NEBOSH培训资料IGC1E4ppt课件

1、ELEMENT 4PLANNING FOR SAFETYLEARNING OUTCOMESPolicy Importance of planning in H&S Principles and practice of risk assessment Hierarchy of controls Key sources of H&S information Factors to be considered when developing SSOW Role and function of permit to work systemPLANNING FOR SAFETYRemember. Plan,

2、 do check act? - HSEMSNow set the objectives, but make them SMARTSpecific:Clearly definedMeasurable:Can be measuredAchievable:It can be doneReasonable:Within the time scaleTimely:A deadline or timescaleMODEL QUESTIONMARKSOutline what the organisation may need to consider when setting health and safe

3、ty objectives8 marksRISK ASSESSMENTWhat is it?A careful examination of what, in your work, could cause harm to people so that you can weigh up whether you have taken enough precautions to prevent harm or need to do more.The aim of risk assessment is to identify significant risks and set priorities t

4、o minimise risks thereby reducing accidents and ill health.RISK ASSESSMENTThe concept of risk assessment requires to take reasonably practicable precautions to safeguard staff and everyone else who may be affected by the operations. The risk assessment should be based on a balanced judgment of the e

5、xtent and realization of the risk against time, trouble and cost of the steps required to remove or reduce it. If the cost is grossly disproportionate, then the company is entitled to say that the steps proposed are not reasonably practicable.MODEL QUESTIONMARKSGive the meaning of the term risk asse

6、ssment4 marksIdentify reasons why a risk assessment should be recorded in writing4 marksRISK ASSESSMENTDefinitions:AccidentNear MissDangerous OccurrenceOccupational/work related ill healthFrank & Bird accident triangle 1950sGathered from 600 incidentsRISK ASSESSMENTRISK ASSESSMENTWhat is a Hazard. A

7、nything that has the potential to cause harmWhat is Risk. The likelihood of the hazard realising actual harmMODEL QUESTIONMARKSDefine the term Hazard2 marksDefine the term Risk.2 marksRISK ASSESSMENTCompetence of Risk AssessorsA combination of training, knowledge, experience and personal qualitiesA

8、thorough understanding of the processes and procedures involvedKnowledge of own limitationsGood communication skillsMODEL QUESTIONMARKSAn organisation is to introduce a new manufacturing process at their work site. It is important that all significant risks area assessed and properly managedOutline

9、what the organisation needs to consider when deciding who should carry out risk assessments for the new process6 marksOutline the factors that the employer should take into account when selecting individuals to assist in carrying out the required risk assessment6 marksRISK ASSESSMENTRisk assessment

10、has to be Suitable and SufficientIdentify all the significant hazards and risksEvaluate the risksIdentify employees and others at riskIdentify control measuresRecord the significant and ignore the trivialBe appropriate to the nature of the workEnsure that the residual risk is lowMODEL QUESTIONMARKSE

11、xplain the criteria which must be met for the assessment to be suitable and sufficient4 marksRISK ASSESSMENTRisk Assessment 5 StepsIdentify the HazardsDecide who may be harmed and howEvaluate risks & existing precautionsRecord the findingsReview Assessments and revise if necessaryMODEL QUESTIONMARKS

12、Identify the key stages of a workplace risk assessment5 marksRISK ASSESSMENTStep 1- Identify the hazardsConsider both safety and health hazardsInspectionsTask AnalysisLegislationManufacturers InformationIncident dataMODEL QUESTIONMARKSIdentify FOUR means of hazard identification that may be used in

13、the workplace4 marksRISK ASSESSMENTStep 2-Who may be harmed & how?Employees, young workers, expectant mothers, visitors, public, disabled, night shift workers etc.Other Factors to ConsiderHow likely to occur? Consequences? Number of people? Effects of exposure?Frequency/Duration?Existing Controls?MO

14、DEL QUESTIONMARKSIdentify reasons why young workers could be at greater risk of being injured at work4 marksOutline the control measures that should be taken to minimise risks to young workers4 marksGive TWO reasons why visitors to a workplace might be at greater risk of injury than workers 2 marksO

15、utline the precautions that could be taken to ensure the health and safety of visitors to a workplace8 marksIdentify work activities that may present a particular risk to pregnant women at work AND give an example of EACH type of activity. 6 marks152022RISK ASSESSMENTRISK MATRIX1520SEVERITYLIKELIHOO

16、D23RISK ASSESSMENTLikelihood & Severity Exercise1520SEVERITYLIKELIHOOD24RISK ASSESSMENTLikelihood & Severity Exercise1520SEVERITYLIKELIHOOD25RISK ASSESSMENTHierarchy of Risk Reduction Measures- ERICPD EliminationReductionIsolateControlPersonal Protective EquipmentDisciplineRISK ASSESSMENTPrinciples

17、of ControlAvoiding risksEvaluating the risks that cannot be avoidedCombating the risks at sourceAdapting the work to the individualAdapting to technical progressReplacing the dangerous by the less / non dangerousSafe System of WorkReduce time of exposureGiving priority to collective protective measu

18、resProviding appropriate training, information and supervision MODEL QUESTIONMARKSOutline, with examples, the general hierarchy that should be applied in order to control health and safety risks in the workplace.8 marksIdentify the factors to be considered to reduce the risks to workers required to

19、work alone away from the workplace8 marksIdentify precautions that could be taken to reduce the risk of injury to visitors to a workplace6 marksOutline actions that an employer may take when a risk to a new or expectant mother cannot be avoided. 2 marksName and describe the signSAFETY SIGNSVideo Saf

20、ety signsMODEL QUESTIONMARKSIdentify FOUR categories of workplace safety signs AND give an example of EACH8 marksPPE must be;ComfortableAdjustableCompatibleAffordablePPE must have;Wearer TrainingAccommodationMaintenanceDefects reportedInspectionReplacement programme.PPE must not be;Worn if damagedAb

21、usedIncorrectly usedPPEProvided by employerNo cost to workerWorker complies with rulesPERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENTPPE is a last resortDoes not change likelihood only outcome! Many different types but must always be SUITABLE MODEL QUESTIONMARKSExplain why the provision of personal protective equipme

22、nt (PPE) should be considered only after other control measures8 marksDue to its limitations personal protective equipment (PPE) should only be considered after other control measuresOutline the limitations of using PPE8 marks1520SEVERITYLIKELIHOOD32RISK ASSESSMENTStep 4-Record the Significant findi

23、ngsThe significant hazardsPeople affectedAdequacy of controlsFurther actions requiredThe risk assessment should be communicated and made available to those involved so that any requirements can be implemented 1520SEVERITYLIKELIHOOD33RISK ASSESSMENTStep 5- Review Risk AssessmentCircumstance requiring

24、 RA ReviewAccidentsChanges in ProcessChanges in Work MethodsChanges in MaterialsNew Plant or TechnologyNew InformationChanges in LegislationProsecutions/Enforcement noticesChanges in PersonnelMonitoring Results not as expectedMODEL QUESTIONMARKSOutline THREE reasons for reviewing a risk assessment3

25、marksRemember sources of information from Element 1?Internal and external!This information should help to build a safe system of workSOURCES OF INFORMATION FOR H&SMODEL QUESTIONMARKSOutline sources of information that could be consulted when developing a safe system of work10 marksPRINCIPLES OF CONT

26、ROLDevelopment of a Safe systems of workThe integration of (MEEP)MaterialsEquipmentEnvironmentPeople To produce and maintain an acceptable level of safetyMODEL QUESTIONMARKSGive the meaning of the term safe system of work2 marksOutline factors that should be considered when developing a safe system

27、of work8 marksUsing a practical example, outline what is meant by the following types of controls within a safe system of workTechnicalBehaviouralProcedural2 marks eachAn organisation is introducing a new activity that requires a safe system of work. Explain:Why it is important to involve workers in

28、 the development of a safe system of work4 marksWhy it is important for safe systems of work to have written procedures4 marksPRINCIPLES OF CONTROLDeveloping a Safe systems of work - SREDIMSelect the task to be analysedRecord the steps or stages of the taskEvaluate the risks associated with each ste

29、pDevelop a safe working methodImplement the safe working methodMonitor to ensure it is effectiveMODEL QUESTIONMARKSOutline information that should be given to employees in a training session on a safe system of work8 marksPRINCIPLES OF CONTROL Developing a Safe systems of work Working in Confined Sp

30、aces What is a Confined Space?It can be any space of an enclosed nature where there is a risk of death or serious injury from hazardous substances or dangerous conditions (e.g. lack of oxygen).Any chamber, tank, vat, silo, pit, trench, pipe, sewer, flue, well or other similar space in which, by virt

31、ue of its enclosed nature, there arises a reasonably foreseeable specified risk; PRINCIPLES OF CONTROL Developing a Safe systems of work Working in Confined Spaces What are the dangers within a confined space?A lack of oxygenPoisonous gas, fume or vapourFire and explosionsHot conditionsEntrapmentOth

32、er dangers arising through the work being carried out PRINCIPLES OF CONTROL Developing a Safe systems of work Working in Confined Spaces Points to be checked include:Pre-planning (Risk Assessment and method planning)Emptying of vesselsIsolationCleaningVentilationTesting for and maintaining a safe at

33、mospherePersonal Protective EquipmentEstablishing a safe means of access and egressStandby arrangementsPermits-to-WorkEmergency arrangementsVideo Confined space entryMODEL QUESTIONMARKSIdentify TWO examples of confined spaces. 2 marksDescribe the main factors to consider when preparing a safe system

34、 of work for entry into a confined space. 6 marksPRINCIPLES OF CONTROL Developing a Safe systems of work Permit to WorkDefinition: A Permit to Work procedure is a formal written system used to control certain types of work which are potentially hazardousWork requiring permitsConfined space entryHot work/Cold work (open flame, static electricity, chemicals)ExcavationW