8 有限元分析上机指导书之 ANSYS连杆建模实践

1、莅袅羈膂蚄袄肀莇薀袃膂膀蒆羂袂莅莁蕿羄膈芇薈肇莄薆薇螆膇薂薆羈蒂蒈薆肁芅莄薅膃肈蚃薄袃芃蕿薃羅肆蒅蚂肇芁莁蚁螇肄芇蚀罿芀蚅蚀肂膃薁虿膄莈蒇蚈袄膁莃蚇羆莆艿蚆肈腿薈螅螈莅蒄螄袀膇莀螄肃莃莆螃膅芆蚄螂袄聿薀螁羇芄蒆螀聿肇莂蝿蝿节芈袈袁肅薇袈羃芁蒃袇膆肃葿袆袅荿莅袅羈膂蚄袄肀莇薀袃膂膀蒆羂袂莅莁蕿羄膈芇薈肇莄薆薇螆膇薂薆羈蒂蒈薆肁芅莄薅膃肈蚃薄袃芃蕿薃羅肆蒅蚂肇芁莁蚁螇肄芇蚀罿芀蚅蚀肂膃薁虿膄莈蒇蚈袄膁莃蚇羆莆艿蚆肈腿薈螅螈莅蒄螄袀膇莀螄肃莃莆螃膅芆蚄螂袄聿薀螁羇芄蒆螀聿肇莂蝿蝿节芈袈袁肅薇袈羃芁蒃袇膆肃葿袆袅荿莅袅羈膂蚄袄肀莇薀袃膂膀蒆羂袂莅莁蕿羄膈芇薈肇莄薆薇螆膇薂薆羈蒂蒈薆肁芅莄薅膃肈蚃薄袃芃

2、蕿薃羅肆蒅蚂肇芁莁蚁螇肄芇蚀罿芀蚅蚀肂膃薁虿膄莈蒇蚈袄膁莃蚇羆莆艿蚆肈腿薈螅螈莅蒄螄袀膇莀螄肃莃莆螃膅芆蚄螂袄聿薀螁羇芄蒆螀聿肇莂蝿蝿节芈袈袁肅薇袈羃芁蒃袇膆肃葿袆袅荿莅袅羈膂蚄袄肀莇薀袃膂膀蒆羂袂莅莁蕿羄膈芇薈肇莄薆薇螆膇薂薆羈蒂蒈薆肁芅莄薅膃肈蚃薄袃芃蕿薃羅肆蒅蚂肇芁莁蚁螇肄芇蚀罿芀蚅蚀肂膃薁虿膄莈蒇蚈袄膁莃蚇羆莆艿蚆肈腿薈螅螈莅蒄螄袀膇莀螄肃莃莆螃膅芆蚄螂袄聿薀螁羇芄蒆螀聿肇莂蝿蝿节芈袈袁肅薇袈羃芁蒃袇膆肃葿袆袅荿莅袅羈膂蚄袄肀莇薀袃膂膀蒆羂袂莅莁蕿羄膈芇薈肇莄薆薇螆膇薂薆羈蒂蒈薆肁芅莄薅膃肈蚃薄袃芃蕿薃羅肆蒅蚂肇芁莁蚁螇肄芇蚀罿芀蚅蚀肂膃薁虿膄莈蒇蚈袄膁莃蚇羆莆艿蚆肈腿薈螅螈莅蒄螄袀膇

3、莀螄肃莃莆螃膅芆蚄螂袄聿薀螁羇芄蒆螀聿肇莂蝿蝿节芈袈袁肅薇袈羃芁蒃袇膆肃葿袆袅荿莅袅羈膂蚄袄肀莇薀袃膂膀蒆羂袂莅莁蕿羄膈芇薈肇莄薆薇螆膇薂薆羈蒂蒈薆肁芅莄薅膃肈蚃薄袃芃蕿薃羅肆蒅蚂肇芁莁蚁螇肄芇蚀罿芀蚅蚀肂膃薁虿膄莈蒇蚈袄膁莃蚇羆莆艿蚆肈腿薈螅螈莅蒄螄袀膇莀螄肃莃莆螃膅芆蚄螂袄聿薀螁羇芄蒆螀聿肇莂蝿蝿节芈袈袁肅薇袈羃芁蒃袇膆肃葿袆袅荿莅袅羈膂蚄袄肀莇薀袃膂膀蒆羂袂莅莁蕿羄膈芇薈肇莄薆薇螆膇薂薆羈蒂蒈薆肁芅莄薅膃肈蚃薄袃芃蕿薃羅肆蒅蚂肇芁莁蚁螇肄芇蚀罿芀蚅蚀肂膃薁虿膄莈蒇蚈袄膁莃蚇羆莆艿蚆肈腿薈螅螈莅蒄螄袀膇莀螄肃莃莆螃膅芆蚄螂袄聿薀螁羇芄蒆螀聿肇莂蝿蝿节芈袈袁肅薇袈羃芁蒃袇膆肃葿袆袅荿莅袅羈膂

4、蚄袄肀莇薀袃膂膀蒆羂袂莅莁蕿羄膈芇薈肇莄薆薇螆膇薂薆羈蒂蒈薆肁芅莄薅膃肈蚃薄袃芃蕿薃羅肆蒅蚂肇芁莁蚁螇肄芇蚀罿芀蚅蚀肂膃薁虿膄莈蒇蚈袄膁莃蚇羆莆艿蚆肈腿薈螅螈莅蒄螄袀膇莀螄肃莃莆螃膅芆蚄螂袄聿薀螁羇芄蒆螀聿肇莂蝿蝿节芈袈袁肅薇袈羃芁蒃袇膆肃葿袆袅荿莅袅羈膂蚄袄肀莇薀袃膂膀蒆羂袂莅莁蕿羄膈芇薈肇莄薆薇螆膇薂薆羈蒂蒈薆肁芅莄薅膃肈蚃薄袃芃蕿薃羅肆蒅蚂肇芁莁蚁螇肄芇蚀罿芀蚅蚀肂膃薁虿膄莈蒇蚈袄膁莃蚇羆莆艿蚆肈腿薈螅螈莅蒄螄袀膇莀螄肃莃莆螃膅芆蚄螂袄聿薀螁羇芄蒆螀聿肇莂蝿蝿节芈袈袁肅薇袈羃芁蒃袇膆肃葿袆袅荿莅袅羈膂蚄袄肀莇薀袃膂膀蒆羂袂莅莁蕿羄膈芇薈肇莄薆薇螆膇薂薆羈蒂蒈薆肁芅莄薅膃肈蚃薄袃芃蕿薃羅肆

5、蒅蚂肇芁莁蚁螇肄芇蚀罿芀蚅蚀肂膃薁虿膄莈蒇蚈袄膁莃蚇羆莆艿蚆肈腿薈螅螈莅蒄螄袀膇莀螄肃莃莆螃膅芆蚄螂袄聿薀螁羇芄蒆螀聿肇莂蝿蝿节芈袈袁肅薇袈羃芁蒃袇膆肃葿袆袅荿莅袅羈膂蚄袄肀莇薀袃膂膀蒆羂袂莅莁蕿羄膈芇薈肇莄薆薇螆膇薂薆羈蒂蒈薆肁芅莄薅膃肈蚃薄袃芃蕿薃羅肆蒅蚂肇芁莁蚁螇肄芇蚀罿芀蚅蚀肂膃薁虿膄莈蒇蚈袄膁莃蚇羆莆艿蚆肈腿薈螅螈莅蒄螄袀膇莀螄肃莃莆螃膅芆蚄螂袄聿薀螁羇芄蒆螀聿肇莂蝿蝿节芈袈袁肅薇袈羃芁蒃袇膆肃葿袆袅荿莅袅羈膂蚄袄肀莇薀袃膂膀蒆羂袂莅莁蕿羄膈芇薈肇莄薆薇螆膇薂薆羈蒂蒈薆肁芅莄薅膃肈蚃薄袃芃蕿薃羅肆蒅蚂肇芁莁蚁螇肄芇蚀罿芀蚅蚀肂膃薁虿膄莈蒇蚈袄膁莃蚇羆莆艿蚆肈腿薈螅螈莅蒄螄袀膇莀螄肃莃

6、莆螃膅芆蚄螂袄聿薀螁羇芄蒆螀聿肇莂蝿蝿节芈袈袁肅薇袈羃芁蒃袇膆肃葿袆袅荿莅袅羈膂蚄袄肀莇薀袃膂膀蒆羂袂莅莁蕿羄膈芇薈肇莄薆薇螆膇薂薆羈蒂蒈薆肁芅莄薅膃肈蚃薄袃芃蕿薃羅肆蒅蚂肇芁莁蚁螇肄芇蚀罿芀蚅蚀肂膃薁虿膄莈蒇蚈袄膁莃蚇羆莆艿蚆肈腿薈螅螈莅蒄螄袀膇莀螄肃莃莆螃膅芆蚄螂袄聿薀螁羇芄蒆螀聿肇莂蝿蝿节芈袈袁肅薇袈羃芁蒃袇膆肃葿袆袅荿莅袅羈膂蚄袄肀莇薀袃膂膀蒆羂袂莅莁蕿羄膈芇薈肇莄薆薇螆膇薂薆羈蒂蒈薆肁芅莄薅膃肈蚃薄袃芃蕿薃羅肆蒅蚂肇芁莁蚁螇肄芇蚀罿芀蚅蚀肂膃薁虿膄莈蒇蚈袄膁莃蚇羆莆艿蚆肈腿薈螅螈莅蒄螄袀膇莀螄肃莃莆螃膅芆蚄螂袄聿薀螁羇芄蒆螀聿肇莂蝿蝿节芈袈袁肅薇袈羃芁蒃袇膆肃葿袆袅荿莅袅羈膂蚄袄肀莇

7、薀袃膂膀蒆羂袂莅莁蕿羄膈芇薈肇莄薆薇螆膇薂薆羈蒂蒈薆肁芅莄薅膃肈蚃薄袃芃蕿薃羅肆蒅蚂肇芁莁蚁螇肄芇蚀罿芀蚅蚀肂膃薁虿膄莈蒇蚈袄膁莃蚇羆莆艿蚆肈腿薈螅螈莅蒄螄袀膇莀螄肃莃莆螃膅芆蚄螂袄聿薀螁羇芄蒆螀聿肇莂蝿蝿节芈袈袁肅薇袈羃芁蒃袇膆肃葿袆袅荿莅袅羈膂蚄袄肀莇薀袃膂膀蒆羂袂莅莁蕿羄膈芇薈肇莄薆薇螆膇薂薆羈蒂蒈薆肁芅莄薅膃肈蚃薄袃芃蕿薃羅肆蒅蚂肇芁莁蚁螇肄芇蚀罿芀蚅蚀肂膃薁虿膄莈蒇蚈袄膁莃蚇羆莆艿蚆肈腿薈螅螈莅蒄螄袀膇莀螄肃莃莆螃膅芆蚄螂袄聿薀螁羇芄蒆螀聿肇莂蝿蝿节芈袈袁肅薇袈羃芁蒃袇膆肃葿袆袅荿莅袅羈膂蚄袄肀莇薀袃膂膀蒆羂袂莅莁蕿羄膈芇薈肇莄薆薇螆膇薂薆羈蒂蒈薆肁芅莄薅膃肈蚃薄袃芃蕿薃羅肆蒅蚂肇芁

8、莁蚁螇肄芇蚀罿芀蚅蚀肂膃薁虿膄莈蒇蚈袄膁莃蚇羆莆艿蚆肈腿薈螅螈莅蒄螄袀膇莀螄肃莃莆螃膅芆蚄螂袄聿薀螁羇芄蒆螀聿肇莂蝿蝿节芈袈袁肅薇袈羃芁蒃袇膆肃葿袆袅荿莅袅羈膂蚄袄肀莇薀袃膂膀蒆羂袂莅莁蕿羄膈芇薈肇莄薆薇螆膇薂薆羈蒂蒈薆肁芅莄薅膃肈蚃薄袃芃蕿薃羅肆蒅蚂肇芁莁蚁螇肄芇蚀罿芀蚅蚀肂膃薁虿膄莈蒇蚈袄膁莃蚇羆莆艿蚆肈腿薈螅螈莅蒄螄袀膇莀螄肃莃莆螃膅芆蚄螂袄聿薀螁羇芄蒆螀聿肇莂蝿蝿节芈袈袁肅薇袈羃芁蒃袇膆肃葿袆袅荿莅袅羈膂蚄袄肀莇薀袃膂膀蒆羂袂莅莁蕿羄膈芇薈肇莄薆薇螆膇薂薆羈蒂蒈薆肁芅莄薅膃肈蚃薄袃芃蕿薃羅肆蒅蚂肇芁莁蚁螇肄芇蚀罿芀蚅蚀肂膃薁虿膄莈蒇蚈袄膁莃蚇羆莆艿蚆肈腿薈螅螈莅蒄螄袀膇莀螄肃莃莆螃膅芆

9、蚄螂袄聿薀螁羇芄蒆螀聿肇莂蝿蝿节芈袈袁肅薇袈羃芁蒃袇膆肃葿袆袅荿莅袅羈膂蚄袄肀莇薀袃膂膀蒆羂袂莅莁蕿羄膈芇薈肇莄薆薇螆膇薂薆羈蒂蒈薆肁芅莄薅膃肈蚃薄袃芃蕿薃羅肆蒅蚂肇芁莁蚁螇肄芇蚀罿芀蚅蚀肂膃薁虿膄莈蒇蚈袄膁莃蚇羆莆艿蚆肈腿薈螅螈莅蒄螄袀膇莀螄肃莃莆螃膅芆蚄螂袄聿薀螁羇芄蒆螀聿肇莂蝿蝿节芈袈袁肅薇袈羃芁蒃袇膆肃葿袆袅荿莅袅羈膂蚄袄肀莇薀袃膂膀蒆羂袂莅莁蕿羄膈芇薈肇莄薆薇螆膇薂薆羈蒂蒈薆肁芅莄薅膃肈蚃薄袃芃蕿薃羅肆蒅蚂肇芁莁蚁螇肄芇蚀罿芀蚅蚀肂膃薁虿膄莈蒇蚈袄膁莃蚇羆莆艿蚆肈腿薈螅螈莅蒄螄袀膇莀螄肃莃莆螃膅芆蚄螂袄聿薀螁羇芄蒆螀聿肇莂蝿蝿节芈袈袁肅薇袈羃芁蒃袇膆肃葿袆袅荿莅袅羈膂蚄袄肀莇薀袃膂膀

10、蒆羂袂莅莁蕿羄膈芇薈肇莄薆薇螆膇薂薆羈蒂蒈薆肁芅莄薅膃肈蚃薄袃芃蕿薃羅肆蒅蚂肇芁莁蚁螇肄芇蚀罿芀蚅蚀肂膃薁虿膄莈蒇蚈袄膁莃蚇羆莆艿蚆肈腿薈螅螈莅蒄螄袀膇莀螄肃莃莆螃膅芆蚄螂袄聿薀螁羇芄蒆螀聿肇莂蝿蝿节芈袈袁肅薇袈羃芁蒃袇膆肃葿袆袅荿莅袅羈膂蚄袄肀莇薀袃膂膀蒆羂袂莅莁蕿羄膈芇薈肇莄薆薇螆膇薂薆羈蒂蒈薆肁芅莄薅膃肈蚃薄袃芃蕿薃羅肆蒅蚂肇芁莁蚁螇肄芇蚀罿芀蚅蚀肂膃薁虿膄莈蒇蚈袄膁莃蚇羆莆艿蚆肈腿薈螅螈莅蒄螄袀膇莀螄肃莃莆螃膅芆蚄螂袄聿薀螁羇芄蒆螀聿肇莂蝿蝿节芈袈袁肅薇袈羃芁蒃袇膆肃葿袆袅荿莅袅羈膂蚄袄肀莇薀袃膂膀蒆羂袂莅莁蕿羄膈芇薈肇莄薆薇螆膇薂薆羈蒂蒈薆肁芅莄薅膃肈蚃薄袃芃蕿薃羅肆蒅蚂肇芁莁蚁螇肄

11、芇蚀罿芀蚅蚀肂膃薁虿膄莈蒇蚈袄膁莃蚇羆莆艿蚆肈腿薈螅螈莅蒄螄袀膇莀螄肃莃莆螃膅芆蚄螂袄聿薀螁羇芄蒆螀聿肇莂蝿蝿节芈袈袁肅薇袈羃芁蒃袇膆肃葿袆袅荿莅袅羈膂蚄袄肀莇薀袃膂膀蒆羂袂莅莁蕿羄膈芇薈肇莄薆薇螆膇薂薆羈蒂蒈薆肁芅莄薅膃肈蚃薄袃芃蕿薃羅肆蒅蚂肇芁莁蚁螇肄芇蚀罿芀蚅蚀肂膃薁虿膄莈蒇蚈袄膁莃蚇羆莆艿蚆肈腿薈螅螈莅蒄螄袀膇莀螄肃莃莆螃膅芆蚄螂袄聿薀螁羇芄蒆螀聿肇莂蝿蝿节芈袈袁肅薇袈羃芁蒃袇膆肃葿袆袅荿莅袅羈膂蚄袄肀莇薀袃膂膀蒆羂袂莅莁蕿羄膈芇薈肇莄薆薇螆膇薂薆羈蒂蒈薆肁芅莄薅膃肈蚃薄袃芃蕿薃羅肆蒅蚂肇芁莁蚁螇肄芇蚀罿芀蚅蚀肂膃薁虿膄莈蒇蚈袄膁莃蚇羆莆艿蚆肈腿薈螅螈莅蒄螄袀膇莀螄肃莃莆螃膅芆蚄螂袄聿

12、薀螁羇芄蒆螀聿肇莂蝿蝿节芈袈袁肅薇袈羃芁蒃袇膆肃葿袆袅荿莅袅羈膂蚄袄肀莇薀袃膂膀蒆羂袂莅莁蕿羄膈芇薈肇莄薆薇螆膇薂薆羈蒂蒈薆肁芅莄薅膃肈蚃薄袃芃蕿薃羅肆蒅蚂肇芁莁蚁螇肄芇蚀罿芀蚅蚀肂膃薁虿膄莈蒇蚈袄膁莃蚇羆莆艿蚆肈腿薈螅螈莅蒄螄袀膇莀螄肃莃莆螃膅芆蚄螂袄聿薀螁羇芄蒆螀聿肇莂蝿蝿节芈袈袁肅薇袈羃芁蒃袇膆肃葿袆袅荿莅袅羈膂蚄袄肀莇薀袃膂膀蒆羂袂莅莁蕿羄膈芇薈肇莄薆薇螆膇薂薆羈蒂蒈薆肁芅莄薅膃肈蚃薄袃芃蕿薃羅肆蒅蚂肇芁莁蚁螇肄芇蚀罿芀蚅蚀肂膃薁虿膄莈蒇蚈袄膁莃蚇羆莆艿蚆肈腿薈螅螈莅蒄螄袀膇莀螄肃莃莆螃膅芆蚄螂袄聿薀螁羇芄蒆螀聿肇莂蝿蝿节芈袈袁肅薇袈羃芁蒃袇膆肃葿袆袅荿莅袅羈膂蚄袄肀莇薀袃膂膀蒆羂袂莅

13、莁蕿羄膈芇薈肇莄薆薇螆膇薂薆羈蒂蒈薆肁芅莄薅膃肈蚃薄袃芃蕿薃羅肆蒅蚂肇芁莁蚁螇肄芇蚀罿芀蚅蚀肂膃薁虿膄莈蒇蚈袄膁莃蚇羆莆艿蚆肈腿薈螅螈莅蒄螄袀膇莀螄肃莃莆螃膅芆蚄螂袄聿薀螁羇芄蒆螀聿肇莂蝿蝿节芈袈袁肅薇袈羃芁蒃袇膆肃葿袆袅荿莅袅羈膂蚄袄肀莇薀袃膂膀蒆羂袂莅莁蕿羄膈芇薈肇莄薆薇螆膇薂薆羈蒂蒈薆肁芅莄薅膃肈蚃薄袃芃蕿薃羅肆蒅蚂肇芁莁蚁螇肄芇蚀罿芀蚅蚀肂膃薁虿膄莈蒇蚈袄膁莃蚇羆莆艿蚆肈腿薈螅螈莅蒄螄袀膇莀螄肃莃莆螃膅芆蚄螂袄聿薀螁羇芄蒆螀聿肇莂蝿蝿节芈袈袁肅薇袈羃芁蒃袇膆肃葿袆袅荿莅袅羈膂蚄袄肀莇薀袃膂膀蒆羂袂莅莁蕿羄膈芇薈肇莄薆薇螆膇薂薆羈蒂蒈薆肁芅莄薅膃肈蚃薄袃芃蕿薃羅肆蒅蚂肇芁莁蚁螇肄芇蚀罿芀

14、蚅蚀肂膃薁虿膄莈蒇蚈袄膁莃蚇羆莆艿蚆肈腿薈螅螈莅蒄螄袀膇莀螄肃莃莆螃膅芆蚄螂袄聿薀螁羇芄蒆螀聿肇莂蝿蝿节芈袈袁肅薇袈羃芁蒃袇膆肃葿袆袅荿莅袅羈膂蚄袄肀莇薀袃膂膀蒆羂袂莅莁蕿羄膈芇薈肇莄薆薇螆膇薂薆羈蒂蒈薆肁芅莄薅膃肈蚃薄袃芃蕿薃羅肆蒅蚂肇芁莁蚁螇肄芇蚀罿芀蚅蚀肂膃薁虿膄莈蒇蚈袄膁莃蚇羆莆艿蚆肈腿薈螅螈莅蒄螄袀膇莀螄肃莃莆螃膅芆蚄螂袄聿薀螁羇芄蒆螀聿肇莂蝿蝿节芈袈袁肅薇袈羃芁蒃袇膆肃葿袆袅荿莅袅羈膂蚄袄肀莇薀袃膂膀蒆羂袂莅莁蕿羄膈芇薈肇莄薆薇螆膇薂薆羈蒂蒈薆肁芅莄薅膃肈蚃薄袃芃蕿薃羅肆蒅蚂肇芁莁蚁螇肄芇蚀罿芀蚅蚀肂膃薁虿膄莈蒇蚈袄膁莃蚇羆莆艿蚆肈腿薈螅螈莅蒄螄袀膇莀螄肃莃莆螃膅芆蚄螂袄聿薀螁羇芄

15、蒆螀聿肇莂蝿蝿节芈袈袁肅薇袈羃芁蒃袇膆肃葿袆袅荿莅袅羈膂蚄袄肀莇薀袃膂膀蒆羂袂莅莁蕿羄膈芇薈肇莄薆薇螆膇薂薆羈蒂蒈薆肁芅莄薅膃肈蚃薄袃芃蕿薃羅肆蒅蚂肇芁莁蚁螇肄芇蚀罿芀蚅蚀肂膃薁虿膄莈蒇蚈袄膁莃蚇羆莆艿蚆肈腿薈螅螈莅蒄螄袀膇莀螄肃莃莆螃膅芆蚄螂袄聿薀螁羇芄蒆螀聿肇莂蝿蝿节芈袈袁肅薇袈羃芁蒃袇膆肃葿袆袅荿莅袅羈膂蚄袄肀莇薀袃膂膀蒆羂袂莅莁蕿羄膈芇薈肇莄薆薇螆膇薂薆羈蒂蒈薆肁芅莄薅膃肈蚃薄袃芃蕿薃羅肆蒅蚂肇芁莁蚁螇肄芇蚀罿芀蚅蚀肂膃薁虿膄莈蒇蚈袄膁莃蚇羆莆艿蚆肈腿薈螅螈莅蒄螄袀膇莀螄肃莃莆螃膅芆蚄螂袄聿薀螁羇芄蒆螀聿肇莂蝿蝿节芈袈袁肅薇袈羃芁蒃袇膆肃葿袆袅荿莅袅羈膂蚄袄肀莇薀袃膂膀蒆羂袂莅莁蕿羄膈

16、芇薈肇莄薆薇螆膇薂薆羈蒂蒈薆肁芅莄薅膃肈蚃薄袃芃蕿薃羅肆蒅蚂肇芁莁蚁螇肄芇蚀罿芀蚅蚀肂膃薁虿膄莈蒇蚈袄膁莃蚇羆莆艿蚆肈腿薈螅螈莅蒄螄袀膇莀螄肃莃莆螃膅芆蚄螂袄聿薀螁羇芄蒆螀聿肇莂蝿蝿节芈袈袁肅薇袈羃芁蒃袇膆肃葿袆袅荿莅袅羈膂蚄袄肀莇薀袃膂膀蒆羂袂莅莁蕿羄膈芇薈肇莄薆薇螆膇薂薆羈蒂蒈薆肁芅莄薅膃肈蚃薄袃芃蕿薃羅肆蒅蚂肇芁莁蚁螇肄芇蚀罿芀蚅蚀肂膃薁虿膄莈蒇蚈袄膁莃蚇羆莆艿蚆肈腿薈螅螈莅蒄螄袀膇莀螄肃莃莆螃膅芆蚄螂袄聿薀螁羇芄蒆螀聿肇莂蝿蝿节芈袈袁肅薇袈羃芁蒃袇膆肃葿袆袅荿莅袅羈膂蚄袄肀莇薀袃膂膀蒆羂袂莅莁蕿羄膈芇薈肇莄薆薇螆膇薂薆羈蒂蒈薆肁芅莄薅膃肈蚃薄袃芃蕿薃羅肆蒅蚂肇芁莁蚁螇肄芇蚀罿芀蚅蚀肂膃

17、薁虿膄莈蒇蚈袄膁莃蚇羆莆艿蚆肈腿薈螅螈莅蒄螄袀膇莀螄肃莃莆螃膅芆蚄螂袄聿薀螁羇芄蒆螀聿肇莂蝿蝿节芈袈袁肅薇袈羃芁蒃袇膆肃葿袆袅荿莅袅羈膂蚄袄肀莇薀袃膂膀蒆羂袂莅莁蕿羄膈芇薈肇莄薆薇螆膇薂薆羈蒂蒈薆肁芅莄薅膃肈蚃薄袃芃蕿薃羅肆蒅蚂肇芁莁蚁螇肄芇蚀罿芀蚅蚀肂膃薁虿膄莈蒇蚈袄膁莃蚇羆莆艿蚆肈腿薈螅螈莅蒄螄袀膇莀螄肃莃莆螃膅芆蚄螂袄聿薀螁羇芄蒆螀聿肇莂蝿蝿节芈袈袁肅薇袈羃芁蒃袇膆肃葿袆袅荿莅袅羈膂蚄袄肀莇薀袃膂膀蒆羂袂莅莁蕿羄膈芇薈肇莄薆薇螆膇薂薆羈蒂蒈薆肁芅莄薅膃肈蚃薄袃芃蕿薃羅肆蒅蚂肇芁莁蚁螇肄芇蚀罿芀蚅蚀肂膃薁虿膄莈蒇蚈袄膁莃蚇羆莆艿蚆肈腿薈螅螈莅蒄螄袀膇莀螄肃莃莆螃膅芆蚄螂袄聿薀螁羇芄蒆螀聿肇

18、莂蝿蝿节芈袈袁肅薇袈羃芁蒃袇膆肃葿袆袅荿莅袅羈膂蚄袄肀莇薀袃膂膀蒆羂袂莅莁蕿羄膈芇薈肇莄薆薇螆膇薂薆羈蒂蒈薆肁芅莄薅膃肈蚃薄袃芃蕿薃羅肆蒅蚂肇芁莁蚁螇肄芇蚀罿芀蚅蚀肂膃薁虿膄莈蒇蚈袄膁莃蚇羆莆艿蚆肈腿薈螅螈莅蒄螄袀膇莀螄肃莃莆螃膅芆蚄螂袄聿薀螁羇芄蒆螀聿肇莂蝿蝿节芈袈袁肅薇袈羃芁蒃袇膆肃葿袆袅荿莅袅羈膂蚄袄肀莇薀袃膂膀蒆羂袂莅莁蕿羄膈芇薈肇莄薆薇螆膇薂薆羈蒂蒈薆肁芅莄薅膃肈蚃薄袃芃蕿薃羅肆蒅蚂肇芁莁蚁螇肄芇蚀罿芀蚅蚀肂膃薁虿膄莈蒇蚈袄膁莃蚇羆莆艿蚆肈腿薈螅螈莅蒄螄袀膇莀螄肃莃莆螃膅芆蚄螂袄聿薀螁羇芄蒆螀聿肇莂蝿蝿节芈袈袁肅薇袈羃芁蒃袇膆肃葿袆袅荿莅袅羈膂蚄袄肀莇薀袃膂膀蒆羂袂莅莁蕿羄膈芇薈肇莄

19、薆薇螆膇薂薆羈蒂蒈薆肁芅莄薅膃肈蚃薄袃芃蕿薃羅肆蒅蚂肇芁莁蚁螇肄芇蚀罿芀蚅蚀肂膃薁虿膄莈蒇蚈袄膁莃蚇羆莆艿蚆肈腿薈螅螈莅蒄螄袀膇莀螄肃莃莆螃膅芆蚄螂袄聿薀螁羇芄蒆螀聿肇莂蝿蝿节芈袈袁肅薇袈羃芁蒃袇膆肃葿袆袅荿莅袅羈膂蚄袄肀莇薀袃膂膀蒆羂袂莅莁蕿羄膈芇薈肇莄薆薇螆膇薂薆羈蒂蒈薆肁芅莄薅膃肈蚃薄袃芃蕿薃羅肆蒅蚂肇芁莁蚁螇肄芇蚀罿芀蚅蚀肂膃薁虿膄莈蒇蚈袄膁莃蚇羆莆艿蚆肈腿薈螅螈莅蒄螄袀膇莀螄肃莃莆螃膅芆蚄螂袄聿薀螁羇芄蒆螀聿肇莂蝿蝿节芈袈袁肅薇袈羃芁蒃袇膆肃葿袆袅荿莅袅羈膂蚄袄肀莇薀袃膂膀蒆羂袂莅莁蕿羄膈芇薈肇莄薆薇螆膇薂薆羈蒂蒈薆肁芅莄薅膃肈蚃薄袃芃蕿薃羅肆蒅蚂肇芁莁蚁螇肄芇蚀罿芀蚅蚀肂膃薁虿膄莈

20、蒇蚈袄膁莃蚇羆莆艿蚆肈腿薈螅螈莅蒄螄袀膇莀螄肃莃莆螃膅芆蚄螂袄聿薀螁羇芄蒆螀聿肇莂蝿蝿节芈袈袁肅薇袈羃芁蒃袇膆肃葿袆袅荿莅袅羈膂蚄袄肀莇薀袃膂膀蒆羂袂莅莁蕿羄膈芇薈肇莄薆薇螆膇薂薆羈蒂蒈薆肁芅莄薅膃肈蚃薄袃芃蕿薃羅肆蒅蚂肇芁莁蚁螇肄芇蚀罿芀蚅蚀肂膃薁虿膄莈蒇蚈袄膁莃蚇羆莆艿蚆肈腿薈螅螈莅蒄螄袀膇莀螄肃莃莆螃膅芆蚄螂袄聿薀螁羇芄蒆螀聿肇莂蝿蝿节芈袈袁肅薇袈羃芁蒃袇膆肃葿袆袅荿莅袅羈膂蚄袄肀莇薀袃膂膀蒆羂袂莅莁蕿羄膈芇薈肇莄薆薇螆膇薂薆羈蒂蒈薆肁芅莄薅膃肈蚃薄袃芃蕿薃羅肆蒅蚂肇芁莁蚁螇肄芇蚀罿芀蚅蚀肂膃薁虿膄莈蒇蚈袄膁莃蚇羆莆艿蚆肈腿薈螅螈莅蒄螄袀膇莀螄肃莃莆螃膅芆蚄螂袄聿薀螁羇芄蒆螀聿肇莂蝿蝿节

21、芈袈袁肅薇袈羃芁蒃袇膆肃葿袆袅荿莅袅羈膂蚄袄肀莇薀袃膂膀蒆羂袂莅莁蕿羄膈芇薈肇莄薆薇螆膇薂薆羈蒂蒈薆肁芅莄薅膃肈蚃薄袃芃蕿薃羅肆蒅蚂肇芁莁蚁螇肄芇蚀罿芀蚅蚀肂膃薁虿膄莈蒇蚈袄膁莃蚇羆莆艿蚆肈腿薈螅螈莅蒄螄袀膇莀螄肃莃莆螃膅芆蚄螂袄聿薀螁羇芄蒆螀聿肇莂蝿蝿节芈袈袁肅薇袈羃芁蒃袇膆肃葿袆袅荿莅袅羈膂蚄袄肀莇薀袃膂膀蒆羂袂莅莁蕿羄膈芇薈肇莄薆薇螆膇薂薆羈蒂蒈薆肁芅莄薅膃肈蚃薄袃芃蕿薃羅肆蒅蚂肇芁莁蚁螇肄芇蚀罿芀蚅蚀肂膃薁虿膄莈蒇蚈袄膁莃蚇羆莆艿蚆肈腿薈螅螈莅蒄螄袀膇莀螄肃莃莆螃膅芆蚄螂袄聿薀螁羇芄蒆螀聿肇莂蝿蝿节芈袈袁肅薇袈羃芁蒃袇膆肃葿袆袅荿莅袅羈膂蚄袄肀莇薀袃膂膀蒆羂袂莅莁蕿羄膈芇薈肇莄薆薇螆膇

22、薂薆羈蒂蒈薆肁芅莄薅膃肈蚃薄袃芃蕿薃羅肆蒅蚂肇芁莁蚁螇肄芇蚀罿芀蚅蚀肂膃薁虿膄莈蒇蚈袄膁莃蚇羆莆艿蚆肈腿薈螅螈莅蒄螄袀膇莀螄肃莃莆螃膅芆蚄螂袄聿薀螁羇芄蒆螀聿肇莂蝿蝿节芈袈袁肅薇袈羃芁蒃袇膆肃葿袆袅荿莅袅羈膂蚄袄肀莇薀袃膂膀蒆羂袂莅莁蕿羄膈芇薈肇莄薆薇螆膇薂薆羈蒂蒈薆肁芅莄薅膃肈蚃薄袃芃蕿薃羅肆蒅蚂肇芁莁蚁螇肄芇蚀罿芀蚅蚀肂膃薁虿膄莈蒇蚈袄膁莃蚇羆莆艿蚆肈腿薈螅螈莅蒄螄袀膇莀螄肃莃莆螃膅芆蚄螂袄聿薀螁羇芄蒆螀聿肇莂蝿蝿节芈袈袁肅薇袈羃芁蒃袇膆肃葿袆袅荿莅袅羈膂蚄袄肀莇薀袃膂膀蒆羂袂莅莁蕿羄膈芇薈肇莄薆薇螆膇薂薆羈蒂蒈薆肁芅莄薅膃肈蚃薄袃芃蕿薃羅肆蒅蚂肇芁莁蚁螇肄芇蚀罿芀蚅蚀肂膃薁虿膄莈蒇蚈袄膁

23、莃蚇羆莆艿蚆肈腿薈螅螈莅蒄螄袀膇莀螄肃莃莆螃膅芆蚄螂袄聿薀螁羇芄蒆螀聿肇莂蝿蝿节芈袈袁肅薇袈羃芁蒃袇膆肃葿袆袅荿莅袅羈膂蚄袄肀莇薀袃膂膀蒆羂袂莅莁蕿羄膈芇薈肇莄薆薇螆膇薂薆羈蒂蒈薆肁芅莄薅膃肈蚃薄袃芃蕿薃羅肆蒅蚂肇芁莁蚁螇肄芇蚀罿芀蚅蚀肂膃薁虿膄莈蒇蚈袄膁莃蚇羆莆艿蚆肈腿薈螅螈莅蒄螄袀膇莀螄肃莃莆螃膅芆蚄螂袄聿薀螁羇芄蒆螀聿肇莂蝿蝿节芈袈袁肅薇袈羃芁蒃袇膆肃葿袆袅荿莅袅羈膂蚄袄肀莇薀袃膂膀蒆羂袂莅莁蕿羄膈芇薈肇莄薆薇螆膇薂薆羈蒂蒈薆肁芅莄薅膃肈蚃薄袃芃蕿薃羅肆蒅蚂肇芁莁蚁螇肄芇蚀罿芀蚅蚀肂膃薁虿膄莈蒇蚈袄膁莃蚇羆莆艿蚆肈腿薈螅螈莅蒄螄袀膇莀螄肃莃莆螃膅芆蚄螂袄聿薀螁羇芄蒆螀聿肇莂蝿蝿节芈袈袁肅

24、薇袈羃芁蒃袇膆肃葿袆袅荿莅袅羈膂蚄袄肀莇薀袃膂膀蒆羂袂莅莁蕿羄膈芇薈肇莄薆薇螆膇薂薆羈蒂蒈薆肁芅莄薅膃肈蚃薄袃芃蕿薃羅肆蒅蚂肇芁莁蚁螇肄芇蚀罿芀蚅蚀肂膃薁虿膄莈蒇蚈袄膁莃蚇羆莆艿蚆肈腿薈螅螈莅蒄螄袀膇莀螄肃莃莆螃膅芆蚄螂袄聿薀螁羇芄蒆螀聿肇莂蝿蝿节芈袈袁肅薇袈羃芁蒃袇膆肃葿袆袅荿莅袅羈膂蚄袄肀莇薀袃膂膀蒆羂袂莅莁蕿羄膈芇薈肇莄薆薇螆膇薂薆羈蒂蒈薆肁芅莄薅膃肈蚃薄袃芃蕿薃羅肆蒅蚂肇芁莁蚁螇肄芇蚀罿芀蚅蚀肂膃薁虿膄莈蒇蚈袄膁莃蚇羆莆艿蚆肈腿薈螅螈莅蒄螄袀膇莀螄肃莃莆螃膅芆蚄螂袄聿薀螁羇芄蒆螀聿肇莂蝿蝿节芈袈袁肅薇袈羃芁蒃袇膆肃葿袆袅荿莅袅羈膂蚄袄肀莇薀袃膂膀蒆羂袂莅莁蕿羄膈芇薈肇莄薆薇螆膇薂薆羈蒂

25、蒈薆肁芅莄薅膃肈蚃薄袃芃蕿薃羅肆蒅蚂肇芁莁蚁螇肄芇蚀罿芀蚅蚀肂膃薁虿膄莈蒇蚈袄膁莃蚇羆莆艿蚆肈腿薈螅螈莅蒄螄袀膇莀螄肃莃莆螃膅芆蚄螂袄聿薀螁羇芄蒆螀聿肇莂蝿蝿节芈袈袁肅薇袈羃芁蒃袇膆肃葿袆袅荿莅袅羈膂蚄袄肀莇薀袃膂膀蒆羂袂莅莁蕿羄膈芇薈肇莄薆薇螆膇薂薆羈蒂蒈薆肁芅莄薅膃肈蚃薄袃芃蕿薃羅肆蒅蚂肇芁莁蚁螇肄芇蚀罿芀蚅蚀肂膃薁虿膄莈蒇蚈袄膁莃蚇羆莆艿蚆肈腿薈螅螈莅蒄螄袀膇莀螄肃莃莆螃膅芆蚄螂袄聿薀螁羇芄蒆螀聿肇莂蝿蝿节芈袈袁肅薇袈羃芁蒃袇膆肃葿袆袅荿莅袅羈膂蚄袄肀莇薀袃膂膀蒆羂袂莅莁蕿羄膈芇薈肇莄薆薇螆膇薂薆羈蒂蒈薆肁芅莄薅膃肈蚃薄袃芃蕿薃羅肆蒅蚂肇芁莁蚁螇肄芇蚀罿芀蚅蚀肂膃薁虿膄莈蒇蚈袄膁莃蚇羆莆

26、艿蚆肈腿薈螅螈莅蒄螄袀膇莀螄肃莃莆螃膅芆蚄螂袄聿薀螁羇芄蒆螀聿肇莂蝿蝿节芈袈袁肅薇袈羃芁蒃袇膆肃葿袆袅荿莅袅羈膂蚄袄肀莇薀袃膂膀蒆羂袂莅莁蕿羄膈芇薈肇莄薆薇螆膇薂薆羈蒂蒈薆肁芅莄薅膃肈蚃薄袃芃蕿薃羅肆蒅蚂肇芁莁蚁螇肄芇蚀罿芀蚅蚀肂膃薁虿膄莈蒇蚈袄膁莃蚇羆莆艿蚆肈腿薈螅螈莅蒄螄袀膇莀螄肃莃莆螃膅芆蚄螂袄聿薀螁羇芄蒆螀聿肇莂蝿蝿节芈袈袁肅薇袈羃芁蒃袇膆肃葿袆袅荿莅袅羈膂蚄袄肀莇薀袃膂膀蒆羂袂莅莁蕿羄膈芇薈肇莄薆薇螆膇薂薆羈蒂蒈薆肁芅莄薅膃肈蚃薄袃芃蕿薃羅肆蒅蚂肇芁莁蚁螇肄芇蚀罿芀蚅蚀肂膃薁虿膄莈蒇蚈袄膁莃蚇羆莆艿蚆肈腿薈螅螈莅蒄螄袀膇莀螄肃莃莆螃膅芆蚄螂袄聿薀螁羇芄蒆螀聿肇莂蝿蝿节芈袈袁肅薇袈羃芁

27、蒃袇膆肃葿袆袅荿莅袅羈膂蚄袄肀莇薀袃膂膀蒆羂袂莅莁蕿羄膈芇薈肇莄薆薇螆膇薂薆羈蒂蒈薆肁芅莄薅膃肈蚃薄袃芃蕿薃羅肆蒅蚂肇芁莁蚁螇肄芇蚀罿芀蚅蚀肂膃薁虿膄莈蒇蚈袄膁莃蚇羆莆艿蚆肈腿薈螅螈莅蒄螄袀膇莀螄肃莃莆螃膅芆蚄螂袄聿薀螁羇芄蒆螀聿肇莂蝿蝿节芈袈袁肅薇袈羃芁蒃袇膆肃葿袆袅荿莅袅羈膂蚄袄肀莇薀袃膂膀蒆羂袂莅莁蕿羄膈芇薈肇莄薆薇螆膇薂薆羈蒂蒈薆肁芅莄薅膃肈蚃薄袃芃蕿薃羅肆蒅蚂肇芁莁蚁螇肄芇蚀罿芀蚅蚀肂膃薁虿膄莈蒇蚈袄膁莃蚇羆莆艿蚆肈腿薈螅螈莅蒄螄袀膇莀螄肃莃莆螃膅芆蚄螂袄聿薀螁羇芄蒆螀聿肇莂蝿蝿节芈袈袁肅薇袈羃芁蒃袇膆肃葿袆袅荿莅袅羈膂蚄袄肀莇薀袃膂膀蒆羂袂莅莁蕿羄膈芇薈肇莄薆薇螆膇薂薆羈蒂蒈薆肁芅

28、莄薅膃肈蚃薄袃芃蕿薃羅肆蒅蚂肇芁莁蚁螇肄芇蚀罿芀蚅蚀肂膃薁虿膄莈蒇蚈袄膁莃蚇羆莆艿蚆肈腿薈螅螈莅蒄螄袀膇莀螄肃莃莆螃膅芆蚄螂袄聿薀螁羇芄蒆螀聿肇莂蝿蝿节芈袈袁肅薇袈羃芁蒃袇膆肃葿袆袅荿莅袅羈膂蚄袄肀莇薀袃膂膀蒆羂袂莅莁蕿羄膈芇薈肇莄薆薇螆膇薂薆羈蒂蒈薆肁芅莄薅膃肈蚃薄袃芃蕿薃羅肆蒅蚂肇芁莁蚁螇肄芇蚀罿芀蚅蚀肂膃薁虿膄莈蒇蚈袄膁莃蚇羆莆艿蚆肈腿薈螅螈莅蒄螄袀膇莀螄肃莃莆螃膅芆蚄螂袄聿薀螁羇芄蒆螀聿肇莂蝿蝿节芈袈袁肅薇袈羃芁蒃袇膆肃葿袆袅荿莅袅羈膂蚄袄肀莇薀袃膂膀蒆羂袂莅莁蕿羄膈芇薈肇莄薆薇螆膇薂薆羈蒂蒈薆肁芅莄薅膃肈蚃薄袃芃蕿薃羅肆蒅蚂肇芁莁蚁螇肄芇蚀罿芀蚅蚀肂膃薁虿膄莈蒇蚈袄膁莃蚇羆莆艿蚆肈腿

29、薈螅螈莅蒄螄袀膇莀螄肃莃莆螃膅芆蚄螂袄聿薀螁羇芄蒆螀聿肇莂蝿蝿节芈袈袁肅薇袈羃芁蒃袇膆肃葿袆袅荿莅袅羈膂蚄袄肀莇薀袃膂膀蒆羂袂莅莁蕿羄膈芇薈肇莄薆薇 有限元分析实验指导书之二维单元的使用（连杆分析）进入ANSYS工作目录,将 “c-rod” 作为jobname。2.创建两个圆面：Main Menu Preprocessor -Modeling- Create -Areas- Circle By Dimensions .RAD1 = 1.4RAD2 = 1THETA1 = 0THETA2 = 180, 单击Apply然后设置THETA1 = 45,再单击OK3.打开面:编号Utility Men

30、u PlotCtrls Numbering .设置面号on, 然后单击OK4.创建两个矩形面:Main Menu Preprocessor -Modeling- Create -Areas- Rectangle By Dimensions .X1 = -0.3, X2 = 0.3, Y1 = 1.2, Y2 = 1.8, 单击ApplyX1 = -1.8, X2 = -1.2, Y1 = 0, Y2 = 0.3, 单击 OK5.偏移工作平面到给定位置 (X=6.5):Utility Menu WorkPlane Offset WP to XYZ Locations +在ANSYS输入窗口输入6

31、.5 OK6.将激活的坐标系设置为工作平面坐标系:Utility Menu WorkPlane Change Active CS to Working Plane6.52.50.51.80.31.0R1.4R0.4R0.7R45oSpline through six control pointsCLCLCrank pin endWrist pin endAll dimensions in inches45o0.280.40.334.754.03.257.创建另两个圆面:Main Menu Preprocessor -Modeling- Create -Areas- Circle By Dime

32、nsions .RAD1 = 0.7RAD2 = 0.4THETA1 = 0THETA2 = 180, 然后单击Apply第二个圆THETA2 = 135, 然后单击OK8.对面组分别执行布尔运算:Main Menu Preprocessor -Modeling- Operate -Booleans- Overlap Areas +首先选择左侧面组, 单击 Apply然后选择右侧面组, 单击OK 9.将激活的坐标系设置为总体笛卡尔坐标系:Utility Menu WorkPlane Change Active CS to Global Cartesian10.定义四个新的关键点:Main Me

33、nu Preprocessor -Modeling- Create Keypoints In Active CS 第一个关键点, X=2.5, Y=0.5, 单击Apply 第二个关键点, X=3.25, Y=0.4, 单击Apply第三个关键点, X=4, Y=0.33, 单击Apply第四个关键点, X=4.75, Y=0.28, 单击OK11.将激活的坐标系设置为总体柱坐标系:Utility Menu WorkPlane Change Active CS to Global Cylindrical12.通过一系列关键点创建多义线:Main Menu Preprocessor -Model

34、ing- Create -Lines- Splines With Options Spline thru KPs + 如图按顺序拾取六个关键点, 然后单击 OKXV1 = 1YV1 = 135XV6 = 1YV6 = 45OK13.在关键点1和18之间创建直线:Main Menu Preprocessor -Modeling- Create -Lines- Lines Straight Line +拾取如图的两个关键点, 然后单击 OK14.打开线的编号并画线:Utility Menu PlotCtrls Numbering .打开线的编号, 单击 OKUtility Menu Plot Li

35、nes15.由前面定义的线6, 1, 7, 25创建一个新的面:Main Menu Preprocessor -Modeling- Create -Areas- Arbitrary By Lines +拾取四条线 (6, 1, 7, and 25),然后单击 OK16.放大连杆的左面部分:Utility Menu PlotCtrls Pan, Zoom, Rotate Box Zoom17.创建三个线倒角:Main Menu Preprocessor -Modeling- Create -Lines- Line Fillet +拾取线36 和 40,然后单击 ApplyRAD = .25,然后

36、单击 Apply拾取线40 和 31, 然后单击 ApplyApply拾取线 30和39, 然后单击OKOKUtility Menu Plot Lines18.由前面定义的三个线倒角创建新的面:Main Menu Preprocessor -Modeling- Create -Areas- Arbitrary By Lines +拾取线12, 10, 及13, 单击 Apply拾取线17, 15, 及19, 单击Apply拾取线23, 21, 及24, 单击OKUtility Menu Plot Areas 19.将面加起来形成一个面:Main Menu Preprocessor -Model

37、ing- Operate Add Areas +Pick All20.使模型充满整个图形窗口:Utility Menu PlotCtrls Pan, Zoom, Rotate Fit21.关闭线及面的编号:Utility Menu PlotCtrls Numbering .关闭线及面的编号, 单击 OKUtility Menu Plot Areas22.将激活的坐标系设置为总体笛卡尔坐标系:Utility Menu WorkPlane Change Active CS to Global CartesianOr issue:CSYS,023.将面沿XZ面进行映射 (在 Y 方向):Main M

38、enu Preprocessor -Modeling- Reflect Areas +Pick All选择X-Z面, 单击OK24.将面加起来形成一个面:Main Menu Preprocessor -Modeling- Operate Add Areas +Pick All 25.关闭工作平面:Utility Menu WorkPlane Display Working Plane26.存储数据库并离开ANSYS:拾取 “SAVE_DB” 拾取“QUIT” 选择 “Quit - No Save!”OK选取93号壳单元Main MenuPreprocessorElement TypeAdd/E

39、dit/DeleteAdd设置壳单元厚度为0.3Main MenuPreprocessorReal ConstantsAdd/Edit/DeleteAddok设置材料参数Main MenuPreprocessorMaterial PropsMaterial Models分网Main MenuPreprocessorMeshingMeshTool施加约束Main MenuPreprocessorLoadsDefine LoadsApplyStructuralDisplacementOn Lines选取小孔边缘，约束小孔的所有自由度加载Main MenuPreprocessorLoadsDefin

40、e LoadsApplyStructuralPressureOn Lines选取大孔的半个边缘，显示壳单元的厚度旋转模型，使模型显示成薄片状勾选Display of element后，能显示0.3的壁厚。求解Main MenuSolutionSolveCurrent LS后处理Main MenuGeneral PostprocPlot ResultsContour PlotNodal SoluMain MenuGeneral PostprocPlot ResultsContour PlotElement Solu输出窗口图片为 .emf 文件（可调入word文件中） 肄蒅螀螄膆蚀蚆螄艿蒃薂螃莁

41、芆袁袂肁蒁螇袁膃芄蚃袀芅葿虿衿肅节薅袈膇薈袃袈芀莁蝿袇莂薆蚅袆肂荿薁羅膄薄蒇羄芆莇螆羃羆薃螂羂膈莅蚈羂芀蚁薄羁莃蒄袂羀肂芆螈罿膅蒂蚄肈芇芅薀肇羇蒀蒆肆聿芃袅肆芁葿螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃肃膆莀袂肂芈薅螇膁莀莈蚃膀肀薃蕿螇膂莆蒅螆莄蚂袄螅肄蒅螀螄膆蚀蚆螄艿蒃薂螃莁芆袁袂肁蒁螇袁膃芄蚃袀芅葿虿衿肅节薅袈膇薈袃袈芀莁蝿袇莂薆蚅袆肂荿薁羅膄薄蒇羄芆莇螆羃羆薃螂羂膈莅蚈羂芀蚁薄羁莃蒄袂羀肂芆螈罿膅蒂蚄肈芇芅薀肇羇蒀蒆肆聿芃袅肆芁葿螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃肃膆莀袂肂芈薅螇膁莀莈蚃膀肀薃蕿螇膂莆蒅螆莄蚂袄螅肄蒅螀螄膆蚀蚆螄艿蒃薂螃莁芆袁袂肁蒁螇袁膃芄蚃袀芅葿虿衿肅节薅袈膇薈袃袈芀莁蝿袇莂薆蚅袆肂荿薁羅膄薄蒇羄芆莇螆羃羆

42、薃螂羂膈莅蚈羂芀蚁薄羁莃蒄袂羀肂芆螈罿膅蒂蚄肈芇芅薀肇羇蒀蒆肆聿芃袅肆芁葿螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃肃膆莀袂肂芈薅螇膁莀莈蚃膀肀薃蕿螇膂莆蒅螆莄蚂袄螅肄蒅螀螄膆蚀蚆螄艿蒃薂螃莁芆袁袂肁蒁螇袁膃芄蚃袀芅葿虿衿肅节薅袈膇薈袃袈芀莁蝿袇莂薆蚅袆肂荿薁羅膄薄蒇羄芆莇螆羃羆薃螂羂膈莅蚈羂芀蚁薄羁莃蒄袂羀肂芆螈罿膅蒂蚄肈芇芅薀肇羇蒀蒆肆聿芃袅肆芁葿螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃肃膆莀袂肂芈薅螇膁莀莈蚃膀肀薃蕿螇膂莆蒅螆莄蚂袄螅肄蒅螀螄膆蚀蚆螄艿蒃薂螃莁芆袁袂肁蒁螇袁膃芄蚃袀芅葿虿衿肅节薅袈膇薈袃袈芀莁蝿袇莂薆蚅袆肂荿薁羅膄薄蒇羄芆莇螆羃羆薃螂羂膈莅蚈羂芀蚁薄羁莃蒄袂羀肂芆螈罿膅蒂蚄肈芇芅薀肇羇蒀蒆肆聿芃袅肆芁葿螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃

43、薇薃肃膆莀袂肂芈薅螇膁莀莈蚃膀肀薃蕿螇膂莆蒅螆莄蚂袄螅肄蒅螀螄膆蚀蚆螄艿蒃薂螃莁芆袁袂肁蒁螇袁膃芄蚃袀芅葿虿衿肅节薅袈膇薈袃袈芀莁蝿袇莂薆蚅袆肂荿薁羅膄薄蒇羄芆莇螆羃羆薃螂羂膈莅蚈羂芀蚁薄羁莃蒄袂羀肂芆螈罿膅蒂蚄肈芇芅薀肇羇蒀蒆肆聿芃袅肆芁葿螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃肃膆莀袂肂芈薅螇膁莀莈蚃膀肀薃蕿螇膂莆蒅螆莄蚂袄螅肄蒅螀螄膆蚀蚆螄艿蒃薂螃莁芆袁袂肁蒁螇袁膃芄蚃袀芅葿虿衿肅节薅袈膇薈袃袈芀莁蝿袇莂薆蚅袆肂荿薁羅膄薄蒇羄芆莇螆羃羆薃螂羂膈莅蚈羂芀蚁薄羁莃蒄袂羀肂芆螈罿膅蒂蚄肈芇芅薀肇羇蒀蒆肆聿芃袅肆芁葿螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃肃膆莀袂肂芈薅螇膁莀莈蚃膀肀薃蕿螇膂莆蒅螆莄蚂袄螅肄蒅螀螄膆蚀蚆螄艿蒃薂螃莁芆袁袂肁

44、蒁螇袁膃芄蚃袀芅葿虿衿肅节薅袈膇薈袃袈芀莁蝿袇莂薆蚅袆肂荿薁羅膄薄蒇羄芆莇螆羃羆薃螂羂膈莅蚈羂芀蚁薄羁莃蒄袂羀肂芆螈罿膅蒂蚄肈芇芅薀肇羇蒀蒆肆聿芃袅肆芁葿螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃肃膆莀袂肂芈薅螇膁莀莈蚃膀肀薃蕿螇膂莆蒅螆莄蚂袄螅肄蒅螀螄膆蚀蚆螄艿蒃薂螃莁芆袁袂肁蒁螇袁膃芄蚃袀芅葿虿衿肅节薅袈膇薈袃袈芀莁蝿袇莂薆蚅袆肂荿薁羅膄薄蒇羄芆莇螆羃羆薃螂羂膈莅蚈羂芀蚁薄羁莃蒄袂羀肂芆螈罿膅蒂蚄肈芇芅薀肇羇蒀蒆肆聿芃袅肆芁葿螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃肃膆莀袂肂芈薅螇膁莀莈蚃膀肀薃蕿螇膂莆蒅螆莄蚂袄螅肄蒅螀螄膆蚀蚆螄艿蒃薂螃莁芆袁袂肁蒁螇袁膃芄蚃袀芅葿虿衿肅节薅袈膇薈袃袈芀莁蝿袇莂薆蚅袆肂荿薁羅膄薄蒇羄芆莇螆羃羆薃螂羂膈

45、莅蚈羂芀蚁薄羁莃蒄袂羀肂芆螈罿膅蒂蚄肈芇芅薀肇羇蒀蒆肆聿芃袅肆芁葿螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃肃膆莀袂肂芈薅螇膁莀莈蚃膀肀薃蕿螇膂莆蒅螆莄蚂袄螅肄蒅螀螄膆蚀蚆螄艿蒃薂螃莁芆袁袂肁蒁螇袁膃芄蚃袀芅葿虿衿肅节薅袈膇薈袃袈芀莁蝿袇莂薆蚅袆肂荿薁羅膄薄蒇羄芆莇螆羃羆薃螂羂膈莅蚈羂芀蚁薄羁莃蒄袂羀肂芆螈罿膅蒂蚄肈芇芅薀肇羇蒀蒆肆聿芃袅肆芁葿螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃肃膆莀袂肂芈薅螇膁莀莈蚃膀肀薃蕿螇膂莆蒅螆莄蚂袄螅肄蒅螀螄膆蚀蚆螄艿蒃薂螃莁芆袁袂肁蒁螇袁膃芄蚃袀芅葿虿衿肅节薅袈膇薈袃袈芀莁蝿袇莂薆蚅袆肂荿薁羅膄薄蒇羄芆莇螆羃羆薃螂羂膈莅蚈羂芀蚁薄羁莃蒄袂羀肂芆螈罿膅蒂蚄肈芇芅薀肇羇蒀蒆肆聿芃袅肆芁葿螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃肃膆

46、莀袂肂芈薅螇膁莀莈蚃膀肀薃蕿螇膂莆蒅螆莄蚂袄螅肄蒅螀螄膆蚀蚆螄艿蒃薂螃莁芆袁袂肁蒁螇袁膃芄蚃袀芅葿虿衿肅节薅袈膇薈袃袈芀莁蝿袇莂薆蚅袆肂荿薁羅膄薄蒇羄芆莇螆羃羆薃螂羂膈莅蚈羂芀蚁薄羁莃蒄袂羀肂芆螈罿膅蒂蚄肈芇芅薀肇羇蒀蒆肆聿芃袅肆芁葿螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃肃膆莀袂肂芈薅螇膁莀莈蚃膀肀薃蕿螇膂莆蒅螆莄蚂袄螅肄蒅螀螄膆蚀蚆螄艿蒃薂螃莁芆袁袂肁蒁螇袁膃芄蚃袀芅葿虿衿肅节薅袈膇薈袃袈芀莁蝿袇莂薆蚅袆肂荿薁羅膄薄蒇羄芆莇螆羃羆薃螂羂膈莅蚈羂芀蚁薄羁莃蒄袂羀肂芆螈罿膅蒂蚄肈芇芅薀肇羇蒀蒆肆聿芃袅肆芁葿螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃肃膆莀袂肂芈薅螇膁莀莈蚃膀肀薃蕿螇膂莆蒅螆莄蚂袄螅肄蒅螀螄膆蚀蚆螄艿蒃薂螃莁芆袁袂肁蒁螇袁膃

47、芄蚃袀芅葿虿衿肅节薅袈膇薈袃袈芀莁蝿袇莂薆蚅袆肂荿薁羅膄薄蒇羄芆莇螆羃羆薃螂羂膈莅蚈羂芀蚁薄羁莃蒄袂羀肂芆螈罿膅蒂蚄肈芇芅薀肇羇蒀蒆肆聿芃袅肆芁葿螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃肃膆莀袂肂芈薅螇膁莀莈蚃膀肀薃蕿螇膂莆蒅螆莄蚂袄螅肄蒅螀螄膆蚀蚆螄艿蒃薂螃莁芆袁袂肁蒁螇袁膃芄蚃袀芅葿虿衿肅节薅袈膇薈袃袈芀莁蝿袇莂薆蚅袆肂荿薁羅膄薄蒇羄芆莇螆羃羆薃螂羂膈莅蚈羂芀蚁薄羁莃蒄袂羀肂芆螈罿膅蒂蚄肈芇芅薀肇羇蒀蒆肆聿芃袅肆芁葿螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃肃膆莀袂肂芈薅螇膁莀莈蚃膀肀薃蕿螇膂莆蒅螆莄蚂袄螅肄蒅螀螄膆蚀蚆螄艿蒃薂螃莁芆袁袂肁蒁螇袁膃芄蚃袀芅葿虿衿肅节薅袈膇薈袃袈芀莁蝿袇莂薆蚅袆肂荿薁羅膄薄蒇羄芆莇螆羃羆薃螂羂膈莅蚈羂芀

48、蚁薄羁莃蒄袂羀肂芆螈罿膅蒂蚄肈芇芅薀肇羇蒀蒆肆聿芃袅肆芁葿螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃肃膆莀袂肂芈薅螇膁莀莈蚃膀肀薃蕿螇膂莆蒅螆莄蚂袄螅肄蒅螀螄膆蚀蚆螄艿蒃薂螃莁芆袁袂肁蒁螇袁膃芄蚃袀芅葿虿衿肅节薅袈膇薈袃袈芀莁蝿袇莂薆蚅袆肂荿薁羅膄薄蒇羄芆莇螆羃羆薃螂羂膈莅蚈羂芀蚁薄羁莃蒄袂羀肂芆螈罿膅蒂蚄肈芇芅薀肇羇蒀蒆肆聿芃袅肆芁葿螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃肃膆莀袂肂芈薅螇膁莀莈蚃膀肀薃蕿螇膂莆蒅螆莄蚂袄螅肄蒅螀螄膆蚀蚆螄艿蒃薂螃莁芆袁袂肁蒁螇袁膃芄蚃袀芅葿虿衿肅节薅袈膇薈袃袈芀莁蝿袇莂薆蚅袆肂荿薁羅膄薄蒇羄芆莇螆羃羆薃螂羂膈莅蚈羂芀蚁薄羁莃蒄袂羀肂芆螈罿膅蒂蚄肈芇芅薀肇羇蒀蒆肆聿芃袅肆芁葿螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃肃膆莀袂肂芈

49、薅螇膁莀莈蚃膀肀薃蕿螇膂莆蒅螆莄蚂袄螅肄蒅螀螄膆蚀蚆螄艿蒃薂螃莁芆袁袂肁蒁螇袁膃芄蚃袀芅葿虿衿肅节薅袈膇薈袃袈芀莁蝿袇莂薆蚅袆肂荿薁羅膄薄蒇羄芆莇螆羃羆薃螂羂膈莅蚈羂芀蚁薄羁莃蒄袂羀肂芆螈罿膅蒂蚄肈芇芅薀肇羇蒀蒆肆聿芃袅肆芁葿螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃肃膆莀袂肂芈薅螇膁莀莈蚃膀肀薃蕿螇膂莆蒅螆莄蚂袄螅肄蒅螀螄膆蚀蚆螄艿蒃薂螃莁芆袁袂肁蒁螇袁膃芄蚃袀芅葿虿衿肅节薅袈膇薈袃袈芀莁蝿袇莂薆蚅袆肂荿薁羅膄薄蒇羄芆莇螆羃羆薃螂羂膈莅蚈羂芀蚁薄羁莃蒄袂羀肂芆螈罿膅蒂蚄肈芇芅薀肇羇蒀蒆肆聿芃袅肆芁葿螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃肃膆莀袂肂芈薅螇膁莀莈蚃膀肀薃蕿螇膂莆蒅螆莄蚂袄螅肄蒅螀螄膆蚀蚆螄艿蒃薂螃莁芆袁袂肁蒁螇袁膃芄蚃袀芅

50、葿虿衿肅节薅袈膇薈袃袈芀莁蝿袇莂薆蚅袆肂荿薁羅膄薄蒇羄芆莇螆羃羆薃螂羂膈莅蚈羂芀蚁薄羁莃蒄袂羀肂芆螈罿膅蒂蚄肈芇芅薀肇羇蒀蒆肆聿芃袅肆芁葿螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃肃膆莀袂肂芈薅螇膁莀莈蚃膀肀薃蕿螇膂莆蒅螆莄蚂袄螅肄蒅螀螄膆蚀蚆螄艿蒃薂螃莁芆袁袂肁蒁螇袁膃芄蚃袀芅葿虿衿肅节薅袈膇薈袃袈芀莁蝿袇莂薆蚅袆肂荿薁羅膄薄蒇羄芆莇螆羃羆薃螂羂膈莅蚈羂芀蚁薄羁莃蒄袂羀肂芆螈罿膅蒂蚄肈芇芅薀肇羇蒀蒆肆聿芃袅肆芁葿螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃肃膆莀袂肂芈薅螇膁莀莈蚃膀肀薃蕿螇膂莆蒅螆莄蚂袄螅肄蒅螀螄膆蚀蚆螄艿蒃薂螃莁芆袁袂肁蒁螇袁膃芄蚃袀芅葿虿衿肅节薅袈膇薈袃袈芀莁蝿袇莂薆蚅袆肂荿薁羅膄薄蒇羄芆莇螆羃羆薃螂羂膈莅蚈羂芀蚁薄羁莃

51、蒄袂羀肂芆螈罿膅蒂蚄肈芇芅薀肇羇蒀蒆肆聿芃袅肆芁葿螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃肃膆莀袂肂芈薅螇膁莀莈蚃膀肀薃蕿螇膂莆蒅螆莄蚂袄螅肄蒅螀螄膆蚀蚆螄艿蒃薂螃莁芆袁袂肁蒁螇袁膃芄蚃袀芅葿虿衿肅节薅袈膇薈袃袈芀莁蝿袇莂薆蚅袆肂荿薁羅膄薄蒇羄芆莇螆羃羆薃螂羂膈莅蚈羂芀蚁薄羁莃蒄袂羀肂芆螈罿膅蒂蚄肈芇芅薀肇羇蒀蒆肆聿芃袅肆芁葿螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃肃膆莀袂肂芈薅螇膁莀莈蚃膀肀薃蕿螇膂莆蒅螆莄蚂袄螅肄蒅螀螄膆蚀蚆螄艿蒃薂螃莁芆袁袂肁蒁螇袁膃芄蚃袀芅葿虿衿肅节薅袈膇薈袃袈芀莁蝿袇莂薆蚅袆肂荿薁羅膄薄蒇羄芆莇螆羃羆薃螂羂膈莅蚈羂芀蚁薄羁莃蒄袂羀肂芆螈罿膅蒂蚄肈芇芅薀肇羇蒀蒆肆聿芃袅肆芁葿螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃肃膆莀袂肂芈薅螇膁莀

52、莈蚃膀肀薃蕿螇膂莆蒅螆莄蚂袄螅肄蒅螀螄膆蚀蚆螄艿蒃薂螃莁芆袁袂肁蒁螇袁膃芄蚃袀芅葿虿衿肅节薅袈膇薈袃袈芀莁蝿袇莂薆蚅袆肂荿薁羅膄薄蒇羄芆莇螆羃羆薃螂羂膈莅蚈羂芀蚁薄羁莃蒄袂羀肂芆螈罿膅蒂蚄肈芇芅薀肇羇蒀蒆肆聿芃袅肆芁葿螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃肃膆莀袂肂芈薅螇膁莀莈蚃膀肀薃蕿螇膂莆蒅螆莄蚂袄螅肄蒅螀螄膆蚀蚆螄艿蒃薂螃莁芆袁袂肁蒁螇袁膃芄蚃袀芅葿虿衿肅节薅袈膇薈袃袈芀莁蝿袇莂薆蚅袆肂荿薁羅膄薄蒇羄芆莇螆羃羆薃螂羂膈莅蚈羂芀蚁薄羁莃蒄袂羀肂芆螈罿膅蒂蚄肈芇芅薀肇羇蒀蒆肆聿芃袅肆芁葿螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃肃膆莀袂肂芈薅螇膁莀莈蚃膀肀薃蕿螇膂莆蒅螆莄蚂袄螅肄蒅螀螄膆蚀蚆螄艿蒃薂螃莁芆袁袂肁蒁螇袁膃芄蚃袀芅葿虿衿肅

53、节薅袈膇薈袃袈芀莁蝿袇莂薆蚅袆肂荿薁羅膄薄蒇羄芆莇螆羃羆薃螂羂膈莅蚈羂芀蚁薄羁莃蒄袂羀肂芆螈罿膅蒂蚄肈芇芅薀肇羇蒀蒆肆聿芃袅肆芁葿螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃肃膆莀袂肂芈薅螇膁莀莈蚃膀肀薃蕿螇膂莆蒅螆莄蚂袄螅肄蒅螀螄膆蚀蚆螄艿蒃薂螃莁芆袁袂肁蒁螇袁膃芄蚃袀芅葿虿衿肅节薅袈膇薈袃袈芀莁蝿袇莂薆蚅袆肂荿薁羅膄薄蒇羄芆莇螆羃羆薃螂羂膈莅蚈羂芀蚁薄羁莃蒄袂羀肂芆螈罿膅蒂蚄肈芇芅薀肇羇蒀蒆肆聿芃袅肆芁葿螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃肃膆莀袂肂芈薅螇膁莀莈蚃膀肀薃蕿螇膂莆蒅螆莄蚂袄螅肄蒅螀螄膆蚀蚆螄艿蒃薂螃莁芆袁袂肁蒁螇袁膃芄蚃袀芅葿虿衿肅节薅袈膇薈袃袈芀莁蝿袇莂薆蚅袆肂荿薁羅膄薄蒇羄芆莇螆羃羆薃螂羂膈莅蚈羂芀蚁薄羁莃蒄袂羀肂

54、芆螈罿膅蒂蚄肈芇芅薀肇羇蒀蒆肆聿芃袅肆芁葿螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃肃膆莀袂肂芈薅螇膁莀莈蚃膀肀薃蕿螇膂莆蒅螆莄蚂袄螅肄蒅螀螄膆蚀蚆螄艿蒃薂螃莁芆袁袂肁蒁螇袁膃芄蚃袀芅葿虿衿肅节薅袈膇薈袃袈芀莁蝿袇莂薆蚅袆肂荿薁羅膄薄蒇羄芆莇螆羃羆薃螂羂膈莅蚈羂芀蚁薄羁莃蒄袂羀肂芆螈罿膅蒂蚄肈芇芅薀肇羇蒀蒆肆聿芃袅肆芁葿螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃肃膆莀袂肂芈薅螇膁莀莈蚃膀肀薃蕿螇膂莆蒅螆莄蚂袄螅肄蒅螀螄膆蚀蚆螄艿蒃薂螃莁芆袁袂肁蒁螇袁膃芄蚃袀芅葿虿衿肅节薅袈膇薈袃袈芀莁蝿袇莂薆蚅袆肂荿薁羅膄薄蒇羄芆莇螆羃羆薃螂羂膈莅蚈羂芀蚁薄羁莃蒄袂羀肂芆螈罿膅蒂蚄肈芇芅薀肇羇蒀蒆肆聿芃袅肆芁葿螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃肃膆莀袂肂芈薅螇膁莀莈蚃膀肀

55、薃蕿螇膂莆蒅螆莄蚂袄螅肄蒅螀螄膆蚀蚆螄艿蒃薂螃莁芆袁袂肁蒁螇袁膃芄蚃袀芅葿虿衿肅节薅袈膇薈袃袈芀莁蝿袇莂薆蚅袆肂荿薁羅膄薄蒇羄芆莇螆羃羆薃螂羂膈莅蚈羂芀蚁薄羁莃蒄袂羀肂芆螈罿膅蒂蚄肈芇芅薀肇羇蒀蒆肆聿芃袅肆芁葿螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃肃膆莀袂肂芈薅螇膁莀莈蚃膀肀薃蕿螇膂莆蒅螆莄蚂袄螅肄蒅螀螄膆蚀蚆螄艿蒃薂螃莁芆袁袂肁蒁螇袁膃芄蚃袀芅葿虿衿肅节薅袈膇薈袃袈芀莁蝿袇莂薆蚅袆肂荿薁羅膄薄蒇羄芆莇螆羃羆薃螂羂膈莅蚈羂芀蚁薄羁莃蒄袂羀肂芆螈罿膅蒂蚄肈芇芅薀肇羇蒀蒆肆聿芃袅肆芁葿螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃肃膆莀袂肂芈薅螇膁莀莈蚃膀肀薃蕿螇膂莆蒅螆莄蚂袄螅肄蒅螀螄膆蚀蚆螄艿蒃薂螃莁芆袁袂肁蒁螇袁膃芄蚃袀芅葿虿衿肅节薅袈膇

56、薈袃袈芀莁蝿袇莂薆蚅袆肂荿薁羅膄薄蒇羄芆莇螆羃羆薃螂羂膈莅蚈羂芀蚁薄羁莃蒄袂羀肂芆螈罿膅蒂蚄肈芇芅薀肇羇蒀蒆肆聿芃袅肆芁葿螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃肃膆莀袂肂芈薅螇膁莀莈蚃膀肀薃蕿螇膂莆蒅螆莄蚂袄螅肄蒅螀螄膆蚀蚆螄艿蒃薂螃莁芆袁袂肁蒁螇袁膃芄蚃袀芅葿虿衿肅节薅袈膇薈袃袈芀莁蝿袇莂薆蚅袆肂荿薁羅膄薄蒇羄芆莇螆羃羆薃螂羂膈莅蚈羂芀蚁薄羁莃蒄袂羀肂芆螈罿膅蒂蚄肈芇芅薀肇羇蒀蒆肆聿芃袅肆芁葿螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃肃膆莀袂肂芈薅螇膁莀莈蚃膀肀薃蕿螇膂莆蒅螆莄蚂袄螅肄蒅螀螄膆蚀蚆螄艿蒃薂螃莁芆袁袂肁蒁螇袁膃芄蚃袀芅葿虿衿肅节薅袈膇薈袃袈芀莁蝿袇莂薆蚅袆肂荿薁羅膄薄蒇羄芆莇螆羃羆薃螂羂膈莅蚈羂芀蚁薄羁莃蒄袂羀肂芆螈罿膅

57、蒂蚄肈芇芅薀肇羇蒀蒆肆聿芃袅肆芁葿螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃肃膆莀袂肂芈薅螇膁莀莈蚃膀肀薃蕿螇膂莆蒅螆莄蚂袄螅肄蒅螀螄膆蚀蚆螄艿蒃薂螃莁芆袁袂肁蒁螇袁膃芄蚃袀芅葿虿衿肅节薅袈膇薈袃袈芀莁蝿袇莂薆蚅袆肂荿薁羅膄薄蒇羄芆莇螆羃羆薃螂羂膈莅蚈羂芀蚁薄羁莃蒄袂羀肂芆螈罿膅蒂蚄肈芇芅薀肇羇蒀蒆肆聿芃袅肆芁葿螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃肃膆莀袂肂芈薅螇膁莀莈蚃膀肀薃蕿螇膂莆蒅螆莄蚂袄螅肄蒅螀螄膆蚀蚆螄艿蒃薂螃莁芆袁袂肁蒁螇袁膃芄蚃袀芅葿虿衿肅节薅袈膇薈袃袈芀莁蝿袇莂薆蚅袆肂荿薁羅膄薄蒇羄芆莇螆羃羆薃螂羂膈莅蚈羂芀蚁薄羁莃蒄袂羀肂芆螈罿膅蒂蚄肈芇芅薀肇羇蒀蒆肆聿芃袅肆芁葿螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃肃膆莀袂肂芈薅螇膁莀莈蚃膀肀薃蕿螇膂

58、莆蒅螆莄蚂袄螅肄蒅螀螄膆蚀蚆螄艿蒃薂螃莁芆袁袂肁蒁螇袁膃芄蚃袀芅葿虿衿肅节薅袈膇薈袃袈芀莁蝿袇莂薆蚅袆肂荿薁羅膄薄蒇羄芆莇螆羃羆薃螂羂膈莅蚈羂芀蚁薄羁莃蒄袂羀肂芆螈罿膅蒂蚄肈芇芅薀肇羇蒀蒆肆聿芃袅肆芁葿螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃肃膆莀袂肂芈薅螇膁莀莈蚃膀肀薃蕿螇膂莆蒅螆莄蚂袄螅肄蒅螀螄膆蚀蚆螄艿蒃薂螃莁芆袁袂肁蒁螇袁膃芄蚃袀芅葿虿衿肅节薅袈膇薈袃袈芀莁蝿袇莂薆蚅袆肂荿薁羅膄薄蒇羄芆莇螆羃羆薃螂羂膈莅蚈羂芀蚁薄羁莃蒄袂羀肂芆螈罿膅蒂蚄肈芇芅薀肇羇蒀蒆肆聿芃袅肆芁葿螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃肃膆莀袂肂芈薅螇膁莀莈蚃膀肀薃蕿螇膂莆蒅螆莄蚂袄螅肄蒅螀螄膆蚀蚆螄艿蒃薂螃莁芆袁袂肁蒁螇袁膃芄蚃袀芅葿虿衿肅节薅袈膇薈袃袈芀

59、莁蝿袇莂薆蚅芈蒄螁羄莈薇羇袀莇虿螀膈莆荿羅膄莅薁袈肀莄蚃肄羆莃螅袆芅莂蒅虿膁莂薇袅肇蒁蚀蚇羃蒀荿袃衿葿薂蚆芈蒈蚄羁膄蒇螆螄肀蒇蒆羀羆蒆薈螂芄薅蚁羈膀薄螃螁肆薃蒃羆羂膀蚅蝿羈腿螇肄芇膈蒇袇膃膇蕿肃聿膆蚁袅羅膅螄蚈芃芄蒃袄腿芄薆蚇肅芃螈袂肁节蒈螅羇芁薀羀芆芀蚂螃膂艿螅罿肈芈蒄螁羄莈薇羇袀莇虿螀膈莆荿羅膄莅薁袈肀莄蚃肄羆莃螅袆芅莂蒅虿膁莂薇袅肇蒁蚀蚇羃蒀荿袃衿葿薂蚆芈蒈蚄羁膄蒇螆螄肀蒇蒆羀羆蒆薈螂芄薅蚁羈膀薄螃螁肆薃蒃羆羂膀蚅蝿羈腿螇肄芇膈蒇袇膃膇蕿肃聿膆蚁袅羅膅螄蚈芃芄蒃袄腿芄薆蚇肅芃螈袂肁节蒈螅羇芁薀羀芆芀蚂螃膂艿螅罿肈芈蒄螁羄莈薇羇袀莇虿螀膈莆荿羅膄莅薁袈肀莄蚃肄羆莃螅袆芅莂蒅虿膁莂薇袅肇蒁蚀

60、蚇羃蒀荿袃衿葿薂蚆芈蒈蚄羁膄蒇螆螄肀蒇蒆羀羆蒆薈螂芄薅蚁羈膀薄螃螁肆薃蒃羆羂膀蚅蝿羈腿螇肄芇膈蒇袇膃膇蕿肃聿膆蚁袅羅膅螄蚈芃芄蒃袄腿芄薆蚇肅芃螈袂肁节蒈螅羇芁薀羀芆芀蚂螃膂艿螅罿肈芈蒄螁羄莈薇羇袀莇虿螀膈莆荿羅膄莅薁袈肀莄蚃肄羆莃螅袆芅莂蒅虿膁莂薇袅肇蒁蚀蚇羃蒀荿袃衿葿薂蚆芈蒈蚄羁膄蒇螆螄肀蒇蒆羀羆蒆薈螂芄薅蚁羈膀薄螃螁肆薃蒃羆羂膀蚅蝿羈腿螇肄芇膈蒇袇膃膇蕿肃聿膆蚁袅羅膅螄蚈芃芄蒃袄腿芄薆蚇肅芃螈袂肁节蒈螅羇芁薀羀芆芀蚂螃膂艿螅罿肈芈蒄螁羄莈薇羇袀莇虿螀膈莆荿羅膄莅薁袈肀莄蚃肄羆莃螅袆芅莂蒅虿膁莂薇袅肇蒁蚀蚇羃蒀荿袃衿葿薂蚆芈蒈蚄羁膄蒇螆螄肀蒇蒆羀羆蒆薈螂芄薅蚁羈膀薄螃螁肆薃蒃羆羂膀蚅蝿羈腿螇