1990年考研英语试题及答案

1、1990 年入学英语试题Section I Structure and VocabularyIn each question, decide which of the four choigiven will mostsuitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked. Put yourchoicehe ANSWER SHEET. (15 pos)EXAMPLE:I was caught the rain yesterday.ABCDin by withatANSWER: A1.Those two famis have b

2、een quarrelling each other for many years.ABCDtobetnagainstwith2.There are many things whose misuse is dangerous, bur it is hard tothink of anythingt canbe compared tobacco products.ABCDin with amongby3.“How often have you seen cases like this?” one surgeon asked another. “Oh, times,I guess,” was th

3、e reply.ABCDdred of dreds dreds ofdred4.Give me yourephone number I need your help.ABCDwhether unless sotin case5.You ABCDsang well last night. We hope youll sing . more betterstill better nicelybest6.Those people a general understanding of the situation.presentABCDlack ofare lacking of lackare in l

4、ack7.Alone in a deserted house, he was so busy with his research work he felt lonely.tABCDnothing but anything but all buteverything but8.Grace tears when she heard the sad news.ABCDbroke broke brokebrokeino offthrough9.Sherefused to the car keys to her husband until hehadpromisedhandhandto wear his

5、 safetybelt. inouthand downhand over10.Michael found it difficult to get his British jokes toAmerican audien.ABCDaround over acrossdown11.The ABCDbook contained a large of information. dealamountnumber sum12.Nowadays advertising costs are no longer in reasonable tothe ABCDtotal cost of the product.

6、proportioncorrelation connectioncorrespondence13.When she saw the clouds she went back to the house to her umbrella.ABCDcarry fetch bringreach14.We must sible.t the experiment is controlled as rigidly asABCDaresecureensureie15. He was knocked down by a car and badly .ABCDinjured damaged harmedruined

7、SectioReading ComprehenEach of the three passages below is followed by some questions. For each question there are four answers. Read the passages carefully and choosethe best answer to each of the questions. Put your choicehe ANSWERSHEET. (20 pos)Text1ay 1989, spahuttle “antis” released in outer sp

8、ace thespaceprobe“Megallan,” whichis nowon her15-monthandone-billion-kilometer flight to Venus. A new phase in spaceexploration has begun.The planet Venus is only slightly smallern Earth; it is the only t even comes close toother objecthe solarsystem, in fact,earths size. Venus has a similar density

9、, so it is probably made ofapproximay the same stuff, and is an atmosphere, complete withclouds. It isalso the closest planet to earth, and thus the most similar in distance from the sun. In short,Venus seems to justify its long-held nickname of “earths twin.”The surface temperature of Venus reaches

10、 some 900F. Added tot heis an atmospheric pre carbon dioxide (CO2)re about 90 times Earths: High overheadt passes for air is alayer of clouds, perhaps whose little drops consist mostly of sulfuric10 to 20thick,acid(H2SO4). Water is all but nonexistent.Born with so many fundamental similarities to ea

11、rth, how did Venus get to be so radicallydifferent: It is not just an academic matter. For all its extremes, Venus is a valuable laboratory forresearchers studyingthe weather and climate of earth. I transport and other mechanisms are gres no earths oceans, so the heat y simplified. In addition, thep

12、lanet Venus takes 243 earth-days to turn once on its axis, soingheat from the sun is added and distributed at a moreleisurely, observable pace.16. Venus is similar to Earth in .ABCDsize and density distance from the having atmosphereall of the abovesun17.The ABCDgreatest value inallow us to visitstu

13、dying Venus should be to .thereunderstand Earth better find a new source of energypromote a new space program18.The ABCDmain idea of this passage is about . problems of space travelscientific methods in space exploration the importance of Venus to Earthconditions on VenusText2Tourists were surprised

14、 to see a woman driving a huge orange tractor down one of Romesmain avenues. Italys political leaders and some ofits male union chiefs are said to have been evenmore puzzled to see the tractor was followed by about 200,000 women in a parading prott took moren three hours to snake through central Rom

15、e.Shouting slogans, waving flags and dancing to drumbeats, the womenhad come to the capital from all over Italy to demonstrate for “a for each of us, a different type of job, and a society withoutSo far, action to improve womens opportunities in employmenjob.”sbeenthe province of collective industri

16、al bargaining. “But there is a growing awarenesst this is notenough,” says a researcher on femalelabor at theernment-funded Institute for the Development ofProfesal Training for Workers.Women, who constitute 52 per cent of Italys population, today represent only 35 per centof Italys total workforce

17、and 33 per cent of the total number of Italians with jobs. However, their presence in the workplace is growing. The employment of women is expandingconsiderablyin servi, next to the public administration and commerceas their principal workplace. Offilsistics also showt womenhave also made significan

18、t strides in self-employment. More andmorewomen are goingo business for themselves. Many young women areturning to businessbecause of the growing overall inemployment. It is also a factt today many prejudihavedisappeared,sot bs and other finanl institutes make judgments on purely aring if it is a ma

19、n or a woman.he profess too. The number ofbusiness considerations withoSuch changes are occurringwomen doctors, dentists, lawyers, engineers and university increased two to three fold. Some of the changes areimmedia For example, women have appeared on the scene for theprofessors y visible. time asse

20、, railway workers and street cleaners.However, the present situation is far from satisfactory though some progress has been made. A breakthrough in equal opportunities for women is now demanded.19.The expres move “snake through central Rome” probably means “toABCDquietly through central Rome.”violen

21、tly through central Rome.”in aat along winding line through central Rome.”leisurely pace through central Rome.”20.Which ofthe following sements is NOT true?n men in Italy.ABCDThere aremore womenIn InInItaly, Italy,Italy,women womenaboutare chiefly employed in servi.are still at a disadvantage in emp

22、loyment. two-thirds of the jobs are held by men.21.About 200,000womenin Rome demonstrated for .ABCDmore job opportunitiesa greater variety of jobs “equal job, equal pay”boand B22.The ABCDbest title for this passage would be .The Role of Women is SocietyWomen WomenWomenDemonstrate for Equality in Emp

23、loymentaf-employed Profesalsand the Jobs MarketText3t talented children “burn themselves out”The old ideaheearly years, and, therefore, aresubjected to failure and at worst, mentalillness is unfounded. As a matter oct, the outstanding thingthappens to bright kids is adults.t they are very likely to

24、growo brightTo find this out, l, 500 gifted thirty-fifth year with theseresults:s were followed up to theirOn adultelligence tests, they scored as high as they had aschildren. They were, as agroup, in good health, physically and mentally.84 per cent of their group were married andseemed content with

25、 their lives.About 70 per cend graduated from college, though only 30 per centhad graduated withhonors. A few had even dropped out, but nearly half of these had returned to graduate. Of the men, 80 per cent were in oneof the profess or in business management orsemiprofesal jobs.Thewomenwhohadremaine

26、dsingle had office, business,orprofesaloccupations.The group hublished 90 books and 1,500 articles in scientific,scholarly, and literarymagazines and had collected more patents.In a material way they did not do badly either. Averagen 100e wasnconsiderably higher among the gifted people, espelly them

27、en,for the country as a whole, despite their comparative youth.In fact, far from being strange, most of the gifted were turning theirearly promiseopractical reality.23. The old idea early yearst talented children “burn themselves out”.heisABCDtrue inrefutedall sensesby the authormedically provena be

28、f of the author24. TheAsurvey of bright children was made to .find out wha adultsd happened to talented children when they becameB proveyearst talented children “burn themselves out”he earlydiscover the percentage of those mentally ill among the giftedprovet talented children never burn themselves o

29、ut25.elligence tests showedt .ABbright children were unlikely to be mentally healthybet ofn childhood and adulthood there was a considerable loss elligenceCDtalented children were mostwhen talented children grewlikely toe gifted adultso adults, they made low scoresSectioICloze TestFor each numbered

30、blhe following passage there are four choilabeled A, B, C, and D.Choose the best one and put your choice he ANSWER SHEET. Read the wholepassage before making your choice.(10 pos)No one knows for sure what the world would be likehe year 2001.Many books havebeen written26the future. But the 19th-centu

31、ryFrench novelist Jules Verne may be called afuturologisthe fullest27of the word. In his fantastic novels “A Trip to the Moon”and“80 Days Around the World,” he described with detail the aeroplaneand even the helicopter.These novels still have a greatraction28young readers of today because of their b

32、oldimagination andscientific accuracy.Below is a description of what our life will behe year 2001 aspredicted by a29writer.In 2001,complete mealhe home, cookers will be set so the touchof a switch.t you can cook aateviwill provide information on priat the30shopsas well as news andentertaent.phones w

33、ill bring pictures aswell as31toephone conversations.Machineswillcontroltemperature,lighting,entertaent,security alarms, laundry andgardening.Lighting will videdecorationaswellasAt work, robotswill take32most jobshe manufacturingindustries. Working will get longer; sixhourswill fall to und

34、er 30 hours ak. Holidaysks will be the normal annualholiday. Men and womenwill retire at the same age.Our leisure will be different of entertaent throughevitoo. The home wille the centerand electronic games. More peoplewill eat out in restaurants33they do today; also they will havea much wider varie

35、ty of food available. There will be a change of tastetowardsa more savoury-flavored.New synthetic foods will form a34part of peoples diets.Foreign travel will35;wer holidays wille morepopularn summer ones.Also non-stop flights from Britao Australia and New Zealand willbe easily available and muchche

36、r. Education wille increasinglymore importantneverbefore.26.ABCDin of aboutfor27.ABCDsense meaning detailimplication28.ABCDfor of ontowards29.ABtodaynowadaysCDpresent-daypresent30.ABCDnear nearby nearlynearer31.ABCDnoise sound tonetune32.ABCDto away offover33.ABCDnas whenwhile34.ABCDusual popular da

37、ilyregular35.ABCDadd increase raiseariseSectionIV Error-detection and CorrectionEach of the followingsentenhas four underlined parts. These partsare labeled A, B, C, and D. Identify the part of sentencetis incorrect and put your choicehe ANSWERSHEET. Then, withoutaltering the meaning of correction o

38、n the linethe sentence, write down yourhe ANSWER SHEET. (10 pos)EXAMPLE:You have to hurry upif you want to buy something becausetheresABhardly somethingleft.CDANSWER: C anything36.Alice was havingtrouble to controlthe children because therewere CAso manyof them.DB37.We were very much surprisedAthe r

39、oad.t thevillage Bwa chlong way Cfrom D38.Johns chance of being elected chairman ofthe committeeis far CABgreatern.D39.“We have wonagreat victoryABonour enemy,”the captain said.CD40.There are many valuable servi which the public are willingAto pay for , but which does not bring a return oney to theB

40、community.CD41.The law I am referring requiresAaccident insurance.t everyone who owns a car haveBCD42.“I considered it a honor tobe invited to address the meeting of CABworld-famous scientists,” said Professor Leacock.D43.Hewas seeing somebody Acreng BothehousethroughtheCopenwindow last night. D44.T

41、he reasonfor all the changes being made has not explained to usABCDyet.45.Even though theAchildrenpretended asleep , the nurses wereBo the room.notdeceivedwhenthey cameCDSection V Verb FormsFillhebls with the appropriate forms of the verbs givenhebrackets. Put youranswershe ANSWER SHEET. (10 pos)EXA

42、MPLE:It is highly desirable this college.t a new(appo)forANSWER: (should) be appoed46.Buying clothes (be) very time-consuming as you rarely findthingst fit you nicely.47.They keep represenling us it is of utmost importancet ourive (send) to theconference on schedule.48.I must call your attention to

43、the directions. Read them carefullyand a(instruct).49.Emma said in her lettert from you soon.d apprete (hear)I (call) to make an airline reservation, but I didnt.50.51.If Greg had tried harder to reach the op (nove) to pick him uphe boat.ite shore, we _52.After twenty years abroad, William came back

44、 only (find) his hometown severelydamaged in an earthquake.53. The lecture (begin), he left his seat soquietly speaker.t no one complainedt his leaving disturbed the54.The children were surprised when the teacher had them (close) their books unexpectedly.55. A new road will be built here, and theref

45、ore a number of houses (have todestroy).existingSection VI Chi-English TranslationTranslate the following senteno English (15 pos)56.你应该仔细核对全部资料，以避免严重错误。57.尽管这个实验复杂，他们决心按时把它完成。58.一切迹象表明这个人对这里发生的情况毫无所知。59.只有那些不怕的有可能在工作中取得卓越的成果。60.这篇作品与其说是短篇小说，不如说更像是报导。Section VIIEnglish-ChiTranslationRead the followi

46、ng passage carefully and then translate the sentenunderlinedo Chi. (20 pos)People have wondered for a long time how theiralities andbehaviors are formed. It isnot easy to explain why oneiselligent and another is not, or why one is cooperative andanother is competitive.Sol scientists are, of course,

47、extremelyerestedhesetypes of questions. (61) Theywant to explain whyossess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviors. There are noclear answers yet, but two distinct schools of thought on the matter have developed. As onemight expect, the two approaches are very different from each other

48、. The controversy is oftenconveniently referred to as “nature vs. nurture.”(62) Those who support the “nature” side of thebevet ouralities andbehavior patterns are largely determined bybiological factors. (63)t our environmens little, if anything,to do with our abilities, characteristics and behavio

49、r is central to this theory.Taken to an extreme, this theory maainst our behavior ispre-determined to such a greatdegree erned by our instincts.t we are almost compleyThose who support the “nurture” theory, education, are often calledbehaviorists. They claimt is, they advocate t our environmentis mo

50、re importantn our biologically based instincts in determininghow we will act. A behaviorist, B. F. Skinner, sees humans as beingswhosebehavior is almost compley shd by their surroundings. (64) Thebehavioristsmaaint,likemachines,humansrespondtoenvironmental stimuli as the basis of their behavior.Let

51、us examine the different explanations about one humancharacteristic,elligence, offered by the two theories. (65)Supporters of the “nature” theory insistt we are born wicertaincapacity for learningt is biologically determined. Needless to say:They dont bevet factorshe environmenve much influenceon wh

52、at is basically a predetermined characteristic. On the other hand,behaviorists arguet ourelligence levels are the product ofourexperien. (66) Behavioristggestt the child who is raisedin an environment where thereare many stimuli which develop his or hercapacity for appropriate responses will experiencegreaterellectualdevelopment.The sol and political implications of these two theories areprofound. (67) he UnitedSes, blacks often score below whites on standardizedelligence tests. This leads some “nature” proponentsto concludet blacks are biologically inferior to whites. (68)B