步骤分析Analysis of each Step运输Transport 温度 Temperature 运输期Time to market 机械损伤率Mechanical losses步骤分析运输Analysis of each Step - Transport步骤分析Analysis of each Step市场Market市场不同对甜瓜质量要求不同Different market for different quality温度Temperature出卖的时间Time to sell瓶颈在哪

7、里Bottle necks?链条上每个环节的损失率What were losses at each step? 供应链各环节 损失率瓜农收获过程 9.1收买商的收买过程 很低零售商运输过程 11零售商销售过程 12消费者的消费过程 5 37.1资料来源：根据ACIAR“甜瓜采后疾病控制甜瓜供应链管理研讨工程如何降低损失率How to Minimize Losses? 建立产质量量管理体系Implement a quality management scheme提供产品阐明书Provides specifications of product实施阐明书的过程Processes to achiev

8、e specifications消费者一直有平安的食品Consumer has consistent and SAFE product什么是产品的质量What is Quality?进展预期消费者座谈Meeting consumer expectations符合消费者的期望Conforming to expectations可事先确定质量一致性Predictable uniformity对消费者来讲，平安可靠，本钱较低Dependability, at low cost to consumer哈密瓜的成熟目的规范Maturity Indices for Hami?色泽Colour 由绿至黄gr

9、een through to yellow瓜须的枯燥程度Dryness of tendrils个体的大小与外形Size and shape含糖量Sugar content what % is acceptable花期后的天数Days after flowering?哈密瓜成熟度规范Maturity Indices for Hami?可以用瓜表皮的色泽对比看其糖分含量Can you plot colour against sugar %可以用瓜表皮的色泽不同反响瓜的成熟度Can you develop a chart of photographs1234如何进展质量管理What is quali

10、ty Management?建立一套质量规范体系Documented sets of procedures that allow consistent products of desired quality 编制质量手册Quality Manual对每个步骤进展监视与记录Monitoring and recording at each step e.g. harvest, transport and storage temp, spray records etc2.供应链成员间的关系 Relationship Management关键是经过协作，如何才干给消费者提供最好的产品Focus is

11、on how to work together to deliver a top quality product to the consumer焦点是坚持长期的关系而非一次性的买卖Focus on long term relationships not one-off transactions最中心的问题是链条成员间的信任Main key is trust between members 农产品供应链的特征Characterisitcs of SCM协作Collaborative information flows between members on which cvs to grow, a

12、gronomic practices, how product performed in market all aimed at improving performance买卖较少Fewer involved in transactions买卖关系更稳定Business relationships more stable 农产品供应链的特征Characteristics of SCM通常有一个链条的管理者Often involves a channel manager e.g. wholesaler linking supply from growers to consumers这个管理者往往

13、会获得较大的收益Channel manager is usually one with highest profit vested interest in making it work农产品供应链中的价值链Characteristics of SCM -Value Chain关键问题是供应链同伴之间的利益分配Focus on the distribution of values among supply chain partners建立一种有益的观念或思想，即了解新技术或措施的运用及其所带来的附加本钱的分担A helpful concept to understand adoption of

14、innovations Distribution of profits among supply chain partners when they share (C, D) or do not (B) share costs/profits of innovation. Retailer profit Retailer cost Agent fee Grower profit Innovation cost Grower cost BCDA甘肃省黄河蜜瓜的供应链The supply chains of Huang-he melon in Gansu provinceGROWERS农民AGENT

15、SMERCHANTS收买商WHOLESALERS零售商RETAILERSSUPERMARKETS零售商GROWERS农民RETAILERS零售商如何建立可行的供应链 How to form supply chains that work农民 Farmers消费优良质量的甜瓜Adopt proper cultural practices and technologies to grow quality fruit有长久的目光，建立声誉Have a long term vision of their business and aim to establish a reputation and cr

16、edibility for their business农民成立团体，添加供货量，彼此学习Work together in groups to gain a greater volume and to share info and learn from each other买卖商 Traders有长久的目光， 情愿与农民长期协作Have a long term interest in their business and develop long term relationships with farmers参与采后技术的研发 Be interested in involved in post

17、harvest handling technologies and issues提供市场信息给农民Offer market info to farmers政府及推行人员 Extension officers协助农民及零售商，适时举行推行会Farmers and traders will require facilitation to make changes to form supply chains, e.g., training workshops试用参与方式 Embrace a participatory approach对本身的任务及角色有兴趣，不半途而废They need to be

18、 committed to their role and follow through their tasks供应链管理的优势Advantages of SCM竞争存在于不同的供应链之间而非单个的组织Whole chains become competitive rather than individuals在同一链条上成员之间能更公平的分享收益Those in same chain share more equitably in profits一切的风险承当者都会给予报答Delivers benefits to all stakeholders -尽能够维护消费者利益 Optimizes benefits to consumers -尽能够报答风险投资者 Optimizes returns to stakeholders供应链管理的优势Advantages of SCM可以从农民处预先获得部分供应 Provides adequate and predictable supply from growers产