（14）Unit 3 Fit for life 高二英语牛津译林版 寒假作业（含答案）

1、（14）Unit 3 Fit for life一、阅读理解1. We are the products of evolution, and not just evolution that occurred billions of years ago. As scientists look deeper into our genes (基因), they are finding examples of human evolution in just the past few thousand years. People in Ethiopian highlands have adapted to

2、 living at high altitudes. Cattle-raising people in East Africa and northern Europe have gained a mutation(突变) that helps them digest milk as adults. On Thursday in an article published in Cell, a team of researchers reported a new kind of adaptationnot to air or to food, but to the ocean. A group o

3、f sea-dwelling people in Southeast Asia have evolved into better divers. The Bajau, as these people are known, number in the hundreds of thousands in Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines. They have traditionally lived on houseboats; in recent times, theyve also built houses on stilts (支柱) in coas

4、tal waters. They are simply a stranger to the land, said Rodney C. Jubilado, a University of Hawaii researcher who studies the Bajau. Dr. Jubilado first met the Bajau while growing up on Samal Island in the Philippines. They made a living as divers, spearfishing or harvesting shellfish. We were so a

5、mazed that they could stay underwater much longer than us local islanders, Dr. Jubilado said. I could see them actually walking under the sea. In 2015, Melissa Ilardo, then a graduate student in genetics at the University of Copenhagen, heard about the Bajau. She wondered if centuries of diving coul

6、d have led to the evolution of physical characteristics that made the task easier for them. It seemed like the perfect chance for natural selection to act on a population, said Dr. Ilardo. She also said there were likely a number of other genes that help the Bajau dive.1.What does the author want to

7、 tell us by the examples in Paragraph 1 ?A.Environmental adaptation of cattle raisers.B.New knowledge of human evolution.C.Recent findings of human origin.D.Significance of food selection.2.Where do the Bajau build their houses?A.In valleys.B.Near rivers.C.On the beach.D.Off the coast.3.Why was the

8、young Jubilado astonished at the Bajau?A.They could walk on stilts all day.B.They had a superb way of fishing.C.They could stay long underwater.D.They lived on both land and water.4.What can be a suitable title for the text?A.Bodies Remodeled for a Life at SeaB.Highlanders Survival SkillsC.Basic Met

9、hods of Genetic ResearchD.The Worlds Best Divers2. Tom Macdonald would describe himself as pretty relaxed unless he sees the doctor. Then, suddenly, his blood pressure(血压) rises. I was a truck driver, and I would be under pressure all day, dealing with traffic and long journeys to make sure we were

10、on time, said Tom. But I never got worried about work. Yet medical settings made me very nervous. This wasnt a problem until last year when Tom developed an umbilical hernia (疝气). His doctor toldhim although it was not serious, if left untreated, a hernia can cause bad results. However, Toms situati

11、on created problems. When I had my blood pressure taken in hospital, the doctor told me that I wouldnt be able to have the surgery because it was so high. Surgery for patients with high blood pressure can be risky. But when Toms blood pressure was taken later, the top number fell to below 140 high,

12、but not high enough to prevent surgery. Soon afterwards, my doctor told me that I suffered from white coat syndrome(综合征). He explained it was seeing a doctor or being in a hospital that caused my blood pressure to rise even if it is usually normal. The main difficulty with white coat syndrome is tha

13、t it only happens in a medical setting, which means you cant really treat it, says Professor Peter Sever. You cant send a patient away with medicine because once he gets home and takes it, his blood pressure is going to fall through the floor. The good news is that many people do gain control over t

14、he syndrome; knowledge can make a difference. For some people, if they know they have it, they do seem to be able to take some control over it and it can improve, says Professor Sever. Many hospitals now have methods of solving the problem of white coat syndrome. They include the Will Adams NHS Trea

15、tment Centre in Gillingham, Kent, where Tom finally had his hernia repaired earlier this year.1.What caused Tom to get worried?A.Traffic jams.B.Long journeys.C.Medical settings.D.Heavy work.2.What prevented Tom having the surgery at first?A.His white coat syndrome.B.His doubt about his doctor.C.The

16、seriousness of his hernia.D.The fall of his blood pressure.3.Whats the best way to deal with white coat syndrome?A.Taking some medicine.B.Avoiding going to hospitals.C.Getting treatment at home.D.Fully knowing the syndrome.4.What can we know about the result of Toms treatment?A.Its creative.B.Its sa

17、tisfying.C.Its unexpected.D.Its disappointing.3. We have a sweet teeth. That makes sense. All animals need sugar to live. Its the fuel that powers our cells. So its not surprising that were born to want the sweet stuff. Sugar stores energy like a battery. After a meal, your body breaks down foods. I

18、t uses some sugar for energy right away. The rest gets stored for the body to break down later. Its a myth that sugar makes you extremely excited, but having a sugary snack can give you a quick burst of energy. Thats because the sugar in sweet foods is easy for your body to turn into fuel. When you

19、eat other kinds of foods, like vegetables, it takes longer for your body to break the sugars down. These days its easy to find sweet snacks. Sodas, candies, cakes and even foods that seem healthy, such as yogurt, can be packed with sugar. Food makers add sugar, because they know that to humans, swee

20、t makes everything taste better. Americans eat about 20 teaspoons of extra sugar every day. Thats more than what is good for us. Eating too much sugar can cause more than a stomachache. It can make people overweight, decay the teeth and even cause diabetes. However, experts arent worried about natur

21、ally sweet foods the problem is added sugar. So go ahead and enjoy a sweet apple or even a sugar-rich carrot that is also full of vitamins and other good stuff. Even cake is great once in a while, as long as you dont overeat it. After all, no one wants life to be dull. And your body needs its fuel!1

22、.Why may people be tricked into eating too much sugar?A.Because no one wants life to be boring.B.Because were born to want the sweet stuff.C.Because so-called healthy food can be packed with sugar.D.Because sugar is the fuel for the plants and animals on the Earth.2.What does the author want to stre

23、ss in Para. 4?A.Wed better say no to sweet foods.B.Experts are worried about added sugar.C.Eating too much sugar is bad for our health.D.Wed better consume sugar from natural sources.3.What can be a suitable title for the text?A.Be Smart about SugarB.Sugar Brings HappinessC.Why Does Sugar Taste So G

24、ood?D.Why Does Sugar Make Us Fat?4. As early as 2005, there were a number of new stories about dog cloning and cat cloning. Animal cloning had been old news for nearly a decade by then, with the revolutionary(革命性的) cloning of Dolly the sheep in Scotland. However, Snuppy was the first pet, a dog, to

25、be cloned. Since the cloning of Snuppy, there has been some very successful cloning of pets and other animals. Lou Hawthorne started BioArts while cloning his beloved mixed-breed dog Missy. Hawthorne was very pleased with the results of the cloning, producing three successful clones that were very a

26、like to the original in character and behaviour. In January, 2009, a Florida couple, Ed and Nina Otto, announced that they had paid to have their dog cloned by BioArts. All new technology is overpriced. For example, personal computers were not very affordable at first. Only after the producing proce

27、ss was improved was it possible for every family to have a computer. How much room there will be for organizations to reduce the price point on pet cloning without broad demand is of course questionable. There are many great dogs and cats that can be found at the local pound(收容所) or are given away f

28、or free to good homes in classified ads(分类广告). However, there is no limit to the value people place on a beloved pet. The Ottos are a good example of that. If people can buy a dog or cat with predictable behaviour and characteristics, there is value in that. There is a predictable market here, thoug

29、h it may always be limited in size. While pet cloning has not taken off as some hoped, its clear that it will become a bigger market in the future and it will be increasingly possible for people to try this out. With the inevitable(不可避免的) success that cloned pet owners will have, the practice will b

30、ecome more widely accepted and it seems inevitable that there is a future for cloned dogs and cats.1.What is the main idea of this passage?A.The brief introduction of pet cloning.B.The behaviour of cloned animals.C.The cases of pet cloning.D.The history of pet cloning.2.What can be inferred from the

31、 passage?A.Pet cloning will be accepted by everyone.B.New technology of pet cloning will be invented.C.Human cloning may one day become a reality.D.The price of pet cloning may not be cheap.3.Which of the following has the closest meaning to the underlined word in the third paragraph?A.Cheap.B.Wonde

32、rful.C.Expensive.D.Various.4.What does the author think of the market of pet cloning?A.Negative.B.Unclear.C.Indifferent.D.Optimistic.二、七选五5. If you are fighting anxiety in your life, here are some tips on dealing with depression naturally. Try therapy._ There is no harm in asking for help and it is

33、never too late to do that. Professional help will always be better. The main reason is that an expert therapist is capable of dealing with the condition. Eat healthy foods. The best way to fight your stress hormones (荷尔蒙) is eating foods that are healthy to help boost your mood._ The right types of

34、foods can help you feel better and happier. Fix your sleeping schedules. Sleeping on time may not cure your depression at once, but its one brick in the wall._ If your routine does not allow you to have 8 hours of sleep every night, it means that your brain is not getting enough rest. Lack of sleep

35、leads to anxiety and stress that can contribute to your depression. Depression, in turn, causes insomnia(失眠). In short, it is a poisonous cycle that needs to be broken. _ Make a habit of going out every morning for 15 to 20 minutes._ You are able to get fresh air, which can distract you from your da

36、ily stress. Going out for a walk is a good workout for your body. The blood circulation improves and your organs and muscles get enough oxygen.A.Go out for a walk.B.There are a few benefits.C.This is a scientifically proven fact.D.Dress up and be sure to have fun outdoors.E.Your depression can start

37、 with lack of sleep.F.This isnt the only way to deal with anxiety.G.The first thing any person with depression should do is seek help.三、完形填空6. North Carolina mom Hannah Jarvis is thanking a kind stranger. The stranger saved her 7-month-old daughter, Calli, from 1 while her family was eating dinner a

38、t Golden Corral. According to Hannahs post, a quick-thinking woman named Debra acted fast when she saw Calli choking on a bite of potatoes. I immediately2 my daughter out of her high chair and started pounding (反复击打) on her3 , but I wasnt doing it right and so I started to4 , Hannah told POPSUGAR. M

39、y mother started to do the same: holding her upside down, hitting her back, but5 . At that time, we were all in a panic. Then, Debra6 and did the Heimlich manoeuvre properly. If anyone knows who Debra Rouse is, this lady is a7 ! If it werent for this lady, my daughter probably would have been wheele

40、d away in an ambulance today, Hannah wrote on the social media. My family and I cant thank you8 for helping. My daughter has been seen to the ER and is perfectly9 now. I will never forget the tears that were shed today at Golden Corral as this heroine 10 . Most importantly, thank you for hearing our

41、 11 cries for Calli this afternoon. Thanks to the power of social media, the post eventually 12 it onto Debras screen, and she left a sweet reply in the comments section. Good evening Mrs. Hannah, I saw the news article and I messaged you my number! Im 13 that Calli is doing well. Love you all and t

42、ake care. Hannah and Debra have been keeping speaking with each other regularly 14 then. Hannah said, We actually met up in Asheville the day after the incident. Im just so thankful for Debra being 15 to us that day!1.A.drowningB.chokingC.fallingD.hurting2.A.pushedB.droveC.noticedD.pulled3.A.backB.h

43、eadC.stomachD.shoulder4.A.whisperB.dreamC.laughD.panic5.A.in chargeB.in comfortC.in vainD.in disaster6.A.appearedB.spokeC.wokeD.agreed7.A.heroineB.doctorC.modelD.waitress8.A.muchB.enoughC.tooD.over9.A.adaptableB.outgoingC.confidentD.healthy10.A.stepped inB.looked onC.showed offD.got around11.A.prope

44、rB.gentleC.desperateD.thoughtful12.A.caughtB.gotC.deservedD.made13.A.delightedB.confusedC.surprisedD.nervous14.A.thoughB.sinceC.afterD.before15.A.introducedB.leftC.sentD.employed四、语法填空7. The skin is essential part of your body and is its largest organ. You have three layers of skin functions are ver

45、y complex: it warns you when things are too hot or cold and (give) you your sense of touch. You can get burnt by (variety) things. Giving first aid is the first and most important step in the treatment of burns. Burns (divide) into three types, depending the depth of skin damage. Different degrees o

46、f burns have different (characteristic). When giving first aid in the treatment of burns, you can remove clothing (use) scissors if necessary, unless the fabric is stuck to the burnt skin. Place bums under cool running water, (particular) within the first ten minutes. Cover the burnt area with a loo

47、se clean cloth. If burns are on the face, make sure the victim can still breathe. If the victim is suffering from second or third-degree burns, it is urgent (take) him/her to the hospital at once.五、写作8.如今近视在青少年中已成为越来越普遍的现象。请结合下面的要点提示,写一篇英语短文,分析这种现象出现的原因,并提出自己的建议。近视的原因用眼习惯不健康电视、电脑对视力的影响建议养成良好的用眼习惯远离电

48、子屏幕,避免用眼过度注意: 1.词数80左右; 2.文章的开头已给出,但不计入总词数。Nowadays a number of students are wearing glasses. _9.阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Lungs nearly burst. I struggled to lift my head out of the water. Inch by inch, my tired body reached the end of the pool. The extent of my swimming career was purel

49、y recreational, while the competitive swimmers nearby thought nothing of the seemingly simple task of a 500-meter swim test. Pushing myself to finish what I had started, I could only think: why not take the easy way out? Earlier that week, I had turned in my first job application at a local pool. Ov

50、erqualified, I was hired on the spot. However, the tasks were boring: helping confused visitors and measuring the height of children before they went down the slide (滑梯). I was capable of more. So a swim test was required, establishing the mere fact that I was not completely useless in a pool. Midwa

51、y, the manager administering the test remarked, This looks really easy for you. Why arent you applying to become a guard? The thought didnt cross my mind. Well, lifeguarding demands more responsibility, strength and respect. Thus the position pays $2 more per hour. Your swimming skills are strong en

52、ough. All you need to do is complete the certification. Inside I was unsure of myself, but his words inspired meYou never know what you are capable of until you force yourself to do it. Soon I passed the swim test. All left was to practice and learn first aid, CPR (心肺复苏), and procedures for differen

53、t land-based and water-based emergencies. Work started soon. A well-intentioned yet anxious feeling in me soon passed. Days, weeks, and months went by without incident; emergencies were rare. The skills and training I had so carefully studied and acquired seemed unnecessary. Today appeared to be ano

54、ther uneventful day. However, shortly after the other guards signaled to the children to exit the pool, I noticed one boy was still in the middle while the others had climbed up.注意:续写词数应为150左右。Paragraph 1 :Something must have gone wrong with him, I thought to myself. _Paragraph 2 :Having the boy on

55、the floor, I put my ear to his mouth and my fingers at his neck. _答案以及解析1.答案：1-4.BDCA解析：1.推理判断题。根据第一段中的We are the products of evolution, and not just evolution that occurred billions of years ago. As scientists look deeper into our genes, they are finding examples of human evolution in just the past

56、 few thousand years.可知,作者列举第一段的例子是为了告诉我们关于人类进化的一个新信息,那就是人类在最近几千年也在进化。B项符合以上说法,故选B项。2.细节理解题。根据第二段中的The巴瑶族,as these people are known, number in the hundreds of thousands in Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines. They have traditionally lived on houseboats; in recent times, theyve also built houses o

57、n stilts in coastal waters.可知,巴瑶族人把房子建在沿海区域。D项符合以上说法,故选D项。3.细节理解题。根据第三段中的We were so amazed that they could stay underwater much longer than us local islanders可知,让Jubilado感到吃惊的是巴瑶族人能在水下待更长的时间。C项符合以上说法,故选C项。4.标题判断题。根据文章的主要内容,尤其是第二段中的On Thursday in an article published in Cell, a team of researchers re

58、ported a new kind of adaptationnot to air or to food, but to the ocean.可知,本文主要讲述巴瑶族人为了更好地适应海上的生活,身体结构发生了变化,所以A项适合作本文标题,故选A项。2.答案：1-4.CADB解析：1.考查细节理解。根据第二段中的But I never got worried about work. Yet medical settings made me very nervous可知,让Tom感到焦虑的是医疗环境。故选C。2.考查推理判断。根据第三段中的Toms situation created proble

59、ms. I wouldnt be able to have the surgery because it was so high.可知,Tom不能手术是因为他的血压太高。再结合第四段中的Soon afterwards, my doctor told me that I suffered from white coat syndrome(综合征). He explained it was seeing a doctor or being in a hospital that caused my blood pressure to rise even if it is usually normal

60、.可知,Tom的血压高是因为他有白大褂综合征,由此可推断出,造成他不能手术的原因是白大褂综合征。故选A。3.考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的The good news is that many people do gain control over the syndrome; knowledge can make a difference. For some people, if they know they have it, they do seem to be able to take some control over it and it can improve, says Profes