2017年高考英语人教版一轮复习习题选修6 Unit 4 含解析

1、第一部分选修六Unit4.阅读理解A(2016江南十校联考)导学号01831112HasifaNakaziba,amemberofseven,hasreliedonfarmingcornandbeanstosupportherfamilyforyears.Buteachyearshewouldlose30%ofherharvestaspestsaffectedhergrain,takingtheirshareofthefoodbeforeitreachedthedinnertable“Fromnowhererats,chickensandinsectswouldcomeandeatit，”sa

2、idNakaziba,wholivesinNambalevillage,about85mileseastofthecapital,Kampala.Likemanyfarmers,Nakaziba,47,lackedsomedryingfacilities(设施)forthegrainandsowoulddryitonthegroundbeforestorage,unawarethatthiscouldleadtodeadlydestructionofthegrain.Herinabilitytosafelystoreherharvestalsoforcedhertosellhergrainea

3、rly,whichmeantNakazibareceivedaverylowpricefromthelocalmarket.“Itaffectedourincome,foodsecurityandalsotheeducationofourchildren，”shesays.Thenin2014Nakazibaslifechanged.Shereceivedtraininginpost-harvesthandlingfromtheUNsWorldFoodProgramme(WFP),whichlaunchedanoperationdesignedtoreducepost-harvestfoodl

4、ossesfor16,600low-incomefarmersinUgandabyprovidingthemwithsimplestoragefacilities,suchasgranariesandgrainstoragebags.Inaworkshop,Nakazibalearnedhowtoimproveherfarmmanagementpracticesandpurchasenewtechnologystorageandhandlingequipment.TodayahugeairtightgranaryallowingNakazibatosafelystoremorethan500k

5、gofgrainforaslongasshedesires,forfamilyconsumptionorsale,sitsinacornerofhermodesthome.文章大意：由于联合国世界计划署的计划，一个坎波拉的农民在如何收藏粮食谷物方面获得了实惠。1WhywouldNakazibasharvestdropby30%eachyear?ABecauseshereceivedlittleeducation.BBecauseshesoldhergrainatalowprice.CBecausesomepeststooktheirshareofthefood.DBecausetheharve

6、stwasunabletobestoredsafely.答案：C细节理解题。根据第一段第二句话“Buteachyearshewouldlose30%ofherharvestaspestsaffectedhergrain,takingtheirshareofthefoodbeforeitreachedthedinnertable.”可知，选C。2Whatcanweinferfromthetext?ANakazibabenefitsfromtraininginpost-harvesthandlingfromtheWFP.BNakazibapreferstodrygrainonthegroundbe

7、forestorage.CNakazibasfoodsecuritydependsonthehighincome.DNakazibasellshergrainearlierthanotherseveryyear.答案：A推理判断题。根据第五段第二句话“hereceivedtraininginpost-harvesthandlingfromtheUNsWorldFoodProgramme(WFP),whichlaunchedanoperationdesignedtoreducepost-harvestfoodlossesfor16,600low-incomefarmersinUgandabypr

8、ovidingthemwithsimplestoragefacilities”可知，选A。3Whatdosetheunderlinedword“granaries”inparagraph5mean?AplacesforlayingequipmentBlargehousesforstoringgrainCmachinesusedforharvestingDwaystoreducefoodlosses答案：B猜测词义题。根据最后一段第一句话“TodayahugeairtightgranaryallowingNakazibatosafelystoremorethan.”可知，选B。B(2015深圳一

9、调)导学号01831113Anabsolutedescriptionofthethreathangingovertheworldsmammals,reptiles,amphibians(哺乳、爬行、两栖动物)andotherlifeformshasbeenpublishedbythewell-knownscientificjournal,Nature.Aspecialanalysiscarriedoutbythejournalindicatesthatanastonishing41%ofallamphibiansontheplanetnowfaceextinctionwhile26%ofmam

10、malspeciesand13%ofbirdsaresimilarlythreatened.Manyspeciesarealreadycriticallyendangeredandclosetoextinction,includingtheSumatranelephant,Amurleopardandmountaingorilla.Butalsoindangerofvanishingfromthewild,itnowappears,areanimalsthatarecurrentlyratedasmerelybeingendangered.Ineachcase,thefingerofblame

11、pointsdirectlyathumanactivities.Thecontinuingspreadofagricultureisdestroyingmillionsofhectaresofwildhabitats(栖息地)everyyear,leavinganimalswithouthomes,whiletheintroductionofnewly-comespecies,oftenhelpedbyhumans,isalsodamagingnativepopulations.Atthesametime,pollutionandoverfishingaredestroyingoceaneco

12、systems.“Habitatdestruction,pollutionoroverfishingeitherkillsoffwildcreaturesandplantsorleavesthembadlyweakened，”saidDerekTittensor,anoceanecologistattheWorldConservationMonitoringCentreinCambridge.“Thetroubleisthatincomingdecades,theadditionalthreatofworseningclimatechangewillbecomemoreandmorecommo

13、nandcouldthenkilloffthesesurvivors.”Theproblem,accordingtoNature,isworsenedbecauseofthehugegapsinscientistsknowledgeabouttheplanetsbiodiversity.Evaluationsofthetotalnumberofspeciesofanimalsandplantsalivevaryfrom2millionto50million.Inaddition,evaluationsofcurrentratesofspeciesdisappearancesvaryfrom50

14、0to36,000ayear.“Thatistherealproblemweface，”addedTittensor.“Thescaleofuncertaintyishuge.”Intheend,however,thedataindicatethattheworldisheadingcruellytowardsamassextinctionwhichisdefinedasoneinvolvingalossof75%ofspeciesormore.Thiscouldarriveinlessthanahundredyearsorcouldtakeathousand,dependingonextin

15、ctionrates.文章大意：这是一篇科普文。世界著名科学杂志自然作了一个特别分析，用一些惊人的数据说明世界上一些动植物正面临灭绝，同时指出，造成灭绝的直接原因是人类的破坏活动。4Whatsthemainideaofthefirsttwoparagraphs?AFiguresaboutsomewildanimalsareastonishing.B“Nature”isthefamousjournalaroundtheworld.CManyendangeredspeciesareclosetoextinction.DSomerarespecieshaveappearedaroundtheworl

16、d.答案：C主旨大意题。根据文章第一段中的“anastonishing41%ofallamphibiansontheplanetnowfaceextinctionwhile26%ofmammalspeciesand13%ofbirdsaresimilarlythreatened”以及第二段中的“Manyspeciesarealreadycriticallyendangeredandclosetoextinction”可知，许多动物面临灭绝的困境。故答案为C。5Thedirectreasonfortheextinctionofsomespeciesis_.Acontinuousappearanc

17、eofnewspeciesBdestructiveactivitiesofhumanbeingsCmoreandmorehomelessanimalsDthegreatchangeofoceanecosystems答案：B细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“Ineachcase,thefingerofblamepointsdirectlyathumanactivities”可知，在每一种情况下，人类的活动都是应该直接遭到责备的，也就是说，人类的活动是一些动物灭绝的直接原因。故答案为B。6Fromparagraph4weknowthatanotherfuturethreatis_.Adestructi

18、onofhabitatsBoverfishingandpollutionCtheworseningclimatechangeDkillingoffwildcreaturesandplants答案：C细节理解题。根据文章第四段最后一句“Thetroubleisthatincomingdecades,theadditionalthreatofworseningclimatechangewillbecomemoreandmorecommonandcouldthenkillofthesesurvivors”可知，不断恶化的气候变化是一个未来威胁。故答案为C。7Whatdoes“This”inthela

19、stsentencereferto?AmassextinctionBextinctionratesCextinctiontimeD75%ofspeciesormore答案：A代词指代题。根据文章最后一段可知，This指的是上句中的“amassextinctionwhichisdefinedasoneinvolvingalossof75%ofspeciesormore”，massextinction意思是“大量消亡，大灭绝”。故答案为A。.七选五导学号01831114根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余项。321GREEN!Youalreadyknowan

20、environmentaliststhreeRs:reduce,reuse,recycle._1_HerearethreethingsyoucandofortheEarthDay.Bearealcut-upThenexttimeyoureabouttothrowouttheplasticringsthatholdasix-packofsodatogether,reachforapairofscissors.Asayoungturtle,Peanutgotstuckinoneofthoserings.Asshegrew,theringstayedput(原地不动),forcinghershell

21、togrowaroundit.Bythetimesomeonefoundherandcutherfree,hershellwaspermanentlydeformed(成畸形的).Thankstoherhardshell,Peanutisaliveandwell.ShenowlivesatanaturecenterinMissouri.Butmostanimalsthatgetcaughtinsix-packringsdie.WHATYOUCANDOEasy!_2_Huntforvampires(吸血鬼)Youknowallthoseelectronicinventionsyouvegotat

22、home?Evenwhenyouswitchthemoff,theyrereallystillon._3_AnythingwithaglowingLEDoff/onlight,aremotecontrol,oraclockdisplayisalwayson.WHATYOUCANDOJustpullouttheplugsortaptheOFFswitchtillyoureallyneedtheelectronics._4_MattDamonreallycaresaboutcleanwater.SoinFebruary,heannouncedthathewasgoingonstrikeagains

23、ttoilets.“Untileverybodyhasaccesstocleanwaterandsanitation，”hesaid.“Iwillnotgotothebathroom！”Hewaskiddingbuttomakeaseriouspoint.Aroundtheworld,hesaid,“780millionpeoplelackaccesstocleanwater;2.5billionpeoplelackaccesstoatoilet.”WHATYOUCANDO_5_Justdontwastewater.Dontrunthewaterwhilebrushingyourteeth.T

24、akeshortershowers.AGetwaterwiseBHowtorecognizevampireelectronics?CCuttheringsapartbeforeyoutrashthem.DUsetoiletslessEButhowelsecanyouhelp.FNoneedtogoonatoiletstrike.GDothingsthatcanhelpwithgoodlivingconditions.文章大意：本文是说明文。你能为绿色环保生活做什么？文章告诉你的3件事你一定能做到。1E注意前后两句中反复出现的you，以及下文出现的WHATYOUCANDO。很明显，文章的中心思想

25、是让“你”能够做到文章中提到的3点，因此答案为E。本题容易错选G，其在衔接前后两句时并不显得突兀，但其含义却有失偏颇，提到的仅仅是生活条件，与主题不符，故不选C。2C对比下文中两个WHATYOUCANDO可知，设空处提出的是具体的解决办法。本题指怎样做才能避免像海龟Peanut一样的悲剧，因此答案为C。3B这里用vampire比喻那些被忽略的耗电设备，B切题。4A这里缺一个标题，由后面的内容可知，节约用水是中心思想。美国影星MattDamon通过自己的例子告诉大家不要浪费水，因此答案为A。5F本题干扰项较多，选择正确答案的方法是把握住中心思想。中心思想是节约用水，同时注意后一句中出现的Just

26、一词，这里提示与设空处的语意有一定的转折关系，由此可以筛选出正确答案为F。.短文改错导学号01831115假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加，删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号()，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用()划掉。修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。(2015甘肃省二诊)Recently,smogweatherhasbecamemoreandmoreseriousinp

27、artsofChina.Peopleforcedtowearmaskstoavoidbreathepoisonousair.Tosettlethisproblem,theseriesofmeasuresshouldbetaken.First,weshouldenact(颁布)morestrictlawonenvironmentalprotectiontoregulatetheindustrialproductionandpunishthosefactorieswhatignoretheprotection.Second,weshoulddevelopenvironmentally-friend

28、lyproductstoimproveairquality.Besides,peopleshouldbuildupprotectionawarenesstoformahabitbyusinggreenproductsorsavingenergy.Inmyopinion,ifweallacttogether,theirenvironmentwillbecomemorebetter.答案：Recently,smogweatherhasbecamemoreandmoreseriousinpartsofChina.Peoplebecomeareforcedtowearmaskstoavoidbreathepoisonousair.Tosettlethisproblem,theseriesofbreathingameasuresshouldbetaken.First,weshouldenact(颁布)morestrictlawonenvironmentallawsprotectiontor