学年第一学期期末考试试卷

1、复旦大学医学院儿科学系20052006 学年第一学期期末试卷A 卷一、选择题（每题 1 分，共 40 分）A 型题B 卷1.What is the most important clinical feature of nephritic syndrome?A. ProteinuriaC. HypertenE. HypercholesteolemiaB. EdemaD. Hypoalbuminemia2.The range of serum natrium concentration in isonatremic dehydrationshould beA. 120140mmol/LC. 140

2、160mmol/LE. 130150mmol/LB. 130160mmol/LD. 140150mmol/L3. Which is main difference betA. poor skin resincyC. oliguria or anuriaE. peripheral circulatory failuren dehydration of severe degree and moderate degree?B. orbit pittingD. metabolic acidosis4. What time is better for weaning in breast feeding

3、baby?A. 4-5 months of ageC. 10-12 months of ageE. 18 months of ageB. 6-9 months of ageD. 13-15 months of age5. The ratio of Calcium and Phosphorus in breastmilk isA. 1:2C. 2:1E. 1.5:2B. 1.5:1D. 1.2:16.During fetal life, the earA. IgMC. IgGE. IgEst synthesized immunoglobin isB. IgDD. IgA7. Very low b

4、irthweight infant is the newborn whose birth weight is lessnA. 2500g C. 1500gE. 800gB. 2000gD. 1000g8. The major early manifesion of tuberculous meningitis in children isA. A tense anterior fontanealC. StuporE. Mood changesB. ConvulD. Cranial nerve palsies9. DTP (Diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis vacci

5、ne), Primary immunization should be takenA.B.C.D.E.Just one timeOnce a month, two times Once a month, three timesOnce aOnce ak, two timesk, three times10. Physiologic weight lower of a normal newborn will be recovered inA.13daysC. 57 days E.1014 daysB.35 daysD.710 days11. If a staphylococcal pA. hig

6、h feveronia patient suddenly breath difficultly, we should considerB. acidosist is because :C. ponia developedD. pyopothoraxE. heart failure12.be:A.B.C.D.E.rauterine life comprises two stages: embryonic and fetal, the fetal period is usually considered toof 6 thof 8 thof 10 thof 12 thof 12 thk of ge

7、sion to 40 thk of gesion to 40 thk of gesionk of gesionk of ges k of gesk of gesion to 40 th ion to 40 thion to 37 thk of ges k of gesk of gesion ionion13. A newborn baby, gesional age 268 days, birth weight 2.45kg,height47.5cm,head circumference 34cm,chest circumference 32cm, he isA.B.C.D.E.pre-ter

8、m, large fesional age babyesional age baby ional age babyional age babyional age babyfull-term, appropriate ffull-term, small f t-term,small ffull-term,large fes eses14. Which one of the following sement isnt the clinical finding of febrileconvulA.B.C.D.E.wifamily history of seizuresoften occur in n

9、eonatal periodassolessted wiraly rising temperaturen 10 to 15 minutessodetypical generalized seizures15. Physiologic hypogammaglobulinemia is commonly seen inA. Immediay after birthC. 10-12 months of ageE. 3 years of ageB. 3-4 months of ageD. 1-2 years of age16.Which one is the cyanostic type of con

10、genital heart diseaseA. ventricular septal defectB. atrial septal defectD. Patent ductus arteriosusC. tetralogy ollotE.pulmonary stenosis17.Which one of the following sement isnt teral regularity ofgrowth development in children?A.B.C.D.E.from the uppart to the lowartfrom the distal part to the prox

11、imal part from the gross motion to fine motion from lower level to higher levelfrom simple to complicated18. The range of serum natrium concertration in isonatremic dehydration should beA. 120-140 mmol/lC. 140-160 mmol/lE. 130-150 mmol/lB.130-160 mmol/lD. 140-150 mmol/l19. The major manifesions of a

12、cute glomerulonephritis areA.B.C.D.E.hyperten, hematuria, proteinuriaproteinuria, hypertenedema, hyperten, hematuriaoliguria, edema, hyperten, hematuriaoliguria, edema, hematuria, hypercholesteolemia20. PPDrespoundsa reliable diagnostic test for tuberculosis, an infected patientitivelyof infectionA.

13、 immediayC. within 2-4B. within 1-2D. within 4-10kkkE. after 10k21. 以下哪种情况与生长发育规律不符？A.生长发育是连续的过程B.各系统发育不平衡C.生长发育遵循由简单到复杂的规律D.神经系统发育先慢后快E.生长发育有差异22. 一般来说头围等于A.6 个月C.1 岁半E.2 岁半的是B.1 岁D.2 岁23. 婴儿 A.376KJ B.419KJ C.461KJD.502KJ需要量热能为 (90 Kcal)/kg (100Kcal)/kg (110Kcl)/kg(120Kcal)/kgE.543 (130Kcal)/kg24.

14、 轻度肥胖的标准为小儿体重超过同A.1019 B.2029 C.3039 D.4049 E.5059同身高正常儿均值的25. 在新生儿窒息复苏方案中，应首先采取哪一步骤？A.B.C.D.E.建立呼吸，增加通气尽量吸净呼吸道粘液，保持气道通畅给肾上腺素维持正常循环，保证足够心输出量以上都不是26. 下列哪一项与新生儿肺透明膜病的发病关系最不密切？A.B.C.D.E.肺表面活性物质缺乏早产儿足月儿小样儿母亲婴儿剖宫产27. 以下哪项不是新生儿败血症的临床表现？A.不吃、不哭、体温不升 B.黄疸C.气急 D.E.颅内28. 腺A.年长主要临床特点为见B.喘憋明显而肺部不明显C.常有高热而一般情况良好

15、D.咳嗽有粉红色E.夏季最多见痰29. 下列哪种情况符合小儿重症A.气胸 B.脓胸 C.肺脓疡？D.性脑病E.败血症30.A.B.室间隔缺损首先导致哪个心腔扩大房增大增大C.右心房增大D.增大E.都有可能31. 金黄色葡萄球菌肠炎典型大便为A.黄色水样 B.蛋花汤样C.粘液血便D.样E.暗绿色海水样32. 生理性贫血的主要原因是A.储铁不足B.肾功能不全C.红细胞生成素不足 D.铁摄入不足E.疾病影响33. 癫痫失神发作应首选下列哪种抗癫痫药物治疗？A.氯硝B.比妥C.苯妥英钠 D.卡马西平E.丙戊酸钠34. 典型苯尿症的发病机理为A.苯丙氨酸-4-羟化酶缺陷 B 四氢生物喋呤生成不足 C.酪

16、氨酸羟化酶受抑制 D.脑内 5-羟色胺不足E.二氢生物喋呤还原酶缺陷35. 下列哪项对鉴别小儿风湿热与类风湿病最有价值？A.发热 B.关节炎 C.心脏炎D.血沉增快E.X 线示关节面破坏36.A.，10 岁。人渐消瘦 2 月余，伴食量增加、多饮、多尿。查空腹血糖 10mmol/L。可为中枢性尿崩症肾性尿崩症甲亢以上都不是37. 肾炎性肾病与单纯性肾病的区别在于A.水肿更严重 B.高胆固醇血症C.有血尿或高血压 D.对激素不敏感E.低蛋白血症更明显38. 10 岁男孩，因患急性肾炎住院，血压 170/120mmHg，烦躁、头痛，并有一过性失明，尿量约 500ml，应 A.心力衰竭 B.高血压脑病

17、C.代谢性酸为：D.并发化脓性脑膜炎E.肾功能衰竭39. 小儿 A.大肠杆菌 B.变形杆菌C.克雷白菌最常见的病原菌是D.金黄色葡萄球菌E.真菌40. 惊厥持续状态是指A.惊厥持续时间超过 1 小时B.C.超过 1 小时，间期无清醒期间期无清醒期D.惊厥持续时间超过E.超过，间期无清醒期二问答题 （每题 15 分，共 60 分）1.2.3.4.试述新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病的病因和临床表现。简述小儿轻、中、重度脱水的临床表现及鉴别要点。试述小儿急性肾炎的临床表现和治疗原则。试述动脉导管未闭的血力学特点和临床表现。20052006 学年第学期儿科学试卷（B）（02 级临床医学专业五年制留学生班、法医班

18、）2006.11、（2、（3、（4、（5、（6、（7、（8、（9、（10、（11、（12、（13、（14、（15、（16、（17、（18、（19、（20、（二、A E E C C A C E C D D D C B B C B E DD）21、22、23、24、25、26、27、28、29、30、31、32、33、34、35、36、37、38、39、40、（D B C B B C E B D B E C E A E A C B AE）1.病因：母亲试述新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病的病因和临床表现。：妊娠相关疾病：妊高症、子痫全身性疾病：、心疾病、肾脏病（2 分）分娩：胎盘异常：胎盘早剥、前置胎盘、脐带

19、血流受阻：脐带绕颈、打结其他：各种手术产、急产、产程延长、头盆不称（2 分）：早产儿、过期产、小于胎龄儿、巨大胎畸形、羊水或胎粪吸入（2 分）临床表现：出生后 12-24 小时出现神经系统症状，根据意识、肌张力改变、原始反射异常、惊厥和脑干受损等表现，可分为轻、中、重度。（9 分）临床表现轻度中度重度意识肌张力改变拥抱反射激惹正常或升高正常或活跃抑制、嗜睡减弱减弱松软惊厥无半数有惊厥频繁惊厥2.简述小儿轻、中、重度脱水的临床表现及鉴别要点。轻、中、重度失水的临床表现：治疗原则口服补液适应症：失水不严重无或不重者、静脉补液条件有限者用法：纠正累积损失量（50、80100、100120ml/kg）、以及继续损失量（视丢失量而定）静脉补液v 适应症：病情重、腹泻剧、有明显失水和酸者v 补液原则：先快后慢、先浓后淡、见尿补钾v 需要明确的几个问题：补多少？补什么？怎么补