初中英语时态小结 (2)

1、时态复习 Revision of tense一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时一般将来时现在完成时一般现在时态 一般现在时态的陈述句概念：一般现在时态表示的是经常反复发生的动作或存在的状态。eg: I am a teacher .You are a worker.She/He is a student .We/You/They are students.1.Be 的用法：I用 am， you用are， is用于他(he)、她(she) 、它(it)，复数(we,you,they)全部都用are1、一般动词，在词尾加 s ; 如： work-works, live-lives, play-plays

2、, sing- sings. eg: She lives in Ningbo. 她住在宁波。2、以s/x/sh/ch/o 等字母结尾的动词，词尾加 -es ， teach- teaches, wash- washes. eg: My mother washes the coat. 我母亲洗了大衣。行为动词do一般现在时第三人称单数（he,she,it) 的构成规则：2.行为动词： DO 和DOESII 一般现在时的否定式1.Be 动词的否定式: be + notI am a teacher. You are a workerShe is a doctorWe are friends.Im no

3、t a teacherYou arent a workerShe isnt a doctor.We arent friends.is not=isntare not=arent 否定句2.(do)当主语是单数第三人称时，它与助动词DOES有关，但是动词谓语一定要恢复为原形。当主语是其他人称时，它与助动词DO有关。I like English.She likes it very much.We go to work by bike.I dont like English.She doesnt like it very much.We dont go to work by bike.否定句概念：用

4、 yes 或 no 来回答的疑问句叫做一般疑问句。一般疑问句句首的第一个词一般读得比较重。III一般疑问句I am a teacher. Are you a teacher?You are a worker. Are you a worker?He is a student. Is he a student?We are friends. Are you friends?1.对于BE 动词，疑问句要求把BE 提前，第一人称的单数和复数（I/WE），第一变成第二人称。疑问句2.对于实义动词，疑问句要求是：当主语是他(he)，她(she)，它(it)时，句子前面加DOES，并把动词恢复原形；当主语

5、是其他人称时，句前加DO ，第一人称(I/we)换第二人称(you)。I often go there.You like the music.He goes to work by bus .We /You/They like it.Do you often go there ?Do you like the music?Does he go to work by bus ?Do you/they like it?. 特殊疑问句特殊疑问句在考试中涉及得比较多，主要以选择和转换句型为主，首先要掌握一些常用疑问词的意思如：what（什么）,when, what time（什么时间）, who（谁）,

6、 where（在哪里）, why（为什么）, how（怎样）, how many+可数名词的复数（多少）， how long（多长时间）, how often（多久一次） 等，其次掌握它的语序，即就是特殊疑问词+一般疑问句语序（Who）除外一、疑问词+ 一般疑问句句序： Where are you from? Im from the north. What do you want? I want the books on your desk.特殊疑问句的语序一般过去时态 一般过去时态的定义动词的一般过去时态表示过去发生的动作、情况或存在的状态。行为动词（即实义动词）的过去式一般没有人称和数的变

7、化。谓语动词的构成形式 一般过去时的谓语动词有be动词 和行为动词两种基本形式 规则动词过去式的构成be动词和行为动词两种基本形式 be动词（或系动词be）的过去式为was和were两个。 行为动词的过去式，其变化分为规则和不规则的两种。规则动词过去式的构成 一般动词原形末尾加-ed。如：looklooked, staystayed ;以e结尾的动词只加-d。如：hopehoped, livelived; 末尾只有一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节的动词，应先双写这个辅音字母，再加-ed.如：stopstopped, plan(计划) planned; 规则动词过去式的构成 结尾是“辅音字母+y”的

8、动词，先将y改为i,再加-ed. 如：studystudied, carrycarried. ed(或-d)的读音：在清辅音结尾的词后读t.如：workworked w kt, help helped helpt; 在浊辅音和元音后读d。如：callcalledkld, play played pled; 在t和d音后面发d。如：wantwantedwntd，need needed ni:dd.一般过去时态常见的基本用法 1.表示在过去时间里发生的动作或存在的状态 Liu Jie got up at 7: 10 this morning. He was a student three year

9、s ago. 一般过去时态常见的基本用法 2表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。Zhang Yaru always went to school by bike last term.一般过去时态常见的基本用法 3表示已故人所做的事情。Comrade Lei Feng did good deeds all his life. (雷锋同志做了一生的好事。)一般过去时态常见的基本用法 4.表示过去所发生的一系列的动作，而这一系列的动作是从现在的角度来考虑的，不是从动作相互之间的关系这一角度来考虑的。 Miss Liu got up at seven oclock this morning, dressed

10、, had breakfast, and went to work. Be was/wereDo did 一般过去时表在过去某个特定时间发生且完成的动作，或过去习惯性动作，不强调对现在的影响，只说明过去。常跟明确的过去时间连用，如：yesterday; last week; in 1945, at that time; once; during the war; before; a few days ago; when, 现在进行时定义:表示现在正在进行的动作.结构:be (is, am, are) +doing常见时间状语:now, 或动词look, listeneg: We are hav

11、ing an English class now.否定句：We arent having .一般疑问句：Are you having ?一般将来时定义:表示将要做的事或计划要做的事.结构:be(is ,am, are) going to do will/shall do (shall一般用于第一人称)时间状语:tomorrow (morning, afternoon, evening),next day (week, month, year), the day after tomorrow, in 2006 .Eg: They are going to have a football matc

12、h next week.现在完成时的构成: Have / has +动词过去分词1. 表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果.already, ever, yet, just, before, recently, these days, up to now, in the last few years等.现在完成时的用法(2个)经常与下列词语连用2. 表示过去发生的动作持续到了现在, 可能继续发展下去,常与for或since引导的时间状语连用.总结:非延续性动词在完成时的肯定句中不可与含for, since, how long等引导的时间状语连用, 要用别的词替换.come/arrive b

13、uy borrow die leave begin/start join bekeepbe deadbe away frombe onbe in/be a memberhave1.Mr. Black left China in 1990. Mr. Black _China since 1990.2.The hero died five years ago. The hero _ for five years.3.The meeting began two minutes ago. The meeting _ for two minutes.4.We borrowed two books las

14、t week. We _ the two books for a week.5. Sally joined the League two years ago. Sally _ the League for two years. 句型转换: (改为意思相同的句子)has been away from has been deadhas been onhave kepthas been in总结:have/has been to表示“到(去)过某地”,人已经回来. have/has gone to 表示“到某地去了”,人正在某地或在去某地的途中have/has been in 表示 “在某地呆多久”

15、, 常和表示一段时间的状语连用.3. for 与since接时间状语时的区别 1. A: What a nice dog! How long have you had it? B: _ two years. A. For B. Since C. In D. From 2. Miss Gao has taught in this school _ 1996. A. for B. at C. in D. since For后接时间段, since后接时间点或从句. 如: for two years; for six hours; for three days; for five minutes;

16、since three days ago; since 1997; since three days ago; since I came to Beijing 等. 总结:1. George _ French for ten years. A. had learned B. has learned C. will be learning D. learns2. Jack has studied Chinese in the school _ the year 2002. A. in B. since C. on D. byBB4. 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别一般过去时的时间状语：yesterday, the day before yesterday, last year, just now, then, last week, last month, an hour ago