7-法律英语翻译汇总课件

1、Lecture Six Translation of Business & Legal Documents上海外国语大学北京外国语大学上海交通大学 北京大学 华东师范大学 北京第二外国语大学 厦门大学中南大学Contract契约&合同Mr.Foster died domiciled in England.福斯特先生死亡时住所在英格兰。Unless otherwise provided for herein, failure or delay on the part of any party to exercise any right, power or privilege under this

2、 Agreement shall not operate as a waiver thereof, nor shall any single or partial exercise of any right, power or privilege preclude further exercise thereof or exercise of any other right, power or privilege.1. Characteristics of Business & Legal Documents2. Translation techniques and skills1. Char

3、acteristics of Business & Legal DocumentsMartin Joos 按照语言使用的正式程度提出了五种变体：the frozen style庄重文体the formal style正式文体the consultative style商议文体the casual style随便文体the intimate style亲密文体action行动诉讼alienation疏远转让consideration考虑对价counterpart对方、对手有同等效力的副本satisfaction满意清偿、补偿execution执行签署、签订assignment任务权利或财产的转让

4、deed行为契约1）专业术语hand手签名instrument工具法律文件limitation限制时效negligence疏忽过失prejudice偏见损害presents呈现，礼物本法律文件avoidance逃避宣告无效save节省，救除了1）专业术语 日常用语词汇 法律文体词汇 make render want, need require subject, topic, matter question home residence imagine, picture visualize live reside before prior after subsequent but provide

5、d that2）. 惯用大词 除了专门术语外，法律语言的一个显著特征是用词庄重，多用大词，吕俊、侯向群先生对此做了系统的分析和比较。下面是英语中日常用语词汇和法律文体词汇的比较：日常用语词汇 法律文体词汇 place locality tell acquaint refer advert work function (v.) by itself in isolation show evince give denote wish desire think consider begin commence 3). 为了加强法律文体的庄重性与严肃性，在英语中还将平时极少见的古词语使用其中，一般这些词语

6、多为副词，而且多以复合型副词为主。Come hereApproach the benchCaught in the actArrested in flagrante delictoDeaddeceased 以here开头的词有： hereupon 于是 hereunder 下文 hereto 至此 hereof 在本文中 herewith 与此一道 herein 于此 hereafter 今后 hereat 由此 以there开头的词有： thereupon 在其上 thereunder 在其下 thereto 此外 thereof 由此 therewith 随即 therein 在那里 此外

7、还有一些以where开头的关系副词型的复合词: whereupon 据此 whereby 藉以 wherefore 为此 wherewith 用以 wherein 在那种情况下 whereof 关于那人（事，物） 这些词用来确指法律文本中的某一方或合同双方，使行文准确，从而提高法律文书的正式性。4)词语的叠用法律英语的古体性和正式性还表现在词汇的并列使用上，即同义词或近义词往往由or或and连接并列使用。这种词汇并列，同义重现的现象标明法律语言对词义正确，语义确凿的刻意追求，从而形成了法律语言的复杂性和保守性。Breaking and entering 闯入Goods and chattels

8、 私人财产Have and hold 持有Made and signed 签名的Will and testament 遗嘱5). 对代词严格限制 法律英语中，指人或物的词往往重复，而不使用代词，以避免代词指代不明而引起不同的理解与解释。The Author should bear the cost of any necessary fees for textual and illustrative permissions but the Publishers agree to pay such fees on the Authors behalf up to an agreed maximum

9、 amount and may deduct the same from my sums that may become due to the Author under this Agreement. 6）词语的对义性Buyer 买方Consigner 发货人Creditor 债权人Party A 甲方Right 权利Subject 主体Principal criminal 主犯(the) plaintiff 原告Seller 卖方Consignee 收货人Debtor 债务人Party B 乙方Obligation 义务Object 客体Accessorial criminal 从犯(the

10、) defendant 被告7). shall的使用 在法律文体中，shall具有特殊含义，表示“应当承担的责任和义务”, 带有指令性和强制性，充分体现了法律文件的权威性和约束性。可以用于各种时态。Should在法律问题中，不表示法律义务，只表示一般义务或道义上的义务，一般译为应该或应当A. 如在解释上遇有分歧，应以英文文本为准。B. 合营企业的一切活动应遵守中华人民共和国法律、法令和有关规定。C. 通过协商无法解决的争议应由争议方提交缔约各方，按本公约第五十五条的规定召开会议，该会审议并提出解决争议的建议。A. 如在解释上遇有分歧，应以英文文本为准。 In case of any diver

11、gence of interpretation, the English text shall prevail.B. 合营企业的一切活动应遵守中华人民共和国法律、法令和有关规定。 All the activities of a joint venture shall comply with the provision of the laws, decrees and pertinent regulations of the PRC.C. 通过协商无法解决的争议应由争议方提交缔约各方，按本公约第五十五条的规定召开会议，该会审议并提出解决争议的建议。 Any dispute which is no

12、t settled by negotiation shall be referred by the Contracting Parties in dispute to the Contracting Parties, meeting in conformity with Article 55 of this Convention, which shall thereupon consider the dispute and make recommendations for its settlements. E. 自9月20日起，甲方已无权接受任何定单或收据。 A： Party A shall

13、be unauthorized to accept any order or to accept any orders or to collect any account after September 20. B: Party A shall be unauthorized to accept any order or to accept any orders or to collect any account on and after September 20. 8) 在句法方面，法律文体长句多，几十个字、上百个字的长句司空见惯。为了使话语严谨，使用各种附加语、修饰语、说明语，以至句法成分

14、前后编插、枝杈横生，句子结构膨胀，语法关系复杂化，又是读起来不畅。行文中少用代词，宁可重复名词。 由于法律文件主要是下命令及做出规定，因此法律文件的谓语动词结构比较简单，最常见的是 “应该”，“可以”, “必须”,一般采用英文中与之对应的，也是英文法律英语常用的谓语动词结构“should/shall/may + do/have done/be done”在任一缔约国提出的保护发明的申请都可以按照本条约规定提出国际申请。Applications for the protection of inventions in any of the Contracting States may be fil

15、ed as international applications under this Treaty.法律文书的语言是强调指称功能的，即强调其外延性意义。由于英汉两种语言的结构方式和表达方式上的差别，在翻译时既要注意保持原意又不使译文过分艰涩难懂，让译文明确，又合乎法律文本的规范，严谨而不死板。在汉语的法律文本中，其词汇特点也有别于其它文本，如严肃性、规范性、质朴性等。因此，法律文本的翻译应遵循以下几个原则：1）语言明确，2）条理清晰，3）行文严谨，4）符合规范格式。2. Translation techniques and skills1) 陈述句法律文件的职能决定了其表述的动词词义的范围比

16、较狭窄。谓语动词中较多的是“申述”，“承诺”一类意思的动词。谓语动词往往以与shall相结合的方式出现。根据J. Austin, 这些动词可分为四类：判断语，裁定语，承诺语，阐述语A：判断语，根据价值或事实所作出的判断。AcquitCalculateDescribeAnalyzeEstimateAssesscharacterizeB：裁定语，表示赞成或反对某事或某过程。OrderCommandDirectRecommendAppointDismissNominateDeclareAnnounceWarnproclaimC: 承诺语，表示说话人的承诺。PromiseVowPledgeCovena

17、ntGuaranteeContractCommitEnsureAgreeacknowledgeD: 阐述语，阐明观点，论据。AffirmDenyEmphasizeIllustrateConcedeIdentifyAcceptObject toReportanswer新公司应建立经营管理机构负责企业的日常经营管理工作。The new company shall establish a management office which shall be responsible for its daily management.公司承认并同意在合同期内由乙方提供的技术系属秘密。The corporat

18、ion acknowledges and agrees that the Technology it receives from Party B during the term of the Contract shall be kept secret and confidential.2) 条件句法律文件要求思维缜密，逻辑性强，既要考虑到各种不同情况，又要排除各种例外情况。因此，法律条文除了规定双方应履行的义务外，还设想了各种可能发生的情况和处理办法，所以，法律条款中有较多的条件句。If, Whereas, unless, subject to, in case of, in case, in

19、 case that, in the event of, in event that, provided/ providing, except2) 条件句A. whereas: 鉴于句。即鉴于存在某种情况，故主句应采取某种措施，以期达到一定的目的；B. unless: 否定句。表示“除非”出现某种情况，否则其条件将不可能满足，因此，它的主句部分通常为否定形式。C. subject to 后引出的宾语为满足某项要求的必要条件。E. in case of, in case, in case that: 要求采取某种预防措施，以防止某种情况发生。2) 条件句F. in the event of, i

20、n event that: 强调事情发生的事实G. provided/ providing: “在前提下”，“在条件下”H. except: “排除某种情况”2) 条件句如果乙方有违反本合同的行为If Party B shall commit any material breach of this Contract如果这些机构的中央主管机关可以采取步骤Provided that the central administration of such agency may take steps2) 条件句倘若甲方需修改、增加或减少其工程计划If the event Party A shall ha

21、ve amended, increased or decreased its project of construction work3) 词类的转换英语的名词化结构转换为动词英语中多用的形容词转换为副词中文译成英语通常反过来做3) 词类的转换Unless otherwise provided for herein, failure or delay on the part of any party to exercise any right, power or privilege under this Agreement shall not operate as a waiver there

22、of, nor shall any single or partial exercise of any right, power or privilege preclude further exercise thereof or exercise of any other right, power or privilege.除非本协议另有规定，任何一方未能或延迟行使其在本协议项下的任何权利，权力或特权，不应视为其放弃该权利，权力或特权；单项或部分行使任何权利，权力或特权，亦不妨碍其进一步行使该权利，权力或行使其他权利，权力或特权。（n 到v)3) 词类的转换Unless otherwise p

23、rovided for herein, failure or delay on the part of any party to exercise any right, power or privilege under this Agreement shall not operate as a waiver thereof, nor shall any single or partial exercise of any right, power of privilege preclude further exercise thereof or exercise of any other rig

24、ht, power or privilege.除非本协议另有规定，任何一方未能或延迟其在本协议项下的任何权利，权利或特权，不应视为其放弃该权利，权力或特权；单项或部分行使任何权利，权力或特权，亦不妨碍其进一步行使该权利，权力或特权或行使其他权利，权力或特权。（adj.到adv.）Exercise 51. 乙方应在甲方验收后保证工程良好一年。2. A 指定B为其在中国境内的独家代理。3. 代售人接受寄售人开立的以代售人为付款人的90天远期汇票。4. 在下述情况下，A公司将保护买房不受损失。5. 除非合同中另有说明，本合同的条款将1. 乙方应在甲方验收后保证工程良好一年。Party B shall

25、 warrant the promised condition of the work within one year after the date of receiving the work by Party A.2. A 指定B为其在中国境内的独家代理。A hereby appoints B as its Sole Agent in the territory of China.3. 代售人接受寄售人开立的以代售人为付款人的90天远期汇票。The consignee shall accept the Bills of Exchange drawn by the Consignor on h

26、im at 90 days sight.4. 在下述情况下，A公司将保护买房不受损失。Subject to the conditions hereinafter set forth, A company will indemnify and protect the Purchaser against any losses or damages.5. 除非合同中另有说明，本合同的条款将Unless otherwise stipulated in this Contract, the terms and conditions of this Contract shall6. Party A rep

27、resents and warrants that there are no conditions at, on, under, or related to, the real property constituting all or any portion of the Land which presently or potentially pose a hazard to human health or the environment, and there has been no manufacture, use, treatment, storage, transportation, or disposal of any hazardous or toxic substance, pollutant, or contaminant on the Land nor any release of any hazardous or toxic substance, pollutant, or contaminant into or upon or over the Land.6. Party A represents a