材料科学基础_概念中英文

1、材料科学基础_既念中英文材料科学基础重要概念(中英文)晶体学基础晶体学(crystaiiograph布喇菲点阵(Bravaisoiattice晶体生成学(crystaiioge)体心化(bodyocenteriig晶体结构学(crytaiioi底心化(baseocenteriig晶体化学(crystaiiochemiSt特殊心化(speciaiocentering晶体结构(crystaiostruc)t晶面(crystaiopiie点阵平移矢量(iatticeotransiation)v晶t(平)面指数(crystaio-opianeoi)dice初级单胞(primitiveoce晶带(zon

2、e)点阵常数(iatticeoparam)倒易空间(reciprocaiosp)e对称变换(symmetryotransiatti参考球(referenceosphe)e主动操作(activeooperat)o经线(iongitudde国际符号(internationaionot)道平面(equatoropiane点对称操作(pointosymmetryooperati极网(poieone)t旋转操作(rotationooperati结构基元(moti)二次旋转轴(twoo-ofoidoaxe,)di晶体几何学(geometricaiocrystaiiog)aphy四次旋转轴fouro-ofo

3、idoaxe,o加晶体物理学(crystaiiography)cs镜像(mirroroimage等同点(equivaientopo)nt对形关系(enantiomorphicoreia)i点阵(iatti)e反演(inversion初基矢量(primitiveotransiation)vector晶系(crystaiosyste复式初基单胞(muitipieo-oprimiti)oceii单斜晶系(monociinicosyst)m对称元素(symmetryoeiemen)四方晶系(正方晶系)(tetragonaiosys)对称群(symmetryogrou)六方晶系(hexagonaiosy

4、stem被动操作(passiveooperation熊夫利斯符号(schoenfiiesonotati点阵有心化(centeringoofoia)ttice恒等操作(单位操作)(identi加面心化faceocentering旋转轴(rotationoDx单面心化(oneo-ofaceocenteing三次旋转轴(threeo-ofoidoaxe,)口晶向d(crystaiodirec)ion六次旋转轴(sixo-ofoidoaxeoohe晶向(方向)指数(crystaio-odirection)镜面e(mirroropia)晶面族formoofcrystaio-opiane同宇(congru

5、ent倒易点阵(reciprocaioiattice旋转反演(rotationo-oinve)极射赤面投影(stereographicoproje)ion三斜晶系(triciinicosy)t参考网络(referenceog)d正交晶系(斜方晶系)(orthogonaiosyst)止纬线(iatitu)e立方晶系(cubicsystem)吴氏网(Wulffnet)菱方晶系(rhombohedralsystem)标准投影网(standardprojection)晶体结构晶体结构(crystalstructure)鲍林规则(Paulingsrule)结构符号(structuresymbol)氧化物

6、结构(oxidestructure)致密度(空间填充效率(efficiencyofspace岩盐结构(rockstructure)filling)纤维锌矿结构(wurtzitestructure)酉己位数(coordinationnumber)闪锌矿结构(zincblendestructure)配位多面体(coordinationpolyhedra)尖晶石结构(spinelstructure)拓扑密堆相(topologicallyclose一packeda-Al2O3型结构(corundumstructure)phase)金红石结构(rutilestructure)金属晶体(metalcrys

7、tal)萤石结构(fluoritestructure)离子晶体(ioniccrystal)钙钛矿结构(perovskitestructure)共价晶体(covalentcrystal)钛铁矿结构(ilmenitestructure)分子晶体(molecularcrystal)氯化铯结构(cesiumchloridestructure)原子半径和离子半径(atomicradiusandionic硅酸盐(silicate)radius)链状硅酸盐(chainsilicate)原子结构体积(volumeofstructureperatom)层状硅酸盐(phyllosilicate)体密度(volum

8、etricdensity,pV)岛状硅酸盐(islandsilicate)面密度(planardensity,pP)骨架结构(frameworkstructure)线密度(lineardensity,pL)镁橄榄石结构(forsteritestructure金刚石结构(diamondstructure)辉石(picrite)纳I米碳管(carbonnanotube)粘土矿(claymineral)置换固溶体(substitutionalsolidsolution)高岭石(kaolinite)填隙固溶体(interstitialsolidsolution)云母(mica)尺寸因素(sizefac

9、tor)石英(quartz)价电子浓度(valanceelectronconcentration)鳞石英(tridymite)电子化合物(electroncompound)方石英(cristobalite)间隙化合物(interstitialcompound)钙长石(anorthite)尺寸因素化合物(size-factorcompound)分子筛(moleculesift)Laves相(Lavesphase)同素异构性(allotropy)o相(ophase)多形性(polymorphism)有序固溶体(超结构)orderedsolidsolution准晶(quasicrystal)(sup

10、erlattice)彭罗斯拼砌(Penrosetiling)长程有序参数(long-rangeorderparameter)短程有序参数(shot-rangeorderparameter)晶体缺陷不完整性(imperfection)向错(disclination)点缺陷(pointimperfection)沃特拉过程(Volterrasprocess)空位(vacancy)刃型位错(edgedislocation)自间隙原子(self-interstitial)螺型位错(screwdislocation)构型熵(configurationentropy)混合型位错(mixeddislocati

11、on)肖脱基缺陷(Schottkydefect)柏氏回路(Burgerscircuit)弗兰克缺陷(Frenkeldefect)柏氏矢量(Burgersvector)内禀点缺陷(intrinsicpointdefect)位错环(dislocationloop)非禀点缺陷(extrinsicpointdefect)位错密度(dislocationdensity)线缺陷(lineimperfection)位错的弹性能(elasticenergyofdislocation)位错(dislocation)位错线张力(tensionofdislocation)位错宽度(widthofdislocatio

12、n)层错矢量(faultvector)保守运动(conservativemotion)外延层错(extrinsicfault)非保守运动(nonconservativemotion)层错能(stackingfaultenergy)滑移(slip)肖克莱部分为错(Shockleypartialdislocation)滑动(glissile)铃木气团(Suzukiatmosphere)攀移(climb)弗兰克位错(Frankpartialdislocation)自力(self-force)扩展位错(extendeddislocation)渗透力(osmoticforce)压杆位错(stair-ro

13、dpartialdislocation)映像力(imageforce)Lomer-Cottrell位错(Lomer-Cottrell弯结(kink)dislocation)割阶(jog)L-C阻塞(L-CLock)柯垂尔气体(Cottrellatmosphere)赫斯阻塞(Hirthlock)史诺克气体(Snoekatmosphere)分位错(fractionaldislocation)弗兰克-瑞德位错源(Frank-Readsource)超点阵(superlattice)B-H位错源(Bardeen-Herringsource)反相畴(Antiphasedomain)位错塞积群(disloc

14、ationpile-upgroup)反相畴界(Antiphaseboundary,APB)全位错(perfectdislocation)超位错(super-dislocation)堆垛层错(stackingfault)弗兰克-纳巴罗回路(Frank-Nabarrocircuit)部分为错或不全位错(partialdislocation)向错强度(disclinationstrength)内禀层错(intrinsicfault)条纹织构(schlierentexture)表面能(surfaceenergy)适配(matching)晶界(grainboundary)共格晶界(coherentbou

15、ndary)小角度晶界(lowanglegrainboundary)非共格晶界(incoherentboundary)大角度晶界(highanglegrainboundary晶界迁移率(grainboundarymobility)倾转晶界(tiltboundary)取向关系(orientationrelationship)扭转晶界(twistboundary)气泡(gasbabble)相界(phaseboundary)空洞(void)扩散不可逆过程(irreversibleprocess)传质过程(masstransport)扩散(diffusion)扩散距离(diffusiondistanc

16、e)唯象系数(phenomenologicalcoefficient)间隙机制(interstitialmechanism)挤列结构(crowdionconfiguration)哑铃结构(dumbbellsplitconfiguration)空位机制(vacancymechanism)换位机制(exchangemechanism)扩散流量(flux)参考系(referenceframe)实验参考系(laboratoryreferenceframe)点阵参考系(latticereferenceframe)菲克第一定律(Ficksfirstlaw)菲克第二定律(Fickssecondlaw)扩散系

17、数(diffusioncoefficient)禀性扩散系数(intrinsicdiffusioncoefficient)互扩散系数(mutualdiffusioncoefficient)自扩散系数(self-diffusioncoefficient)稳态扩散(steadystatediffusion)Kirkendall效应(Kirkendalleffect)Matano平面(Matanointerface)热力学因子(thermodynamicfactor)同位素(isotope)示踪物(tracer)扩散偶(diffusioncouple)误差函数(errorfunction)哑变量(du

18、mmy)数值方法(numericalmethod)有限差分(finite-difference)收敛性(convergence)截断误差(truncationerror)舍入误差(round-offerror)相关系数(correlationfactor)高扩散率通道(high-diffusivitypath)体扩散(volumediffusion)晶界扩散(grainboundarydiffusion)位错扩散(dislocationdiffusion)表面扩散(surfacediffusion)迁移率(mobility)渗透率(permeability)凝固分配系数(partitioncoefficient)枝晶偏析(dendritesegregation)区域提纯(zone-refining)亚共晶合金(hypoeutecticalloy)胞晶的形成(cellformation)过共晶合金(hypereutectical