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1、成人英语三级考试辅导1 考试介绍 为了检测北京地区成人教育系统中非外语专业的教学水平,为了保证成人本科毕业生学位的质量而设立的学位考试。每年在4月和11月各开考一次。从9点到11点。成人英语三级辅导涉及考试人员:北京所有大学招收的函授生以成人教育学院会计、金融、计算机、管理、法学、汉语等专业的在校生。考试大纲 目的是培养学生具有较强的阅读能力、一定的英语汉语互译能力和初步的听力能力,使他们能以英语为工具获取专业所需要的信息,因此本考试重点考核学生运用语言的能力,重点是考核学生的于都能力以及对语法结构和词语用法的熟练程度。考试分值分布各部分题型题号题目数量 计分PartI Reading1-15
2、1530PartIIVocabulary16-453030PartIII Identification 46-551010PartIV Cloze56-752010PartV Translation76-851020本课程的目标1. 讲解核心考点、强调易懂易背牢记。2. 问题课堂解决,课下巩固。3. 以“实用、精准、效率”为讲授原则。4. 及时反馈,查漏补缺。考生常见的击中应考状态分析1. 词汇贫乏、看不懂文章,对考试有畏惧感,甚至抵触情绪。2. 多次考试,考场上精神紧张,易受周围环境影响,心理应激能力差。3.态度不端正,以工作忙为借口,掩盖自己不努力的事实。4.很努力,但没有找对正确的方法,
3、尽力了,但效果不明显。正确的态度和方法1. 找对考点、难点,自己的薄弱环节,努力改变。2.用科学的方法分析自己的优势和不足。3. 有的放矢,不要停留和满足现有的水平,要不断提高。4. 训练自己的记忆力和逻辑思维能力以及应变能力,树立信心,我一定行。正确的考试方法1. 从简单题,会做的题目,有把握的题目入手,建立得分根据地。2.面对难题,如阅读理解题,不要着眼于个别题目和词汇,而是有全局概念,全篇概念,从战略方法入手,从主旨入手。3. 思维的迅速,敏捷将促使考生激发斗志,将潜能发挥出来。4. 平时的积累和习惯很重要,如果没有积累,现在就要开始。5.让正确的题目,思维如影随行,错题像癌细胞,不及早
4、割除,后患无穷。正确的考试方法和做题顺序1. 根据地的创立:改错题+词汇题+语法题(30-40分)2. 根据地的扩大(40-50分或以上)翻译题+阅读题3. 进步一努力,功课最难项目 完形填空成人学位英语三级考试如何攻克词汇难关!北京地区成人本科学士学位英语统一考试,题型不难但是通过率不高,多数考生反映记不住单词,介绍英语三级考试突破词汇的方法。英语三级考试大纲对词汇的要求是记忆3550个单词,以及由这些词构成的常用词组、固定搭配等。大纲要求的常用词组(词组和搭配)往往是考查的重点,它们要么出现在词汇试题中,要么出现在完形填空中,应该是记忆的重点。一、 对考试词汇分析研究分析19922006年
5、18次历年真题,将英语三级词汇分为:核心词汇和非核心词汇及超纲词汇。核心词汇: 考试试题中出现频率较高的词和词汇考查重点、本身带有词组较多的词、多于其它此类搭配的词、有特殊用法的词,考生不熟悉的词。1000个词左右。非核心词汇:中学阶段可能掌握的词,专有名词,简单词(意思单一,用法单一).这些词除非在阅读理解中外,一般不会被设计成词汇试题。1000个词左右。超纲词汇:分析超纲词汇在考试中的比例很小,针对超纲词汇的考查并不难,那么掌握超纲词的要求也就不高,基本上是对词汇的概念理解。那么考生真正需要突破的词汇在1500个左右。攻克词汇关三、 对考生的几点建议单词记忆方法很多,诸如:归类记忆法、图物
6、记忆法、筛选记忆法、分析记忆法、比较记忆法、循环记忆法、解剖记忆法、规律记忆法、歌诀记忆法、表格记忆法、提纲记忆法、趣味记忆法、卡片记忆法、浓缩记忆法等等。特别提醒考生一定要针对英语三级的考试特点,明确词汇考核的方向,找到适合自己的一二种记忆方法,不能见异思迁。 机械的记忆- 词根法: - cess,(step) access, recess, concess - cord accord , discord , record fer(shift,shuttle ) offer, ferry 分段联想记忆 systematically - system- tica-lly 系统的-Uncontr
7、ollable un-control lable 无法控制的Brunch - breakfast- lunch 早午餐 workaholic work alcohol-lic 工作狂 联想、谐音记忆 pillow - 疲劳 supply- support- ply 支持 show- 秀, 展示, talent- 达人, class up 高大上 dangerous 担心- 这个-惹事- 危险 freak 匪夷所思- see -saw 秋千 看和看见-来回来去 chant- 合唱 stubborn 笨拙,傻笨 easy 容易Fart 放(X) Artisan art isan 手工达人Farti
8、san 放(x)达人 Weird 歪了- 怪异的Lady- killer- lady kill-er 师奶杀手 lesbian 蕾丝边Gay 钙片同义词-反义词-搭配-语法 same- different- contrary Get on get off ,call on call offSmart- silly , unite- disintegrate 合并-分裂, lose and find Contact- lose contact ,make contact with 一词多义动词-名词-形容词的相互转换名词转换动词Hand me /pass me the knife 递给我刀子Ha
9、nds off her 离她远点Walk the dog 遛狗 lose and find 失物招领Walkie and talkie 对讲机Catfish 鲶鱼-钓网友语境不同,词义不同,组合记忆文化Got Stood up 被放鸽子 I am baked .吸粉 I am straight. 我是异性恋Nailed house 钉子户You are my Mrs. Right 意中人特别提醒考生一定要针对英语三级的考试特点,明确词汇考核的方向,找到适合自己的一二种记忆方法,不能见异思迁。1. 每次背诵的数量和时间要根据自己的具体情况定,背诵要选择一天中头脑清晰、精力充沛的时候进行。其它时间
10、要记也要本着心情能静下来为原则; 第一天褒义形容词形容人的品格Amazing, charming, killing lady, personality super cool, hot Day2: negative : suck 衰,freak ,dull, nerd, 2. 观察:记生词时不要上来就盲目地拼记。最好先用几分钟时间仔细观察该词的结构,找出其特点。这样做表面上看似乎浪费时间,但实际上对记单词大有帮助;Economics, statistics, logistics- ics 词缀表示学科,经济学,统计学,后勤学Mania- hysteria- myopia- ia 表示疾病3. 遵
11、循人的记忆规律,循环复习比一次性记忆有效;4. 脑子是很容易疲劳的,记忆的时间学生最好控制在一个半个小时以内;5. 联想 联想有助于单词记忆,这是毫无疑问的。厕所的说法: WC, Mens Room, Rest Room, toilet toilet tower 厕纸,hose 水阀此外,贵在坚持。特别提醒考生一定要针对英语三级的考试特点,明确词汇考核的方向,找到适合自己的一二种记忆方法,不能见异思迁。1. 每次背诵的数量和时间要根据自己的具体情况定,背诵要选择一天中头脑清晰、精力充沛的时候进行。其它时间要记也要本着心情能静下来为原则;2. 观察:记生词时不要上来就盲目地拼记。最好先用几分钟时
12、间仔细观察该词的结构,找出其特点。这样做表面上看似乎浪费时间,但实际上对记单词大有帮助;3. 遵循人的记忆规律,循环复习比一次性记忆有效;4. 脑子是很容易疲劳的,记忆的时间学生最好控制在一个半个小时以内;5. 联想 联想有助于单词记忆,这是毫无疑问的。此外,贵在坚持。二、 词汇所占分值分析1. 词汇考试题型中在第二部分:词语用法和语法结构(PartVocabulary and Structure)(30%),共30题,考试时间25分钟。题目中50%为词和短语的用法,50%为语法结构。词语用法和语法结构部分主要考核学生运 用词汇、短语及语法结构的能力。2. 要特别注意词汇和语法结构的学习。大家
13、应当意识到,词汇和语法的学习不能满足于词汇、短语、语法规则的量,最重要的是熟练掌握它们的用法。成人本科学士学位统一考试的题型有易有难,其中词汇和语法结构分属比较容易的题型,考生不应该丢的分。词汇与结构复习要点和真题解析考点分析和真题1.哪些语法现象可成为考点?2.解题技巧3.理解加记忆4.强记的内容3. 第三题挑错(10%),第四题完形填空(10%)与词汇是密不可分的。总体算来词汇占总卷面分值的50%.在强调词汇重要时我们不容忽视语法的重要性。复习步骤1.熟悉真题中的常见考点-背诵2.学习考点后的语法理论叙述并加以体会 -强化记忆3. 遇到语法涵盖相关词汇-反映出语法提示关键点和对应的结构=
14、非对应项排除4. 巩固练习思维定式 1. 什么是思维定式? 通过分析题目的出现频率,总结出考点,分析考点的语法内容,答案的普遍特点,来论证语法意义上的题目敏感词和答案之间的内在联系。 在考试时,熟读熟记这些词汇,反映出考点和答案。2.正确答案的特点2.1 取自普遍存在的常识,习惯用语,只有广泛阅读才能掌握,否则需要死背句子。而不是单词。 It is no use crying over split milk. catch sb doing sth. you had better do /not do What can be done cannot be undone. only to be t
15、old 却被告知 land on 着陆,take off 起飞Take off 脱衣,put on穿衣Put on 假装 put off 拖延 死记硬背的很多 Let us go to somewhere ,cant we XXshall we? (YY) is very likely to 很有可能 prone to /tend to /be probably speaking language spoken language 每个固定搭配后面都有理论的支持,如能理解就能在不知单词的情况下做对。 语法题在理解语法的基础上得到答案,死记硬背并非不可,但量大。 see boy crying Se
16、e boy cry 有何不同。Collocation 固定搭配 总结出的用法:It is no use doing something. 类似 you had better do ,not do sth occurred to sb. sth happened to sb. Twice as much I will get pay increase when I have obtained the degree. 当我获得学位后会得到涨薪。 My suggestion . Be 动词原形If I were you , I would 千年不变的考点If I can, I will It is
17、high time we did Given time, we would A, as well as B, C. C 一定是看A He did A, doing B and did C . get/is used to doing 习惯于 used to be 过去曾是 when asked/questioned 当问及反义疑问句 that 后的从句语法不缺That SOV is well known. with v-ed, 原因状语 now that 既然As is well known ,独立结构,众所周知 , however, 部分转折 as if he were response t
18、o 双宾动词变被动语态,宾补带to help him cross the street he was helped to cross the street 心理状态动词时动名词的被动答案特点2 语法上说得通 语法较集中,考点才集中。 A_ you dont know the rule wont be a sufficient excuse for your failure A. that B. It is C. because D. what. It is that . because ,.What rule 矛盾 思维定式1 do as as much as we can 实意义动词有宾语或
19、从句再往后就是to, 做目的状语 大多数实义动词搭配后有to do 那么一定是目的状语思维定式2 先有空,后有完整句,而主句语法不缺是,那么一定要考到分词,且是过去分词,表原因,条件,时间,让步-思路:人是句子的逻辑主语_ ,he will make super star. A. giving time B. to give time C. given time D. being given time 思维定式2先有句子,而后面是空,那么一定考到现在分词,是伴随状语,找v- ing 那个 He will make super star, _ to the word. A. make his n
20、ame known B. making his name known C. to make his name knownD. made his name known 思维定式3 1. 两个实义动词同时出现,必定考分词,否则考词性:瞬间动作动词(stop, keep,start,join),状态改变动词(become,turn) 这时 句子无逗号有and 那么是ed有逗号,那么ed, ing 同时出现。 思维定式4 非人类的名词作主语,后面有系动词Remain, keep, turn, grow,那么一定是不定式的被动语态做宾语 but it remained _ whether they wi
21、ll enjoy it. A.to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. seen思维定式5 背与理解互补 不定式前使役、心理期望类动词,动名词前一定是抽象的评价性心理活动-原理,与动作有关还是与概念有关 I _ the boy to save money, but he woudnt listen A. hoped B. suggested C. wanted D. made I love attending concerts 我喜欢去看音乐会 I dislike wearing coat in winter seasons. 我不喜欢冬天穿大衣 思维定式6 介词后一
22、定是名词或动名词看到,of ,about, in ,on后面不能有不定式 I thought of _ the animal was fo great valueA. protecting B.protect C. being protected D. to protect 思维定式7 need, worth, require, want 动词后紧跟宾语主动含被动意义,一定是v- ing 但如有物宾语,宾补则为v-ed The novel is worth _ ,I think - reading I want this document(文件) typed 我需要这个文件的电子版。思维定式8
23、 根据语境分清主动和被动 people sometimes cant help persuading into buying .错:改为 _ Being persuaded被劝购物。 思维定式9:比较级连词前后一致Than , 同为v-ing, to do He finds it easier to do the cooking himself than teaching his wife to cook. Teaching- to teach 思维定式10 有形式主语的地方一定有不定式,否则多半是名词性从句 it is easier to do the work after learning
24、 the method. 学过方法后做事情就简单了。 What makes work easier to do is the method. A tall man driving a golden carriage_ the girl and took her away, _ into the woods. seized, disappearing. 思维定式11 连词后动词的过去分词,相当定语从句 when asked /questioned at the meeting - when he was asked/questioned at the meeting语法涵盖内容 1.非谓语动词2
25、.从句(定语、状语、名词性从句)3.时态(16种时态一般、进行、完成、完成进行与现在、过去、将来、过去将来的组合)4.虚拟语气(if 条件句;wish;as if;建议命令要求省should)5. 连词(转折but、因果so、并列and、时间when/as、原因sinece、条件if 、程度so that 、其它though)6.代词(相互代词、不定代词few,neither,little,few,somebody,someone,anybody;疑问代词,关系代词(who,whom,whose, what )7.介词(in,on, at,about, after, against, arou
26、nd, before,between, by ,down, during, for, from, of, off, to ,under, up, with及固定搭配) 8.反义疑问句,do,dont/will,wont you9.独立主格(名词-不定式,介词短语)10.情态动词(推测、义务;can could,may might)语法考点 11.倍数和分数 (X times as big as/x times bigger than, is the same size of / x times as much for) 12. 强调句( it is 被强调部分that)13.主谓一致(what
27、 主补复,whether, both;不定代词单数;单数表复数概念police)14.被动语态(感官动词被动后加to)15. 形式主语(it is 形容词、名词for 宾人to do16.系动词(turn, grow, taste, fall,sound 后形容词,be,become名词)考点 1 非谓语动词 动名词、分词、不定式 考点: 不定式、动名词和分词在用法上的区别 不定式和动名词的时态和语态 介词加动名词1.1 Ing form 术语 动词以ing结尾,有时形式叫a) 现在分词,有时叫b)动名词,判断依据是它们更象动词或是形容词,若是则为现在分词,若是名词,则是(b) I sat t
28、here wondering what to do . hiking on the mountain is good for you. 1.2 动名词的和现在分词的时态、语态 时态、语态 主动 被动 一般式 doing being done 完成式 having done having been d.举例: He cant understand his being rejected. 他难以理解被拒绝的原因。1.3与现在分词的区别特征: 1) 可做句子的主语、宾语、补语,而现在分词则只能做补语、形容词性定语,不能单独做主语。 The movie is amazing. 补语-表语 I foun
29、d the movie amazing. 宾补Amazing shanghai is our destination. 定语不能说 amazing is what I am looking for. 总结: 具有形容词的特征。表另。1.2 动名词更像名词,分词像形容词2) 动名词放在物主代词my, your和所有格名词s 的后面,现在分词则不能。 He denied having been bullied. 他否认被虐待。 His having been rejected is ridiculous . 他被拒绝的理由很荒唐。 Do you mind my making a proposal?
30、 你介意我提个建议吗? 分词表正在,-相对ed表完成、被动分词和时间/动作有关,修饰正在进行动作的名词或主语的相关动作,而动名词是超越时空的。 There is no Parking room here. A parking car with a green-hand driver held up the whole traffic of the there. 菜鸟司机正在停车让交通混乱。 A wrongly parked car held up traffic. 烂停的汽车阻碍了交通。动作完成。4)共性:动名词/现在分词复合句中都可做句子状语 因为有形容词的性质,所以才有责任。 Having
31、 learnt the news, they rushed to the scene to make live report. 听到消息后,他们赶赴现场做直播。 after learning the news, 原因: 分词侧重动作先后,动名词侧重事件先后,都表先后,所以都能做状语。1.2分词的语法功能1) 定语,修饰名词: Yesterday I watched an interesting movie.2) 作状语,如主句主语发出的动作,用v-ing,如是动作的接受者,则用过去分词。Having done the work, we went home.The machine being b
32、roken, we had to fix it right away. (物-接受者)1.4.3) 现在分词表主动,过去分词表被动3) Heading for the airport, the car carried 6 people. 主动 Legs broken, the dog cant walk any longer.被动。1.4.4)分词作表语 现在分词表示 具有。属性,令人感觉如何,具有主动的含义。4.1 The news is thrilling .消息令人震惊。4.2过去分词表完成。We are thrilled. 我们震惊了。We are amazed. 我们很惊讶。 4.3
33、过去分词表被动。 The car was broken down.车坏了。1.2.5分词作插入语 Generally speaking. 通常来说Judging from what he speaks, Taking all things into consideration, all things considered 1.5 考点归纳 1.5.1 动名词和不定式的区别 看到 停止、记得、忘记、不喜欢、继续、 打算、尝试。意思不一样Stop , remember, forget, continue, keep on, go on, attempt 动名词表概念,不定式表另一未完成的动作。1.
34、5.2)连词加分词 状语从句的主语指向主句的逻辑主语,选择不同分词的目的是让逻辑主语保持一个。While waiting at the airport, they texted him a message.在机场等的时候,他们给他发了一条短信。 when asked the question, he kept silence. 1.5.3)分词不同,词义不同的单词 stop doing 停下手工活Stop to do 干新活 remember doing 记得做完事Remember to do 记得去做事 forget doing 忘记已完成 forget to do 忘记没去做1.5.4 V
35、-ing和to do 的区别 感官动词see, look, watch, hear, listen to使役动词 make, help, offer, let, force 现在分词表示目睹、听说时的状态。不定式表示动作全程。 I heard boy cry.一直都哭个不停。I heard boy crying when I came in. 我进门时看到孩子在哭。 1.5.5)以动名词为宾语的动词 以V-ing 作宾语的动词 喜欢 考虑与 避免 like, enjoy, consider, avoid停止 介意 与冒险 stop, mind, risk 耽误 倾向与拖延delay, pref
36、er, delay 善于放弃此训练 good at, give up ,practice 完成、建议和忍受 finish, suggest, stand 继续享受各种讨厌keep on, enjoy, hate,detest 必须记住的动词短语下列的惯用语中要用动名词cannot help doing(=cannot but do)“禁不住”It is no use doing(=It is of no use to do)“无用”be worth doing“值得” be busy doing“忙于”feel like doing “想要” What (or how) about doing
37、.“如何”It goes without saying that“用不着说二。不定式、过去分词的基本用法时态 主动 被动一般式 to do to be done 完成式to have done to have been done 否定形式 not to do , not done 2.1后跟to do 作宾语的动词 负担/同意定目标afford, agree, aim to 提问表现是打扰 ask/appear/be/bother选择期待与关爱 choose/expect/care 决心计划与迟疑 decide/plan/hesitate 发生希望和打算 happen/hope/manage
38、学习许诺与倾向 learn/promise/tend to决心要求与假装determine/demand/pretend 2.1 为什么不定式出现在动词后 一个动词后面紧接着跟一个动词很常见,如果我们谈论对于某个行动的态度,先是心理动作的动词,表示心理活动(想、享受,期待,认为,希望,打算) ,然后用动作加以说明怎么实现这一动作达到目的.所以才有上述规则区别ving ,to do 心理感觉后v-ing 当某种动作纯粹是心理活动或感觉,以及心理活动所触发的,它没有具体的成形的安排,只是泛泛的谈某种概念,那么动词后就是跟动名词做宾语。 I enjoy playing cards. I dislik
39、e waiting for people, even 1 minute. 我不喜欢等人,哪怕一分钟。2.1 动词+疑问词+不定式 记住怎么做,做什么 remember how to 发现怎么做 find out how to/what to 学习怎么做 learn how to /what to 解释怎么做explain how to /what to 考虑怎么做consider how to /what to 明白怎么做understand how to /what See, 明白show 示范,know 了解,tell 告诉 2.2 可跟宾语+不定式的动词Ask sb. To do sth
40、.请某人做某事 beg sb to do sth. 乞求某人做某事 choose sb. To do sth. 选择。 expect sb. To do sth.期待某人做某事 need sb. To do sth. 需要某人做某事 prefer sb. To do sth. 倾向某人做某事 want/wish sb. To do sth.要、希望某人做某事2.3 infinitive 不定式的特点 1 不能独立做谓语 infinitive 无限的可能 因为他与v-ing, v-ed不能独立地充当谓语,不受主语的人称和数的限定。 没听说过: to do the job. waiting man
41、. waited man 这类不叫橘子。 而只能; to do the job. waiting man. waited man 这类不叫句子。 He wants to do the job. He is a waiting man. 动词不定式的特点:2) 主动、被动、进行 ,有“体”无 “ 时” ,用be 来表时 ,自身超时空存在要想起到作用,必须得找助动词构成” 体的特点,如完成体,have written,进行体 to be writing, 态的概念: to be written To have been written 被动语态 而没有“时” 的概念,不能说to did , to
42、will did, 时间的概念必须有谓语动词来表现,如 I am to , she was to , I will be doing. 2 。4 动词不定式表具体的,要去做尚未完成的行为在句子中作主语、宾语、宾补、表语*主语表具体行为 To do the work is their duty.而动名词则虚化为一个概念而非具体一件事Working at airport is a challenge for me.To work at airport I am given an uniform. 2.4 动词不定式的句子成分1. 作句子主语 To get promotion requires hi
43、m to work overtime. 升职意味着加班 It takes me 3 hours to get the job done. 搞定这件事化了我3小时时间。2. 4.2 不定式做宾语 I hope to further my study and find a work when I graduate. I want to know what is wrong. 我想知道错在什么地方。2.4.4 动词不定式做表语 1. Your job is to take care of these children. 你的工作时是这些小孩。 2. What he said proved to be
44、 wrong. 他所说的都证明是错的。 3. His words turned out to be true. 它的话原来都是对了2.4.3. 不定式做宾语补足语 我请他帮我一个忙。I asked him to do me a favor.I want all of our classmates to pass the exam.我希望我们所有的学生都能通过考试。 我讨厌他这么早让我起床。I hate him to wake me up so early.2.4.4 不定式做目的状语 we climbed higher and found a safe and comfortable plac
45、e to watch the rising sun . 我们爬到一个更高,更安全,更舒适的地方来看日出。 On sundays, I always go to the whole market to buy vegetables and fruits.周日,我倡导食品超市卖蔬菜和水果。2.5 哪些动词后没to : 感官动词以不带to的动词不定式做宾语See hear feel watch 看听和感觉Notice, help ,let,have 注意帮助指使安排 例句:他们帮我拿箱子:They helped me carry the boxes. I watched her cross the
46、road 我看着他走过马路。2.5 做题时,判断主动和被动,被动一定加to do 当let make, 使役动词,看听想类动词的宾语做主语时,宾补加to He was made to cry. she was seen to lie.Children were watched to cry. 看到它们,在c/D有to 而无to的地方错。2.5.had better do ,would rather do had rather, would sooner 后不带toYou had better stop. 你最好别干了You had best stop .I would rather stay
47、here alone. 2.5 would rather +从句 (did) Id rather you gave me nothing.宁愿( 对过去事情的相反评价,是虚拟语气的一种表达方式) 我宁愿你什么都没给我。 2.5 would rather do a than do b Iwouldratherwatch TVat home thansee films . would rather 后是实义动词,在比较的句型中都用一般现在时。2.5.3 情态动词后的实义动词不带to can, could, may, will, shall, should , must He may not com
48、e.他也许不来了。Our friends will help us. 我们的朋友会帮我们。 2.6 动词不定式的被动式 to be done She ought to be told about it . 常考: 主动的应变为被动没有变。被动的应变为主动而没有变。 I didnt expect to invite. -=wrong I didnt expect to be invited. 2.7 考点: 主动涵被动的含义2.7.1 need, require/ want 主动涵被动 I want my car repairing. Wrong I want my car to be repa
49、ired. (correct) I want my car repaired.(correct) 看宾语是人还是物, The dog needs washing. 看主语是动作的承受者还是发出者。 3.7.2 Doing 某事,to do 具体动作2.8 动词不定式的否定形式 not to do not to do :would you please not to touch this ?您能不碰这东西吗? 我们被告知不要出门We are told not to go out. 2.9 It is (adj) for sb. To do sth.某人做某事是非常。的。 。形容词包括 easy,
50、 difficult, important ,better, necessary ,enough, not enough It is difficult for him to perform the duty alone. 他独自履行职责是很困难的。2.10 it is adj of sb. To do sth 某人做某事真 ( 聪明,傻) 形容词多为感情色彩的,形容品质、品格的单词 clever , rude, silly, foolish ,selfish 聪明、粗鲁、愚蠢、傻、自私Kind 好2.11 *动词不定式的进行式 It is nice to be sitting here wi
51、th you. I will be waiting for him. 在谈论的时间正在做的事情,或将来肯定会做的事情。 *2.12 动词不定式的完成式 to _ 现在完成时 she said she was sorry to have missed you. 他说没看到你很遗憾。 I meant to have telephoned, but I forgot. 我打算打电话的,但忘了。 3. 过去分词 时态语态 主动 被动一般式 donebeen done 完成式 had done had been done3.1-ed 分词的句法功能 -ed 分词首先是形容词,表示动作的完成或接受动作后的
52、结果,即被动状态1.做定语,因为它是形容词 we are beautifully dressed. 我们穿得漂亮。 they are confused.他们懵了。 All the doors are locked. 门都被锁上了。 2. ed 分词作 appear, feel, seem , look 等系动词后做主语的补语He felt broken down. 他觉得身体垮了。The children looked puzzled. 孩子们都很迷惑。3.-ed分词在感官动词后做宾补 see, hear, feel, watch, notice, think, find表示动作的接受者所处的
53、状态。I thought my purse lost.我觉得我的钱包没了。I hear the song sung. 我听过这首歌被人长。We found they discouraged. 我们发现他们很沮丧。3.3 ed分词在have, want,wish,expect, like 后做宾补 表示让、期待、梦想某事做成,某物处于某种状态。I will have all these documents typed. 我要这些文件的电子版。 I must get the work done before Saturday. 周六前这活必须干完。 3.4 ed 分词作定语前置定语 表示所修饰的名
54、词处于接受动作的状态或完成状态。改变了的主意 changed idea出版的书籍 published bookA newly arrived guest 新来的客人-ed 后置定语相当于一个从句 the book recommended is sold out.The book that is recommended is sold out. 被推荐的那本书卖完了。3.5 连词+ed分词作状语1. 表示谓语动作的时间、原因、条件 Moved by his spirit, we decided to work hard. 被他的精神感动,我们决心努力工作。(原因) Given time, I w
55、ould pass the exam.- If I was given time, I would.假以时日,我将通过考试。(条件) 连词+ed分词作状语2. when asked to answer the question, I pretended not to hear. 当让我回答者个问题是,我假装没听见。When I was asked to answer the question, 3.分词、不定式的 练习 He began by showing us where the country was and went on _ us about its climate. A. tell
56、ing B. to tellC. to telling D. to be told. The news reporters hurried to the airport, only _ the films stars had left.A. to tellB. to be toldC. tellingD. told. 常见以不定式作宾语的及物动词 想要希望喜欢期待渴望渴求want/wish/like/expect 开始忘记请求 begin/forget/ask 继续计划答应 continue/plan/promise 选择提供决心尝试choose/offer/determine/ try 拒绝
57、假装打算憎恨 refuse/pretend/plan/hate形容词后的动词不定式表为什么那样 I was very pleased to see you yesterday. she was upset to hear that her sister was ill. He was surprised to learn how much hed spent. she is very nice to talk to .当动词与介词连用 位于形容词动词不定式结构的句子末尾 She is easy to get on with .错 she is with easy to get on. I am
58、 very glad to meet you. 很高兴见到你。 It is nice to be here. 来这很好。 动词不定式省略to 的情况 see, hear, watch,notice,observe, behold, see O to do feel. 感官动词 二使(let/make)两听listen to, hear, 三观(see, observe, behold) 此外: would rather(宁愿), you had better (最好,can do nothing but 在名词后,infinitive 不定式做后置定语 Give me a cup of cof
59、fee to drink. 谈论目的,做事的理由,to do He started drinking to forget. 他借酒浇愁 I get up early in order to have time to pack. 起床以便准备行装 主动含被动的意思 The door wont open. There is a lot of work to do Give me 6 letters to write today. He has got 2 houses to let. Who is to blame ? 省to 不定式在变被动时,to要保留 He was seen to go in
60、to the dormitory by me. She was heard to sing in the next roomStop类动词后加/-ing与 to do 不同含义 stop, remember,forget,continue,regretHe stopped the car to ask for the route. He stopped working. stop doing 停下手中工作、stop to do 停下干另一件事(to do 目的状语) remember doing/to 记得曾经、记得要 forget doing/to 不定式可直接做目的状语,而动名词做状语则需
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