Book5_U2_重点词汇讲解 (2)

1、Book 5_U2_资源库_词汇第 PAGE 12 页 共 NUMPAGES 12 页 DATE yyyy-M-d 2009-6-12牛津高中资源库之词汇设计单元：Unit 2 The Environment板块：词汇1. A healthy environment is important for our survival.survival 的用法 n.存在，幸存 survivor n。生存者The survival of the fittest is the law of nature. 适者生存是自然法则。He is the only survival in the air crash.

2、他是空难的唯一幸存者。survive v.活着，继续存在；比活得长；从困境中活过来或挺过来Few survived after the flood.洪水后生还者很少。The custom sstill survives.这种风俗习惯还保存着。He survived his wife for many years.他比她妻子多活好多年。The house survived the storm.经过暴风雨的袭击，着所房屋并未倒塌2. In addition,many sea creatures are being wiped out by fishing boats.此外，捕捞船正在将大量的海洋生

3、物干尽杀绝。in addition 加上，又，另外In addition, I have one more suggestion to make.另外，我还有个建议要提。In addition to the tips mentioned above, students should pay attention to one more tip.除了上所提到的注意事项，学生们还得注意一点。an addition to the class 一名班里新加的同学additional 多余的； 额外的The government is providing an additional 1 million y

4、uan to carry out the experiment.3. wipe out 扫除，清除掉，购销（债务），消灭，毁灭We should call on the people to wipe out flies ,mice and so on.我们应该号召人民消灭苍蝇、老鼠等。It was wiped out from his memory.这件事从他的记忆中消失了。拓展：wipe off dirt擦去灰尘 The rain then falling wiped away all the footprints.当时正下着雨，把所有的足迹都冲掉了。4. .without giving t

5、hem time to lay eggs 没有时间给他们产卵lay laid laid1). 产；下This kind of birds lay their eggs in other birds nests这种鸟把自己的蛋下在别的鸟的巢里。.This is the season when fish lay eggs, therefore fishing is forbidden.这是个鱼产卵的季节，因而禁止捕鱼。2)放；搁，铺设You should not lay your new suit on the bed你不该把你的新西装放在床上。.Youd better put the probl

6、em aside and think about it later.你最好把这个问题放一放，过一会儿再思考。 The workers are laying the cable.工人们在铺设电缆。3)摆放to lay the table 摆放餐具准备用餐。注意：lieliedliedlying说谎 lielaylainlying躺 laylaidlaidlaying放置，搁，产卵5. The people running these factories are very concerned about the environment.经营这些工厂的人很关注环境。run 1)跑Luis can r

7、un as fast as a horse刘易斯跑得象马一样快。2)经营He is learning how to run a business.他正在学如何经营事业。3)开设The school runs courses for those who want to improve their English.学校为那些想提高英语的人开设课程。4)开动，运转Who can run this machine?谁能开动这台机器？Who had the machine running the whole night yesterday?谁让机器昨天开一夜？5)延伸This road runs as

8、far as the river.这条路一直通到河。6)流；淌Tears ran down her face after she heard the moving story. 听了那动人的故事，泪水沿着脸流下。running water 自来水6. be concerned about(for ,over)对关心We are all concerned aour her safety.我们都很关心她的安全。She was much concerned over the living conditions of the refugees.她很关心难民的生活情况。Concerned 形容词，意思

9、是“和有关We shall have to consult the other countries concerned.我们得和其他有关国家磋商。This was good news to everyone concerned.这对每一个有关的人来说都是好消息。concerning prep.介词，通常用于比较正式的场合，意思是“关于”I wrote to the head of the company concerning a business arrangement.我就一项业务安排问题写信给该公司经理。as far as be concerned 就而言As far as Im conc

10、erned, I cannot object to your marriage.就我个人而言，我不反对你们结婚。7. The figure is now approaching 6.5 billion people.Figure数字Dont jist liik at the figures, look at the quality of work.,too.不要只看数字，还要看工作质量。1)figure 图形，人物square figure 方形historical figure 历史人物2)figure out弄懂，弄明白，想出办法Ill figure out what to do next

11、. 我来看看下一部怎么办。8. What if we run out of space?要是我们用完了空间怎么办/We have run out of milk and bread.我们没有牛奶和面包了。run for竞选She run for mayor three times.她三次竞选市长。run across 偶遇run after追赶，追逐I ran across my teacher at the hall. 我在大厅里遇到了老师。9.Ecotourists are people who visit an area and do not harm or damage the eco

12、system.生态旅游者是指那些参观该地区但不破坏或损害生态系统的人。eco-环境的，生态的ecology 生态学 ecological生态的 ecologist生态学家 ecotype生态型 ecoearriers生态保护战士ecotourism生态旅游 ecotourist生态旅游者ecofriendly环保的 ecodevelopment生态发展 ecosystem生态系统eco-activi生态活动 ecocatastrophe生态灾难10.global adj. 全球的，全世界的 global issue 全球性问题 global village 地球村 global warming

13、 全球变暖 globalize v. 全球化，全世界化 globalization n. the globalization of world trade 世界贸易的全球化 globe n. 地球仪，地球，世界 tourists from every corner of the globe 来自世界各地的游人11. The cars are all electric and can be plugged into normal outlets. 这些车都是用电的可以插入正常的插座。electric adj.电的，用电的，带电的 electric light/guitar 电灯/电吉他 elec

14、tric razor 电动剃须刀 electric blanket 电热毯 electrical adj. 电的，与电有关的，电气科学的 electrical equipment 电器设备 electrical engineering 电机工程 electricity n. 电 electrician n. 电工12. One of the customs officers 其中一个海关官员customs n. 海关，报关手续,关税It took us an hour to get through/pass the customs.我们花了一个小时的时间通过海关。I had to pay cu

15、stoms on this camera.我得为这部相机支付关税。custom n. 风俗习惯，习俗Social customs vary greatly from coutry to country.各个国家的社会习俗有很大的差异。the custom of giving presents at Christmas 圣诞互赠礼物的习俗It is the custom in that country for women to marryyoung.那个国家妇女早婚是一种风俗习惯。the Customs 海关a customs officer 海关人员customs duties 关税13 wa

16、s watching the arrivals closelyclose adv.接近，紧密Dont come too close. 别靠得太近。They sat close together. 他们紧挨着坐在一起。closely adv.密切地，仔细地 I sat and watched everyone very closely.我坐着仔细观察每一个人。 The two events are closely connected. 两起事件有着紧密的联系。类似的词还有： deep/deeply high/highly wide/widelyHe kept his eyes wide open

17、.他睁大眼睛。Computers are widely used in our life.计算机广泛地用于生活中。14.The state of our parks is very shocking,with rubbish everywhere.公园里到处都是垃圾，令人震惊。Shock v.使震惊I was very much shocked at the sight.这情景使我大为震惊。Shock n.冲击，打击，电击It was a great shock for him when his wife died.他妻子的死对他上一个沉重的打击。An electric shock can k

18、ill you.电击可致人于死地。相关短语：culture shock文化冲击（休克）future shock未来冲击（震撼）shocked 感到震惊 shocking令人震惊15. I was very impressed.我留下了很深的印象。As a result , you impressed the audience.结果你给观众留下了深刻的印象。impress v.给留下印象 We interviewed a number of candidates but none of them impressed us.我们和数名申请人进行了面谈，但没给我们留下什么印象。He impresse

19、d her with his sincerity.他以自己的真诚给她留下了深刻的印象。impression n. 印象，感想My first impression of him was favourable.他给我的第一印象不错。She gives the impression of being very busy.她给人的感觉总是很忙。 Makeimpression on 给留下印象 His trip to India made a strong impression on him.他的印度之行对他的振动很大。leave an impression on sb给某人留下印象。16. The

20、United Nations and its member countries are working hard to combat desertification.联合国及其成员国正与土地沙化做斗争。nation: 国家；全国的人；民族No agreement was reached between the two nations.两国间未达成协议The president spoke on TV to the nation.总统通过电视对全国人民讲话。The rise and fall of a nation is the concern of every citizen.国家兴亡，匹夫有

21、责。the United Nations 联合国 相关的词和词语：national adj. The Chinese national anthem is called March of the Volunteers.中国的国歌叫“义勇军进行曲”。national defence 国防 national flower 国花 national emblem 国徽 the national flag 国旗national treasure 国宝increase national income 提高国民收入比较：country是地理上的“国家”，侧重指主权管辖下的整个区域Great changes

22、are taking place all over the country.全国上下正在发生巨大的变化。Some parts of the country are much warmer than others.全国的一些地方比另一些地方暖和得多。nation指由民族构成的“国家”，侧重指民族和人民The whole nation was up in arms.全国人民都武装起来了。The future of our nation is bright.民族的为了是光明的。 state是政权意义上的“国家”，侧重指国家的政治组织 Mothers and children are protecte

23、d by the state.妇女儿童受政府的保护。 Education is controlled by the state.教育是由国家政府部门控制的。17.This is one of the cheapest and most effective ways of decreasing desertification.这是减少沙化的最便宜、最有效的方法之一。decrease;(v. ) （使某物）变小或变少；减少；(n.) decrease ( in sth. ) 减少；降低Student numbers have decreased by 500.学生人数减少了500。The memb

24、ership decreased to 150.会员数减少到150。Interest in the sport is decreasing.人民对这项运动项目的兴趣已逐渐淡薄。 There has been a decrease in population.人口数已有下降。反义词；increaseTourists have increased in number.旅游者的人数增加了。Increase in population caused a shortage of food.人口的增加导致了粮食的不足18. The center has over 300 scientists and te

25、chnicians to help with anti-desertification measures and 这个中心有300多位科学家和技术人员来帮助采取措施防止沙化measure; (v).量度，测量；（ n. ）量器；尺度，标准；措施，办法；The tailor measured me (up) for a suit. 裁缝给我量尺寸做衣服。This room measures 6 meters by 4.这个房间6米长，4米宽。They took strong measures against reckless drivers.他们对于卤莽的驾驶员采取了强硬的手段。clothes

26、made to measure 订做的衣服 a tape measure 卷尺 19. This center was set up in 1996 and is stocked with modern technical equipment and computers for environmental research.这个中心是在1996年建立的，配有用于环境研究的先进设备及计算机。 stock;(n) 库存物，存货；(adj.)常备的；常用的，陈腐的 (v.) 储备Have you any red shirts in stock?你们有红色衬衣的的现货吗？As soon as they

27、 heard about possible food shortages, they began to stock up.他们一听说食物可能短缺，就立刻储备起来。We stock a lot of canned food in the basement.我们在地下室里储存了大量的罐头食品。Stocks of the company are rising (falling)该公司的股票正在上涨（下跌）。the stock exchange 证券交易所20.using satelliests to pick out areas likely to be affected by desertific

28、ation用卫星找出肯受荒漠化影响的地区pick out选出，拣出Here are sone magazines. You can pick out those you want.这里有一些杂志，你可挑出你想要的。pick up;拈起，学会，收听到，搭载，康复She picked up the telephone on her desk and began to dial.她拿起桌上的电话开始拨号。The lirrle girl picked herself up and went on playing.那小女还自己爬起来玩。Young children soon pick up words

29、they hear their elders use.小孩很快就学会了他们听到大人们讲的那些话。We picked up signals for help in the radio.我们在无线电里收到了呼救信号。The bus stopped to pick up passengers.公共汽车停下来让乘客上车。She was ill for some time , but she is now picking up.她病了一阵子，不过现在正在康复。辨析：pick out,choose 和selectpick out指“仔细挑选”，表示选择时的小心谨慎；choose是一般性选择，在明确两 者之

30、间选一个时，用select侧重于从许多不同种类中进行挑选时的挑剔态度21. ,it is clear to see why the environmental problems of the Yangtze River have raised concern both nationally and internationally.很清楚可以看出长江的环境问题引起了过内外的关注。raise;(v)举起，提起，升起，提高，引起，激起，使产生或出现，养育，饲养，She raised her eyes and stared at me. 她抬起眼睛盯着我。My salary was raised to

31、 50000 yuan a year.我的薪水被增加到每年50000元。Please raise your hand.请举手。She raised the window and let in the fresh air.她把窗户推上去，让新鲜空气进来。He raised his voice.他提高声音。I was raised by my aunt.我由姑姑抚养长大。raise money 募捐/raise a question 提问题/raise cattle 养牛比较：raise vt. (raised/raised) 举起，抬起 rise vi.( rose/risen) 上升，起立Pr

32、ices have been raised up.价格被提高了。 Prices rose gradually. 价格逐渐上涨。22. Experts have assessed the river and are now trying to work out possible solutions to the many problems.专家门对该河进行了评估。正努力找出解决问题的办法。assess v. 确定，评定（某数额），评定（某事物）的价值/质量，估价，assessment n. They sent a valuer to assess the value of the house.他

33、们派了一位估价者去给房子估价。 Its difficult to assess the importance of the Presidents speech.总统讲话的影响很难估计。Continuous assessment is made of all students work.对学生的功课做出联贯性的评价。23which has endangered the wild animal population. 使野生动物的数量面临危机。endanger v.危及，危害 endangered adj.濒临灭绝的There can be no soubt that smoking endang

34、ers your health.毫无疑问吸烟危害你的健康。You will endanger your health if you work so hard.如果你工作过度劳累，健康会受到损害。“前缀 en+名词”构成的动词还有；enjoy（享受，喜爱） encourage（鼓励，激励） enforce（实施，加强）前缀en还可加在形容词前面构成动词，如enrich （使丰富）enlarge（扩大） enable（使能够）Music can enrich your life.音乐能丰富你的人生。The company is looking for new ways of enlarging i

35、ts market.公司正在寻找扩大市场的新途径。24. Boats are prohibited from entering this area in order to keep the dophins safe.为了保护海豚的安全，船只禁止进入这一区域。Prohibit禁止Should smoking be peohibited in public places?公共场所应该禁止吸烟吗？反义词：allow ，permitallow/permit sb to do允许某人干某事allow/permit doing 允许赶某事They dont allow smoking.他们不准吸烟。My

36、boss soesnt aloow me to use the telephone.老板不允许我用这部电话。They permit parking here.他们准许在这里停车。辨析：prohibit 和forbidprohibit 指用法律法令来禁止某些事情prohibit sb from doing sth. 禁止某人干某事His poor eyesight prohibited him from becoming a pilot.他因视力弱而不能当飞行员。forbid 指个人禁止做某事（forbade,forbidden）firbid sb to do禁止某人干某事forbid doin

37、g禁止干某事Parking forbidden=No parking .禁止停车！25appreciate 赞赏，欣赏，感激I really appreciate your help.我真的很感激你的帮助。Do you appreciate good wine?你会鉴赏好酒吗？13.who rely on it for water.以长江水为生的人来说。For many years, they had to rely on the river before they built the pipe for running water.在接水管取自来水之前，多年来他们用水完全依靠这条河。depen

38、d on 依靠，依赖count on指望，依赖Can I count on you to help me?我能仰仗你的协助吗？You cant count on Tom being punctual.你不要指望汤姆会守时。练习（一） 词汇拼写1The two sides had a fierce d_before they reached an agreement.2There are no factories in the area,so there is no i_ pollution .3These measures are very b_,youd better take them.4

39、It is o_that he knows nothing about what has happened,you may tell him now.In order to study the s_ in Russia ,Marx began to learn Russian in his sixties.6The_(环境)pollution here is very serious, which the government should not take no notice of.Frankly speaking,I did it out of my _(愿意).8_(除了)remembe

40、ring new words,we should do more reading aloud in the morning.I am glad to see many of you have made _(稳定)progress this term.10.There are a variety of gases in the _(大气).11What Liu Xiang did at the Olympic Games excited the whole n_.12Using the right hand to shake hands is a c_.13They were talking a

41、cross the garden f_.14Because of the heavy rain the l_ of the lake has risen 6 inches.15At what age does an elephant reach full g_?16Too much work and too little rest often _(导致) to illness.17You will _(危及) your health if you work so hard.18Plastics today contribute to a wide _(范围) of industries.19T

42、hats just because you cant _(欣赏) music.20.The _(使用) of some English words are difficult to learn.21. Now its time _(自由发言),you may air your opinions freely.22.I am afraid we will have to stop at the gas station, we_ (用完) the oil.23.Which of the s_ of the four is true according the passage.24.We shall

43、 start upon the a_ of the last guest.25. Most students are working hard, some of them have already made r_ progress.26.His efforts finally _(导致结果) his great success.27.Some naughty boy cant _(集中)what the teachers say in class, they are often absent-minded.28.As is known to all ,it is _(非法的) to hunt

44、wildlife.29.Some animals have several _（胃）.30.His army _(装备)the weapons made in Germany . 31.Students are required to watch c_ when doing chemical experiment.32.He can earn money himself, he no longer needs to_(依靠) his parents.33.Now in the USA ,he has come to realize the _(重要性)of English.34.The are

45、a of land that is _(可耕的) is comparatively small.35.It is a s_ to cheat in the exams.二用所给的动词短语的适当形式填空一）. 选择正确的词或短语填空。voice,wipe out,live on, cut back on, expand, run, pay, tax, lay, approach1.Unlike tigers,deer_grass.2.He works very hard,of course he _well3.We should _hares for they are destroying th

46、e plants.4.The old worker can not _this machine,made in Japan.5.Its your turn to_your opinion.6.The products _heavily_when they are imported.7.Some countries have decided to_the number of army.8.The company will _its business by opening two more branches9.Autumn _,you may put on more clothes if nece

47、ssary.10.The hen_-an egg a day for a long time.二）用所给词汇的适当形式填空。The floor requires _.(wash)He could do nothing but _out for a walk alone.(go)I have never heard a single word_ in French.(speak)Not all children had a chance _to school at that time.(go)The book _on the table doesnt belong to me .(lie)The

48、y are practicing _ the new song .(sing)I feel like _him what I think of him.(tell)Wed better keep a secret of the things _here now.(discuss)Hurry up ! Mother is sure to _us at home. (wait for)10. Do you think the situation _(encourage)?11.The Giant Panda is known as the _ ( nation ) treasure of Chin

49、a.12.How can I get the _ ( dirty ) off the walls?13.You heard nothing _ ( concern ) this matter, did you?14.A good sleeping bag is an essential part of every campers _ ( equip).15.You should employ a variety of _ ( technical ) in the test.三 单项选择 1. Over one thousand people visited the exhibition _th

50、ose who were present at the opening ceremony on the first day.A. except B. except forC. with the exception D. in addition to2. He tried to _the memory of his former girl friend.A. wiped out of B. wipe inC. wipe upD. wipe out3. The boy _on the ground_to his father that the hen_two egges that day.A.la

51、ying;lied; laidB. lying; lied; laidC. lying; l;ay; liedD. lay;lied;laid4. The cup was full and the water in it was_. A.running overB. running outC. running throughD. runnin gout of5. Its not necessary for you to be _about others business. A. concern B. concerning C.concerned D. concern yourself6. I cant _why she said so.A. figure out B. think overC. think of D.figure on7. Everyone wishes for _peace.A. globe B.globallyC.global D.the globe8. The little