考研英语范文阅读模拟试题

1、. .34/34考研英语文阅读模拟试题与答案解析(一)It was 3: 45 in the morning when the vote was finally taken. After six months of arguing and final 16 hours of hot parliamentary debates, Australias Northern Territory became the first legal authority in the world to allow doctors to take the lives of incurably ill patient

2、s who wish to die. The measure passed by the convincing vote of 15 to 10. Almost immediately word flashed on the Internet and was picked up, half a world away, by John Hofsess, executive director of the Right to Die Society of Canada. He sent it on via the groups on-line service, Death NET. Says Hof

3、sess: We posted bulletins all day long, because of course this isnt just something that happened in Australia. Its world history.The full import may take a while to sink in. The NT Rights of the Terminally Ill law has left physicians and citizens alike trying to deal with its moral and practical imp

4、lications. Some have breathed sighs of relief, others, including churches, right-to-life groups and the Australian Medical Association, bitterly attacked the bill and the haste of its passage. But the tide is unlikely to turn back. In Australia-where an aging population, life-extending technology an

5、d changing community attitudes have all played their part-other states are going to consider making a similar law to deal with euthanasia. In the US and Canada, where the right-to-die movement is gathering strength, observers are waiting for the dominoes to start falling.Under the new Northern Terri

6、tory law, an adult patient can request death-probably by a deadly injection or pill-to put an end to suffering. The patient must be diagnosed as terminally ill by two doctors. After a cooling off period of seven days, the patient can sign a certificate of request. After 48 hours the wish for death c

7、an be met. For Lloyd Nickson, a 54-year-old Darwin resident suffering from lung cancer, the NT Rights of Terminally Ill law means he can get on with living without the haunting fear of his suffering: a terrifying death from his breathing condition. Im not afraid of dying from a spiritual point of vi

8、ew, but what I was afraid of was how Id go, because Ive watched people die in the hospital fighting for oxygen and clawing at their masks, he says.51. From the second paragraph we learn that _.（A）the objection to euthanasia is slow to come in other countries（B）physicians and citizens share the same

9、view on euthanasia（C）changing technology is chiefly responsible for the hasty passage of the law（D）it takes time to realize the significance of the laws passage52. When the author says that observers are waiting for the dominoes to start falling, he means _.（A）observers are taking a wait-and-see att

10、itude towards the future of euthanasia（B）similar bills are likely to be passed in the US, Canada and other countries（C）observers are waiting to see the result of the game of dominoes（D）the effect-taking process of the passed bill may finally come to a stop53. When Lloyd Nickson dies, he will _.（A）fa

11、ce his death with calm characteristic of euthanasia（B）experience the suffering of a lung cancer patient（C）have an intense fear of terrible suffering（D）undergo a cooling off period of seven days54. The authors attitude towards euthanasia seems to be that of _.（A）opposition（B）suspicion （C）approval （D）

12、indifference答案与试题解析51.（D）意为：理解该法获批准的意义尚需要时间。第二段第一句是该段的主题句，该句意为：其（即这一立法的）整体含义（import）可能需要一段时间才为人彻底理解（sink in）。其实，该段的第二句是对第一句更具体的阐释，该句可译为：北部地方州（此处NT是Northern Territory的缩略形式，指澳大利亚中北部地区）晚期病人权利法的批准使医生和普通人都在思索其道义与实践方面的含义。本段下文提到了支持和反对该法的两种观点。A意为：在（除澳大利亚以外的）其他国家，对安乐死的反对意见缓慢而至。这一点该段没有提到。实际上，听到该法批准后，远在美国和加拿大的

13、人也很快作出了反应。B意为：在安乐死这一问题上，医生和普通人观点一样。正像该段第三句所指出的，对于该法的批准，意见分歧很大。有些人松了口气，而有些人-包括教堂、保卫生命权益组织与澳大利亚医学会-对该法进行激烈的抨击，认为它的批准过于仓促。C意为：技术（条件）的变化应对该法的仓促批准负主要责任。该段第五句意为：在澳大利亚，其他州也将考虑通过制定同样的一项法律来解决安乐死问题，而促成这一形势的是澳大利亚老化的人口、生命延续技术、正在变化的社会态度等因素。可见，这与C所表达的容不一样。52.（B）意为：美国、加拿大与其他国家也可能批准类似法律。第二段最后一句指出，在美国和加拿大死之权利运动正在集结力

14、量，观望者正在等待多米诺骨牌开始倾倒。多米诺骨牌是一种西洋骨牌游戏；游戏中将许多长方形的骨牌竖立排列成行，碰倒第一时，其余骨牌将依次纷纷倒下。用于比喻时，这种游戏指一系列的连锁反应，即：牵一发而动全身。这里喻指：澳大利亚的形势会波与北美等国家，引起类似的做法。A意为：观察者对安乐死的未来持观望态度。根据对B的分析，观察者等待的是是否美、加等国会在对安乐死的态度方面步澳之后尘，通过类似立法，而并非是指他们对安乐死态度暖昧、莫衷一是。C意为：观察者正等待看多米诺游戏的结果。这种解释未免太拘泥于字面的意思。D意为：所批准的法案的影响也许会最终停止。与原文不符。53.（A）意为：死时表现出安乐死的平静

15、特征。这实际上是说他将采用安乐死的方式离开人世。第三段提到，住在达尔文市（位于北部地方州）的尼克森患肺癌，对他来说，允许安乐死的法案的批准意味着他可以心情平静地生活，而无需惧怕将要遭受的死亡的折磨：由死时所产生的呼吸困难所带来的痛苦折磨。他说：从思想认识上讲，我并不怕死，但是，我怕的是如何死去，因为我曾亲眼目睹过医院的病人死时由缺氧而挣扎并抓挠氧气罩的情景。从以上的分析可以看出，尼克森先生知道自己已患绝症并依法为自己选择安乐死的方式告别人世。B意为：经历肺癌病人所要遭受的痛苦。不对，相反，尼克森将会平静死去。C意为：对痛苦的折磨极度恐惧。D意为：将经历7天的平静阶段。第三段指出，根据北部地区新

16、通过的法律，要求安乐死的病人必须具备以下条件：1）该病人必须由两名医生诊断为晚期病人；2）平静考虑7天后，病人签署一个申请证书；3）48小时后再给病人实行安乐死。可见，这里所说的平静7天是让病人（与其家庭）平静、认真地考虑一下是否选择采用安乐死这一形式。54.（C）意为；赞同。这是一篇新闻体文章，在新闻体文章中，写作者往往通过引用相关者的观点来结束讨论，并将自己的态度通过引用间接地表述出来。本文以尼克森的话结束了对安乐死的讨论，而尼克森是安乐死的支持者。另外，文章的大部分文字述了对安乐死法案的褒扬态度，而反对态度却一带而过。从这两方面来看，作者对安乐死持赞同态度。A意为：反对。B意为：怀疑。D

17、意为：不关心。翻译句子1、Some have breathed sighs of relief, others, including churches, right-to-life groups and the Australian Medical Association, bitterly attacked the bill land the haste of its passage. But the tide is unlikely to turn back.参考译文 一些机构终于松了一口气，但是其他一些机构，包括教堂，倡导生命之权的团体和澳大利亚医学协会，尖锐地抨击这个法案，指责法案的通

18、过过于匆忙。但是大势已定，不可逆转。结构剖析 第一句话中，有用逗号松散连接的两个表示对比的句子：Some have breathedothersbitterly attacked，其中 others 之后是介词词组：including churches, right-to-life groups and the Australian Medical Association 对 others 进行进一步的解释。its passage 中的 its 指代前面提到的 the bill。第二句使用了被动语态，与第一句是转折关系。阅读重点 tide 本意是潮水、潮汐的意思，这里的引申含义是趋势、趋向；t

19、urn the tide 使形式转变、改变局面。bill 这里是法案的意思。另外要理解 some 和 others 的对比关系。2、In Australia-where an aging population, life-extending technology and changing community attitudes have all played their part-other states are going to consider making a similar law to deal with euthanasia.参考译文 在澳大利亚-人口老龄化，延长寿命的技术和变化着

20、的社会态度，这些因素都在发挥作用-其他的州也会考虑制定相似的关于安乐死的法律。结构剖析 这个句子的主体结构是 other states are going to consider。句首的 In Australia 是介词词组表示地点状语，后面 where 引导定语从句 where an aging population, life-extending technology and changing community attitudes have all played their part，进一步解释 Australia 的具体情况。阅读重点 注意破折号中说各种因素都发挥了作用，是指对其它州考

21、虑制定关于安乐死的法律这件事而言的。另外注意 consider 的用法，consider 后面一般接 V-ing 的形式或 that 引导的宾语从句。补充难句翻译1、After six months of arguing and final 16hours of hot parliamentary debates, Australias Northern Territory became the first legal authority in the world to allow doctors to take the lives of incurably ill patients who

22、wish to die.参考译文 经过了六个月的争论以与最后16个小时激烈的议会辩论，澳大利亚北部地区成了世界上第一个允许医生终止希望死去的绝症病人生命的立法当局。结构剖析 句子的主体结构是 Australias Northern Territory became the first legal authority；句首是表示时间的介词词组作状语：after six months of arguing and final 16 hours of hot parliamentary debates；后面的动词不定式 to allow doctors to take the lives of in

23、curably ill patients who wish to die 相当于定语从句 which allows doctors to，修饰 legal authority；who 引导定语从句 who wish to die 修饰前面的 patients。阅读重点 理解句子的关键在于剔除庞杂的修饰成分，抓住句子的主干。2、After a cooling off period of seven days, the patient can sign a certificate of request. After 48 hours the wish for death can be met.参考

24、译文 在七天的冷静期之后，病人可以签署一申请证书。再等48小时之后，他要求死去的愿望就可以实现了。结构剖析 两个句子都是简单句。第一句中前面是介词词组作时间状语：After a cooling off period of seven days。第二句使用了被动语态。阅读重点 cooling off 这里是指给病人充足的考虑时间以做出冷静的决定。meet 这里是满足的意思，可以和 demand、need、requirement 等和 wish 类似的词连用。语言点详解1. take vote 表决大纲词汇 vote n.投票，表；选票，选票数；v.投票，表决经典例句 They finally t

25、ook a vote on the mater.2. legal authority 合法当局大纲词汇 legal a.法律的，法定的；合法的，正当的 a legal act 合法行为3. incurably 不可救药地大纲词汇 cure v.（of）治愈，医治；矫正，纠正； n.治愈，痊愈；良药，疗法衍生词汇 curable a.可医治的 incurable a.无法治愈的，不可纠正的 incurably ad.无法治愈地，不可救药地经典例句 He was incurably stubborn on this matter.4. convincing 令人信服的大纲词汇 convince v

26、.（of）使信服，使确信衍生词汇 convincing a.令人信服的，有说服力的经典例句 His explanation is very convincing.5. flash on 闪映大纲词汇 flash v.发闪光，闪亮；闪现；n.闪光经典例句 The news flashed on the television.6. pick up 得到大纲词汇 pick up 拾起，拣起；增加，改进；（偶然）得到；（车船）中途搭（人），中途带（货）；获得，学会经典例句 Their message was picked up by the enemy and decoded.7. executive

27、 director 执行总监大纲词汇 executive a.执行的，实施的；n.总经理，董事，行政负责人8. send it on 继续发送大纲词汇 send n.送，寄；派遣，打发经典例句 She asked me to send the message on to other friends.9. on-line service 网上服务10. all day long 整天经典例句 He works on the question all day long to find the right answer.11. import 含义大纲词汇 import v.进口，输人； n.进口，输

28、人；pl.进口商品，进口物资，主旨，含义经典例句 Hardly anyone caught the full import of the incident.12. take a while 需要一段时间大纲词汇 while n.一段时间，一会儿经典例句 It takes a while for him to calm down.13. sink in 被理解大纲词汇 sink v.（使）下沉，下落； n.水池，水槽扩充词汇 sink in 被理解 经典例句 Eventually the news sank in.14. physician 科医生经典例句 physician n.科医生15.

29、implication 牵连大纲词汇 implication n.含义，暗示 imply v.意指；含意思，暗示扩充词义 implication n.牵连；涉与；密切关系经典例句 The news regulation has grave implication for unemployment.16. haste 匆忙大纲词汇 haste n.匆忙，急速；草率；v.赶快，匆忙 in haste 匆忙地，草率地衍生词汇 hasty a.匆忙的经典例句 Many people were surprised at the haste of his marriage.17. passage 通过大纲

30、词汇 passage n.通过，经过；通路；走廊；（一）段落，（一）节经典例句 The opposition party tried to secure the passage of the law.18. turn back 折回扩充词汇 turn back 折回，返回；改变做法经典例句 There is no turning back once you have signed the contract.19. play ones part 起作用大纲词汇 play a part（in）起作用经典例句 Ambition played its part in his success.20. e

31、uthanasia 安乐死21. dominoes 多米诺骨牌（多米诺现象指一个倒下后引起连锁反应而全部倒下）22. injection 注射大纲词汇 inject v.注射，注人衍生词汇 injection n.注射经典例句 The doctor prescribed an injection of penicillin for his fever.23. put an end to 使结束扩充词汇 put an end to 使终止，毁掉经典例句 The accident put an end to her happy life.24. diagnose 诊断 大纲词汇 diagnose

32、v.诊断经典例句 He was diagnosed lung cancer a few days age.25. terminally 致命地大纲词汇 terminal a.终点站；终端，接线端；计算机终端衍生词汇 terminally ad.致命地，晚期地；终点地经典例句 He was terminally ill.26. cool off 使冷静下来大纲词汇 cool a.凉的，凉爽的；冷静的，沉着的，冷淡的；v.（使）冷却，（使）冷静扩充词汇 cool off 使冷静下来经典例句 You should give him sometime to cool off his anger.27.

33、 certificate 证明书大纲词汇 certificate n.证（明）书28. get on with 继续扩充词汇 get on with 继续经典例句 We get on with the meeting after his disruption.29. haunting 萦绕于心的扩充词汇 haunt v.常去；使苦恼，困扰；布满 haunting a.萦绕于心的，使人不安的经典例句 Mans future is a haunting question to him.30. terrifying 令人恐惧的大纲词汇 terrify v.使害怕，使惊吓衍生词汇 terrifying

34、 a.令人害怕的经典例句 The terrifying scene shocked everyone.31. point of view 观点大纲词汇 viewpoint n.观点32. fight for 为而斗争大纲词汇 fight v./n.打（仗）；搏斗，斗争，战斗经典例句 He died in fighting for freedom.33. claw at 抓，挠大纲词汇 claw n.爪，脚爪扩充词义 claw v.抓，挠经典例句 The emotional stress of those years still claws at her.34. objection to 反对大

35、纲词汇 object v.（to）反对 objection n.（to）反对，异议经典例句 I have no objection to your proposal.全文翻译凌晨3：45进行了最终表决。经过6个月争论和最后16个小时的国会激烈辩论，澳大利亚北部地区（澳北州）成为世界上第一个允许医生根据绝症病人个人意愿来结束其生命的合法当局。这一法案是以令人信服的15票对10票通过。几乎同时，该消息就出现在互联网上。身处地球另一端的加拿大死亡权利执行主席约翰？霍夫塞斯在收到该消息后便通过协会的在线服务死亡之网发了公告。他说：我们整天都在发布公告，因为这件事的意义不在于它是在澳大利亚发生的事情，而

36、是因为这是世界历史的一件大事。要充分理解这一法案的深刻意义可能需要一段时间。澳北州晚期病人权利法使得无论是科医生还是普通市民都同样地力图从道义和实际意义两方面来对待这一问题。一些人如释重负，另一些人，包括教会，生命权利组织以与澳大利亚医学会成员都对这一决议与其仓促的通过进行了猛烈的抨击。但这一潮流已无法逆转。在澳大利亚，人口老龄化，延长寿命技术和公众态度的变化都发挥着各自的作用。其他州也将考虑制定类似的法律来处理安乐死问题。在美国和加拿大，死亡权利运动正在积蓄力量。观察家们正在等待多米诺骨牌产生的效应。根据澳北州所通过的这项新法案，成年病人可以要求安乐死-可能是通过注射致死药剂或服用致死药片-

37、来结束痛苦。但此前病人必须由两名医生诊断其确实已病入膏肓，然后再经过7天的冷静思考期，方可签署一份申请证明。48小时后，才可以满足其安乐死的愿望。对于居住于达尔文现年54岁的肺癌患者利奥德？尼克森来说，这个法律意味着他可以平静地生活下去而无须整天惧怕即将来临的苦难：因呼吸困难而在煎熬中痛苦地死去。从思想上说，我并不害怕死，但我怕的是怎样死，因为我在医院看到过病人在缺氧时苦苦挣扎，用手抓他们的面罩时的情景。他说。A report consistently brought back by visitors to the US is how friendly, courteous, and help

38、ful most Americans were to them. To be fair, this observation is also frequently made of Canada and Canadians, and should best be considered North American. There are, of course, exceptions. Small-minded officials, rude waiters, and ill-mannered taxi drivers are hardly unknown in the US. Yet it is a

39、n observation made so frequently that it deserves comment.For a long period of time and in many parts of the country, a traveler was a welcome break in an otherwise dull existence. Dullness and loneliness were common problems of the families who generally lived distant from one another. Strangers an

40、d travelers were welcome sources of diversion, and brought news of the outside world.The harsh realities of the frontier also shaped this tradition of hospitality. Someone traveling alone, if hungry, injured, or ill, often had nowhere to turn except to the nearest cabin or settlement. It was not a m

41、atter of choice for the traveler or merely a charitable impulse on the part of the settlers. It reflected the harshness of daily life: if you didnt take in the stranger and take care of him, there was no one else who would. And someday, remember, you might be in the same situation.Today there are ma

42、ny charitable organizations which specialize in helping the weary traveler. Yet, the old tradition of hospitality to strangers is still very strong in the US, especially in the smaller cities and towns away from the busy tourist trails. I was just traveling through, got talking with this American, a

43、nd pretty soon he invited me home for dinner-amazing. Such observations reported by visitors to the US are not uncommon, but are not always understood properly. The casual friendliness of many Americans should be interpreted neither as superficial nor as artificial, but as the result of a historical

44、ly developed cultural tradition.As is true of any developed society, in America a complex set of cultural signals, assumptions, and conventions underlies all social interrelationships. And, of course, speaking a language does not necessarily mean that someone understands social and cultural patterns

45、. Visitors who fail to translate cultural meanings properly often draw wrong conclusions. For example, when an American uses the word friend, the cultural implications of the word may be quite different from those it has in the visitors language and culture. It takes more than a brief encounter on a

46、 bus to distinguish between courteous convention and individual interest. Yet, being friendly is a virtue that many Americans value highly and expect from both neighbors and strangers.55. In the eyes of visitors from the outside world, _.（A）rude taxi drivers are rarely seen in the US（B）small-minded

47、officials deserve a serious comment（C）Canadians are not so friendly as their neighbors（D）most Americans are ready to offer help56. It could be inferred from the last paragraph that _.（A）culture exercises an influence over social interrelationship（B）courteous convention and individual interest are in

48、terrelated（C）various virtues manifest themselves exclusively among friends（D）social interrelationships equal the complex set of cultural conventions57. Families in frontier settlements used to entertain strangers _.（A）to improve their hard life（B）in view of their long-distance travel（C）to add some f

49、lavor to their own daily life（D）out of a charitable impulse58. The tradition of hospitality to strangers _.（A）tends to be superficial and artificial（B）is generally well kept up in the United States（C）is always understood properly（D）has something to do with the busy tourist trails答案与试题解析55.（D）意为：大部分美

50、国人乐于助人。文章第一句指出，去过美国的人所带回的印象总是（consistently）：大多数美国人表现为友好、礼貌、乐于助人。本文从历史与文化的角度探讨了产生这一现象的原因。A 意为：粗鲁的出租车司机在美国罕见。B 意为：心胸狭窄的官员值得严肃的一提（或：应受严肃的批评）。C 意为：加拿大人不如其邻国（当主要指美国）人民友好。注意：（A）、（B）、（C）表达的观点都不是第一段中所提到的访美者的观点，第一段的第二、三、四句表达的是本文作者的观点。在作者看来，公平地讲，许多到过加拿大的人对加拿大人也有同感，因此可以说：这是一种北美现象-北美人大都友好、礼貌、乐于助人。同时，在他看来，这种情况也有

51、例外：心胸狭隘的官员、粗鲁的侍者、无礼的出租车司机也不乏其人，但总的来看这并不构成主流。56.（A）意为：文化影响社会关系。最后一段的第一句是全段的主题，该句可译为：像其他发达国家一样，在美国，人际关系的背后是一系列复杂的文化符号、信念和习俗。换言之，美国的文化决定了美国人的行为。B 意为：礼貌的习惯与个人兴趣互相影响。最后一段第五句可译为：仅靠在公共汽车上瞬时相遇来区别礼貌是出自于文化习惯还是个人的兴趣是不够的。根据本段的主旨和全文的主旨，这句话应该理解为：判断一个人表现出的礼貌行为究竟仅产生于其个人素质还是产生于文化的熏，仅看其个别的、偶然的行为是不行的。换言之，如果他随时随地表现为礼让，

52、或者，如果生活在某一区域或国家的人都表现为礼让，那末，你才能判定礼貌行为不是一种个人现象，而是一种社会文化现象。C 意为：各种美德仅表现在朋友关系中。这一点文章最后一段没提到。最后一段所举的朋友一词的例子旨在说明：在不同文化中，一样的概念未必有同一涵或外延。D 意为：社会关系等于一系列复杂的文化习俗。根据该段第一句，二者是决定与被决定关系，并非等同关系。见上文分析。57.（C）意为；为自己的日常生活增添情趣。第二段指出，在美国历史的很长一段时期（即所谓拓荒时代），对许多地区来说，一个旅行者的到来是很受欢迎的，因为它可以对平时单调的生活起一个调节（break）作用。离群索居的家庭共同的问题是日常

53、生活的单调与寂寞，陌生人或旅行者的到来可以使他们暂时摆脱这种生活状况，另外。他们也可以因此获得外界信息。A 意为：改善艰苦的生活。根据上文分析可见，陌生人受欢迎的原因主要是因为他们所带来的精神效应，而非物质生活效应。第三段提到，拓荒地区（frontier）的残酷现实也是形成美国人礼貌传统的原因。一个孤独的旅游者有问题自然求助于路边最近的居住点，这对旅游者来说不是一个选择问题（即：他别无选择），对就近的定居者来说，提供必要的帮助也不仅仅是出于怜悯（charitable impulse）。这反映的是日常生活的严酷现实：如果定居者不接收并帮助他，就没有别人了，另外，有一天定居者本人也可能处于同一境地

54、。B 意为：考虑到他们所做的长途跋涉。D 意为：出于怜悯。见上文分析。58.（B）意为：在美国得以广泛的保持。第二、三段探索了形成美国人友善好客传统的原因之后，第四段指出，虽然现在有许多专门的机构帮助旅行者，但是，友善好客的旧传统在美国仍根探蒂固，这突出表现在远离旅游热线的一些小城市中。本段最后一句指出，许多美国人随意表现出的友善不应该被看作是表面或虚假的应酬，而应该看作是一种历史文化现象。另外，文章最后一段指出，友善好客是倍受美国人珍视的美德，他们同样希望邻国人和其他外国人也表现出这一美德。A 意为：经常是表面上的、虚假的。见上文分析。C 意为：总是能被正确理解。相反，第四段指出，许多外国人

55、对美国人的一些友好表示感到不可思议（amazing），这反映了他们对美国历史文化传统的不理解。参阅第四段第三、四、五句。D 意为：与一些旅游热线有关。不对，见上文分析。翻译句子1、Strangers and travelers were welcome sources of diversion, and brought news of the outside world.参考译文 陌生人和旅游者是受欢迎的消遣的来源，他们带来外部世界的新闻。结构剖析 句子的主干结构是 Strangers and travelers wereand brought。阅读重点 注意 diversion 在这里的含义

56、是解闷，取乐的事情，消遣，娱乐，而不是转移，转向的意思。2、The casual friendliness of many Americans should be interpreted neither as superficial nor as artificial, but as the result of a historically developed cultural tradition.参考译文 许多美国人的这种随意的友好态度不应该被看成是肤浅的或虚假的，而应该被作为一种历史上发展而来的文化传统的结果来解释。结构剖析 这个句子的主干结构是 The casual friendline

57、ss should be interpreted neither as A nor Bbut as C，使用了被动语态。其中 neithernor 结构后用的是同样词性的成分：形容词 superficial 和 artificial。阅读重点 注意 neithernorbut 结构的使用：既不是也不是而是，重点在but之后。as the/a result of：作为的结果，由于而。3、As is true of any developed society, in America a complex set of cultural signals, assumptions, and conven

58、tions underlies all social interrelationships.参考译文 就如同在任何一个发达社会里一样，在美国，所有社会相互关系下面都隐含着一系列复杂的文化信号、假设和传统观念。结构剖析 句子的主干结构是 cultural signals, assumptions, and conventions underliesinterrelationships。阅读重点 注意 as 在这里是一个代词，表示这一情况，这一事实。可以参考以下的例句来理解 as 的用法：The night had turned cold, as is usual around here. 夜晚变

59、得很冷，在这一带经常如此。补充难句翻译1、There are, of course, exceptions. Small-minded officials, rude waiters, and ill-mannered taxi drivers are hardly unknown in the US. Yet it is an observation made so frequently that it deserves comment.参考译文 当然，例外是存在的。在美国，心胸狭窄的官员，粗鲁的侍者，和没有礼貌的出租车司机也并不少见。然而人们常常得出这样的观察意见，这使得它值得被讨论一下。

60、结构剖析 第一个句子使用了 there be 句型，其中 of course 是插入语。第二句是主语+系动词+表语结构。第三句话中使用了 so that 结构：其中 made so frequently 是过去分词作定语，修饰前面的 observation。阅读重点 第一句中的 of course 作插入语，用逗号与句子的其它部分分开，在开始阅读的时候可以不看。注意第二句话中使用了双重否定表示肯定：hardly unknown 等于pretty well-known。另外注意 sothat 结构的用法：太以至于。另外 observation 这里的意思是因观察而得出的意见。另外 it dese