高一英语必修一unit1词汇第二讲

1、. .PAGE28 / NUMPAGES28Unit 1Friendship第一讲重点单词1.ignore vt.不理睬，忽视He completely ignored all these facts as though they never existed.他完全无视这一切，好像它们根本不存在似的。She saw him coming but she ignored him.她看见他走过来，但装作没看到他。Never should we ignore traffic regulations.我们任何时候都不应忽视交通规则。用法拓展ignorance n无知，不知ignorant adj.无知

2、的，愚昧的ignorantly adv.无知地，愚昧地be ignorant about/of对不了解，无知的易混辨析ignorant，illiterate，uneducated与unlearnedignorant指“缺乏一般知识的”或“缺乏某科学识的”。如：Hes not stupid，merely ignorant.他并不愚蠢，只是无知。illiterate指“文盲的，不能读或写的”。如：There are still many illiterate people in our country.在我国还有许多文盲。uneducated指“未受过正规系统教育的”。如：He was unedu

3、cated.他未受过正规教育。unlearned指“无学问的，无文化的”。如：He was not unlearned in history.他对历史并非无知。即境活用翻译句子她没理他，继续干她的活。_他对现代科技一无所知。_2concern n关心，关切的事；担忧v涉与，与有关，影响；使关心，使担心How much money I earn is none of your concern.我挣多少钱与你无关。These problems concern all of them.这些问题影响到他们每一个人。She concerns herself with social welfare.她从事

4、社会福利工作。用法拓展be concerned about/forconcern oneself about/for关心；挂念；为担心be concerned with/in与有关；涉与；参与so/as far as.be concerned就而言show concern for sb. about sth.对某人某事表示关心concerning prep.关于；就而言Please dont be concerned about me.请不要为我担心。More than one person has been concerned in this.不止一个人与这件事有牵连。So far as h

5、es concerned，nothing is as important as his daughter.对他来说，什么也比不上他女儿重要。People are using their heads，thinking problems over and showing concern for the state and the Party.人们动脑筋，想问题，关心国家，关心党。He asked several questions concerning the future of the company.他问了几个关于公司未来的问题。即境活用单项填空The meeting was concerne

6、d_ reforms and everyone present was concerned_ their own interests.Awith；forBwith；withCfor；about Dabout；withWhat seems to be reasonable according to the report_ drinking water?Aconcern BconcernedCconcerning Dto concern3calm adj.(天气、海洋等)静的，平静的，镇静的，沉着的 v(使)平静，(使)镇定，平息The mother calmed her child.母亲使孩子安

7、静下来。The crying child soon calmed down.哭闹的小孩不大一会就安静下来。After the storm it was calm.暴风雨过后风平浪静。用法拓展Keep calm！安静！保持镇静！calm down使平息，使平静即境活用翻译句子他深吸了几口气，以使自己镇静下来。_照相时，要保持不动。_课堂上，对老师的问题不应保持沉默。_4suffer vt.&vi.经历或遭受(不愉快之事)；受苦；吃苦头；变坏；变糟The company suffered huge losses in the last financial crisis.这家公司在上次金融危机中损失

8、惨重。I made a rash decision and now I am suffering from it.我作决定太仓促，现在可吃到苦头了。Her school work is suffering because of family problems.由于家庭问题，她的功课变糟了。易混辨析suffer与suffer fromsuffer用作与物动词时，表示“遭受，蒙受，受到”，其宾语一般是loss(损失)，pain(痛苦)，punishment(处罚)，defeat(失败)，hardship(苦难)，injustice(不公正)，grief(悲伤)，disappointment(失望)

9、，wrong(委屈)等。suffer from表示“为所苦，因而吃苦头”，还可表示“患病”。She suffered the loss of her students respect.她失去了学生对她的尊重。Our business has suffered from lack of investment.我们的企业因缺乏投资而受苦。Mrs. Whites little boy is suffering from a bad flu again.怀特太太的小孩又患了严重的感冒。即境活用单项填空The ships_terrible loss during this sea battle.Asuf

10、fered in Bsuffered a lotCsuffered Dwere suffered5add vt. & vi.增加；增添；补充说用法拓展add up sth./add sth. up把加起来，up为副词，宾语若为代词应置于中间。add up to(come to, total)加起来总和是，总共有，不用于被动语态，后常跟表示数字的词作宾语。add to(increase)增加；增添add.to.把加到(进)里add that补充说The fire is going out; will you add some wood?火快熄了，请你加些木柴好吗？“Dont be late，”s

11、he added.“别迟到，”她补充说。Add up all the money I owe you, please.请把我欠你的钱全部加起来。The numbers add up to exactly 100.这些数字的总数恰好是100。Fireworks added to the attraction of the festival night.焰火使节日的夜晚生色。Shall I add your name to the list?我可以把你的名字加入吗？The professor told us to make notes of key points, adding that they

12、 would be included in the examination papers.教授告诉我们要记下要点，并且补充说这些要点会在考卷中涉与。即境活用单项填空The woods and the newly dug river through the campus _ the beauty of this worldknown university.Aadd upBadd toCare added up Dare added to答案：B6power n能力；力量；权力用法拓展be in power执政；掌权come to power上台；执政take/seize power掌握政权los

13、e power丧失政权under ones own power凭借自身的力量have the power to do sth.具有做某事的能力beyond/out of ones power力所不能与；超出某人的能力The aim is to give people more power over their own lives.目标是让人们更能主宰自己的生命。The party came to power at the last election.这个政党是在上次大选中当选执政的。She is the one who has the power to hire or fire people.

14、她有权力雇用或辞退人员。After the accident she lost the power of speech.事故之后，她丧失了语言能力。易混辨析power, strength, force与energypower主要指做事所依靠的能力、功能，也可指人或机器等事物潜在的或发挥出来的力量，还可以指职权或政权。strength指固有的潜力。说人时，指“力气”；说物时，指“强度”。force主要指自然界的力量；暴力、势力以与法律、道德或感情的力量；军事力量等。energy主要指人的精力或自然界中的能量。He has the power to make things very unpleas

15、ant for us.他掌握着我们的命运，可以把我们搞得狼狈不堪。A washing machine is a saver of time and strength.洗衣机省时又省力。The force of the explosion broke all the windows.爆炸力把所有窗子都震碎了。Youll need to apply all your energy to this job.你需要把全部精力投入到这项工作中去。即境活用单项填空Electricity, like other forms of _， has greatly increased in price.Astre

16、ngthBforceCpower Denergy7upset vt.使不安adj.心烦意乱的用法拓展It upsets sb. that.使人心烦的是(it形式主语)It upsets sb. to do sth.做某事使某人心烦(it形式主语)be upset about sth.(对某事)失望；沮丧；难过She was upset that he had left without saying goodbye.他的不辞而别让她感到心烦。This decision is likely to upset a lot of people.这项决定很可能会使很多人悻然不快。It upset him

17、 that nobody had bothered to tell him about it.让他不高兴的是，谁也没把这件事告诉他。It upset me to think of her all alone in that big house.想到她孤身一人守着那所大房子我就不舒服。There is no point getting upset about it.犯不着为此事难过。即境活用单项填空Because he didnt finish the work on time and was fired by the company, he was very _ about it.Aupset

18、BsurprisedCcurious Dupsetting答案：A8settle v安家，使定居，安排，解决She has settled her family in Shanghai.她已在定居。He settled down as a farmer with a family.他与一家人安顿下来务农。He settled the difficult problem.他解决了这个大难题。用法拓展settle in(迁入新居、更换工作后)安顿下来；使习惯，使适应settle to do sth.决定去做某事settle down平静下来；定居；成家settle (oneself) down t

19、o work安下心来工作settle up结清，付清(欠账)即境活用翻译句子Wait until the excitement has settled down._Will you settle for all of us?_That settles it!_第二讲重点短语1.go through v仔细检查，经历，经受，用完，被通过，参加，搜查，履行Lets go through the arguments again.咱们再详细研究一下这些论据吧。She has gone through all her savings.她已花光了所有积蓄。用法拓展go along(with sb.)向前进

20、，一起去go by消失；经过go off爆炸，经历爆破go on发生；恰巧发生go out灭掉，熄灭；出门，外出；过时go over越过；复习go in for参加，从事；对感兴趣go without没有也忍受过去即境活用翻译句子I didnt know_(发生了什么事)A rumor_(传遍)the town.I dont_(喜欢)rock and roll.Its much too noisy for my taste.2join in参加，加入Our teacher often joins us in singing and dancing.老师经常与我们一起唱歌跳舞。易混辨析join，

21、join in，take part in与attendjoinbecome a member of加入某一组织，并成为其中一员。例如：He joined the army/League/Party/club/Students Union.他参军/入团/入党/参加俱乐部/加入学生会。join inactivities或join sb. inactivities与一起参加某项活动。例如：Come and join us in the discussion.来参加我们的讨论吧。take part in参加某项活动。它和join都有“参加”的意思，但take part in强调参与性，而且强调在活动中

22、起一定作用，并负有责任。例如：Tens of thousands of workers took part in the strike/revolutionary movement/fighting.成千上万的工人参加了罢工/革命运动/战斗。attend是表示“参加”的正式用语，其后可跟meeting/conference/school/lecture/church/wedding等。例如：I am very happy to receive the invitation to attend the international conference.我很高兴收到参加这一国际会议的请柬。即境活用

23、完成句子China has_(加入)the WTO.He_(积极参加)many school activities.He didnt_(没上学)yesterday.答案：joinedtook an active part inattend school3have got to不得不，必须用法拓展have got tohave to不得不，必须must一定，必须特别提醒have got to是have to的口语形式；must强调主观看法；have to指客观需要。have got to的否定式为havent got to，have to的否定式为dont have to。变为疑问句时，前者ha

24、ve提前，后者借助于助动词do。表一次性动作时，两者可互换。但表示习惯性动作，尤其是句中含有always，often，sometimes等频率副词时，则使用have to。即境活用单项填空You_show your passport.Ahave to BmustCneed Dcan4set down放下；记下；登记用法拓展set aside留名，拨出(时间、金钱等)；把置于一旁set about(doing) sth.着手(干)某事set out to do sth.开始干某事set off动身，出发；引发；引爆set out动身，出发；述；着手(to do sth.)set to(sth.)

25、开始认真着手干某事set up竖起，创设，开办，建立be set in以为背景put down放下；记下write down记下note down记下get down记下即境活用单项填空Having made the decision, we _ to perform the experiment.Aset aboutBset outCset to Dset offEinstein liked Boses paper so much that he _ his own work and translated it into German.Agave off Bturned downCtook

26、over Dset aside_ the interests of all his employees, he decided to go on with his socalled reform.ASetting off BSetting backCSetting out DSetting aside5a series of一连串的；一系列；一套用法拓展a series of accidents一连串的事故a series of stamps一套邮票the World Series世界联赛a TV/radio series电视/广播系列节目The incident caused a serie

27、s of events that nobody had foreseen.那一事件引发了一连串谁都没有预料到的事情。特别提示series单复数一样，a series of复数名词作主语时，应遵循语法一致原则，即应使用单数谓语。此外，a pair of, a kind/sort/type of, a set of等后跟复数名词作主语时，也使用单数谓语。即境活用完成句子That set of four records, offered for a limited time only, _(be)available exclusively in the stores mentioned.A larg

28、e collection of contemporary photographs, including some taken by Henry, _(is/are)on display at the museum.The kind of books an author writes _(depends/depend)on the kind of man he is.Series of articles on the nature of modern society _(is/are)going to be printed next month.答案：isisdependsare6on purp

29、ose故意地用法拓展for the purposes of为了，出于的目的to good/little (no) purpose作用很大/徒劳地for practical purposes事实上，实际上by design故意的by accident/chance偶然地，无意地by coincidence巧合地，偶然地His talents have been employed to good purpose.他的才能很好地得到了利用。即境活用介词填空Did he do it accidentally?No, _ purpose._ all practical purposes the comp

30、any has already closed down._ the purposes of attracting more tourists, more effective measures have been taken.It didnt occur _ coincidence; all that happened _ design.单项填空Our holiday had served its _； we both felt thoroughly relaxed.AdemandBpurposeCend Dresult7get along with与相处；进展用法拓展get along wit

31、h sb.“同某人相处”，在get along后可以加副词，表示相处得如何。get along with sth.某事进展/进行I cant get along with him. He likes to make fun of me.我不能与他相处。他喜欢嘲笑我。The project is getting along much better now.这项工程现在进展好多了。用法拓展get about/around(消息)传开get.across讲清楚；(使)被领会get away from离开；脱身get.back收回，找回get.down记下来；使悲伤，使沮丧get down to认真做

32、，开始着手做get in到达；收割get on上车/船/飞机等；继续进行；相处get over克服，摆脱get rid of消灭，摆脱，除掉get together聚会，联欢A rumor got around that she was ill in hospital.有谣言说她患病住院了。Your meaning didnt really get across.你的意思未必真正被别人理解。Its time I got down to thinking about that essay.我该认真思考一下那篇论文了。I think the problem can be got over with

33、out too much difficulty.我认为这个问题不太难解决。即境活用单项填空I dont think your speech _ to the crowd, for they appeared quite puzzled.Agot backBgot awayCgot through Dgot acrossThe final examination is coming up soon. Its time for us to _ our studies.Aget down to Bget outCget back for Dget over重点句式1.While walking th

34、e dog，you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car.在遛狗时，你不小心让狗挣脱了绳子，结果狗被车撞了。用法拓展While walking the dogWhile you were walking the dog.当while，when，before，after等引导的时间、条件、让步状语从句中的主语与主句的主语一致，而且从句中谓语动词又含有be的某种形式时，可将从句中的主语和be动词省去。如：While you are walking across the roads(While walking across the r

35、oads)，you are never too careful enough.当你穿越马路时，你越小心越好。即境活用改写句子When he was walking in the street，he came across one of his friends._Though I am tired，I believe running does us a lot of good._He never speaks to others unless spoken to._.2.but your friend cant go until he/she finishes cleaning his/her

36、bicycle.但是直到你的朋友清洗完他(她)的自行车他(她)才能去。用法拓展until直到为止，not until直到才。肯定形式表示的意思是“做某事直至某时”，动词必须是延续性的。否定形式表达的意思是“直至某时才做某事”。动词为延续性或非延续性都可以。I slept until midnight.我一直睡到半夜才醒了。(在肯定句中可用before代替。Lets get in the wheat before the sun sets.)Dont get off the bus until it has stopped.公共汽车停稳后再下车。I didnt manage to do it u

37、ntil you had explained how.直到你教我后，我才会做。特别提示(1)Not until.在句首，主句用倒装。Not until the early years of the 19th century did man know what heat is.直到19世纪初，人类才知道热能是什么。Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted.直到我开始工作，我才意识到了我已蹉跎了多少岁月。(2)It is not until.that.是一个强调结构。It is not until he c

38、omes back that I will leave.直到他回来我才会离开。(3)Until when疑问句中，until要放在句首。Until when are you staying？你呆到什么时候？Until next monday.呆到下周一。即境活用翻译句子直到他的父亲睡着他才敢回家。强调句_倒装句_3I wonder if its because I havent been able to be outdoors for so long that Ive grown so crazy about everything to do with nature.我不知道是不是因为自己长久

39、无法出门的缘故，我变得对一切与大自然有关的事物都无比狂热。用法拓展此句中的Its.that是强调句型。(1)强调句型的基本结构：强调句型“It is/was被强调的成分that/who其他成分”用来强调主语、宾语和状语等成分。that只起连接作用，不作成分，但不能省略。当被强调部分为人作主语时可用who，也可用that，其他情况一律用that。强调主语时，that后的谓语动词必须与被强调的主语人称和数保持一致。(2)特殊句式中的强调句型：如果强调的是特殊疑问句中的疑问词，表示“到底，究竟”等语气时，就用如下结构：“特殊疑问词is/wasitthat/who该句的其余部分”，that/who后只

40、能使用述语序。在强调“not.until”结构中由until所引导的短语(或从句)作时间状语时，要用固定的强调句型：“Itis/wasnot until.that该句的其余部分”，that所引导的从句中的谓语动词用肯定式。(3)强调句型要注意和it指代时间、距离、温度、自然现象、具体事物或人物等时所构成的各种句型的区别。判断是否是强调句，可采用“还原法”，即把“It is/was.that/who”去掉。如果还原为一般句式后，句子各种成分完整，则是强调句，否则不是。It is I that/who am going for a holiday with Mary.是我跟玛丽一块儿去度假。How

41、 was it that you missed such a fine lecture?你怎么错过了这么精彩的演讲呢？It was not until he took off his dark glasses that I realized he was a famous film star.直到他摘下墨镜我才认出他是著名的影星。It was in his town that he was brought up.他是在镇上被养大的。It was this town where/in which he was brought up.这是他被抚养长大的城镇。(定语从句)即境活用单项填空It is

42、in that poor village, _ Mary lived and worked 15 years ago, _ she will build her first school, which inspires everyone to help her.Awhere; whenBthat; thatCthat; when Dwhere; that_ she is not so healthy _ she used to be?AWhy is it that; asBWhy is it that; whatCIs it why; thatDWhy it is that; as4I can

43、 well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky, the song of the birds, moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound.我记得很清楚，以前(有那么一段时间)，湛蓝的天空，鸟儿的歌唱，月光和鲜花，从未使我心迷神往过。用法拓展There was a time when.以前有那么一段时间；when引导定语从句，修饰先行词a time。There was a time when my father worked in Boston and c

44、ame home only on weekends.曾经有那么一段时间，我父亲在波士顿工作，只在周末回家。time后跟从句的常用结构：at the time you are working在你工作的时间by the time we reached home到我们回到家的时候last time I was there我上次在那儿的时候every time I saw her每次我见到她Its time that.到了的时候，that从句的谓语动词用虚拟语气。Its time we were going.我们该走了。Its high time we took action.真到了我们该采取行动的时

45、候了。即境活用翻译句子我们该上学了。_5The dark, rainy evening, the wind, the thundering clouds held me entirely in their power; it was the first time in a year and a half that Id seen the night face to face.漆黑的夜晚，风吹雨打，雷电交加，我全然被这种力量镇住了。这是我一年半来第一次目睹这样的夜晚用法拓展It was the first time that.这是第一次这个句型中，it可以换为this, that; was可以换

46、为is, will be; first可以换为second, third.last；从句谓语动词应用现在完成时或过去完成时。It was the first time I had been in a plane.那是我第一次坐飞机。This is the fourth time she has rung you this week.这是本周她第四次给你打。It will be the first time that I have been abroad.这将是我第一次在国外。用法拓展the first time“第一次”，用作连词，后接时间状语从句。for the first time“第一次

47、”，用作介词短语，单独作状语，不接从句。It is time that sb. did sth.It is time for sb. to do sth.某人该做某事了He left a good impression on me the first time I saw him.第一次见面他就给我留下了好印象。I come here for the first time.我第一次来这里。It is time that the government took action.到了政府采取措施的时候了。即境活用单项填空One of them told me，“this is the first t

48、ime I _ to the capital to attend the flagraising ceremony.”AcameBcomeChave come Dhad come6Mother asked her if/whether she was very hot with so many clothes on.妈妈问她穿这么多衣服是不是很热。用法拓展with so many clothes on为“with宾语副词(宾补)”结构，在句中作状语或定语。“with宾语宾补”结构主要有以下几种形式：with宾语adj.He likes sleeping with the window open

49、.他喜欢开着窗子睡觉。with宾语副词He fell asleep with the light off.他睡觉的时候灯关了。with宾语现在分词(表示主动)With so many children talking and laughing，the teacher cant go on with his lessons.这么多孩子又说又笑，老师不能继续上课。with宾语过去分词(表示被动)The boy went out to play with his homework unfinished.作业没完成，男孩就出去玩了。with宾语不定式(侧重于将来，侧重于原因)With a nurse

50、to look after his sick mother，he was able to go to work.有护士照顾他生病的母亲，所以他就能上班了。with宾语介词短语Miss Gao came into the classroom with a book in her hand.高老师手拿一本书进了教室。即境活用完成句子那个男孩站在那里，低着头。The boy stood there，_ _ _ _.有些书要买，他去了书店。_ _ _ _ _，he went to the bookstore.我住在那个亮着灯的房间里。I live in the room_ _ _ _.7Althoug

51、h I try to talk to my classmates, I still find it hard to make good friends with them.虽然我试着去跟班上的同学交谈，但我还是发现很难跟他们成为好朋友。用法拓展本句中it为形式宾语，不定式短语to make good friends with them作真正的宾语。当不定式或that从句作find的宾语而且后面带有宾语补足语时，一般用it作形式宾语，把真正的宾语放到宾语补足语的后面。有这种用法的词除了find外，还有think, make, leave, consider等。You may find it ha

52、rd to accept your illness.你可能觉得难以接受自己患病。I have made it clear that nobody is allowed to smoke here.我已经讲得很清楚，任何人不准在这儿吸烟。I think it best that you should stay here.我想你最好待在这里。I leave it to you to judge.我把它留给你作判断。find后面常跟复合宾语，其宾语补足语多为形容词、非谓语动词、名词、介词短语等，构成“find宾语宾语补足语”结构。即：findsb./sth.adj./p. p/n./to do/do

53、ing/prep.phrase。The child was finally found safe and sound.小孩最终被找到了，安全无恙。I didnt expect to come home and find him gone.我没料到回到家却发现他已经走了。I suddenly found myself running down the street.我发现自己突然在街上跑了起来。She woke up and found herself in a hospital bed.她醒来发现自己躺在医院的床上。即境活用单项填空The chairman thought _ necessar

54、y to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting.AthatBitCthis Dhim8.Sadly.Im only able to look at nature through dirty curtains hanging before very dusty windows.很难过我只能透过悬挂在沾满灰尘的窗前的脏兮兮的窗帘观看大自然。用法拓展sadly副词放句首，修饰全句，作状语。例如：Sadly he failed in the important exam.非常遗憾的是他未通过这次重要考试。Happily for all Chine

55、se, the Olympic Games has been held successfully in Beijing in 2008.令我们中国人高兴的是，2008年奥运会已经在成功举办。即境活用翻译句子幸运的是人们已经意识到保护地球的重要性。_非常遗憾的是他未通过这次驾照考试。_答案：Fortunately people have realized the importance of protecting our earth.Sadly he failed in the driving test.知 能 层 层 练一、单项填空1Would you mind moving over one

56、seat so my wife and I can sit together?_ANever mind.BNot at all.CNo, I wouldnt. DIt doesnt matter.2Yesterday we wrote him a letter _ the business arrangement.Aconcern BconcernedCconcerning Dto concern3_ the poem a second time, the meaning will become clearer to you.AYou having read BWhile readingCIf

57、 reading DWhen you read4Its the first time this term that we _ an examination after class in the afternoon.Adidnt have Barent havingCdont have Dhavent had5It is not who is right but what is right _ is of importance.Awhich BitCthat Dthis6He has the habit of _ useful information while reading.Agetting

58、 down Bsetting downCgoing down Dbringing down7Filled with great _， the boy lifted the heavy stone onto his shoulder.Apower BenergyCstrength Dforce8She devoted herself _ to her research and it earned her a good reputation in her field.Astrongly BextremelyCentirely Dfreely9Once telling him the truth,

59、_.Ahe will be nervous all the timeBhe will find himself nervous all the timeCyou will find him nervous all the timeDeveryone will find him nervous all the time10He came back home very late last night. _， at 200 this morning.ATo be honestBTo be exactCTo tell the truthDTo be sorry二、选用方框所给短语的适当形式完成下列句子

60、。1Dewey has been in hospital for several weeks _ a bad back.2Every time I _ these figures, I get a different answer.3Why not _ the game? Youll surely have fun with us.4If you feel nervous, take a deep breath and it will help you _.5The whole society should _ the health and sound growth of children.6