北师大版高考第一轮复习unit11the media

1、Unit 11 The Media基础知识提要核心单词 核心单词 根据提示写出英语单词或汉语意。1. _ n. 传媒 2. _ adj. 当前的 3. _ n. 贫穷 4._ n. 管理 5. _ n. 改革 6. _ vt. 出版 7. _ n. 证据 8. _adj. 合法的 9. _ v 保卫 10. _ adj. 清白的 11. _ n. 勇敢 12. _ n. 虚构的事 13. _ adj. 泥泞的 14. _ n. 无轨电车15. _ adj. 忠诚地 media current poverty administration reform publish evidence lega

2、l defend innocent bravery fiction trolleybus muddy faithfully16. unemployment _17. interrupt _ 18. blame _19. agenda _20. committee _21. delighted _22.willing _23. process _24. brand _25. budget _26. visually _27. boom _28. concept _29. approach _30. contemporary _失业打断 责怪 议程 委员会 高兴的 乐意的 过程 牌子 预算 视觉地

3、 迅速增长 概念 方法 当代 词类转换 argue (vt.) _ (n.) 争论；争吵 类似：encourage _ (n.) 鼓励brave (adj.) _ (n.) 勇敢 类似：slip _ (n.) 滑的；光滑distinct (v.) _ (n.) 区别；差别 类似：administrate_ (n.) 管理；行政defend (vt.) _ (n.) 防御；保卫 类似：refer _ (n.) 参考资料believe (n.)_ (adj.) 可信的 类似：admire _ (adj. )令人钦佩的按要求写出下列单词的适当形式。 argument encouragement br

4、avery slippery distinction administration defence reference believable admirable 6. harm (vt.)_ (adj.) 有害的 类似：pain_ (adj.) 痛苦的7. politics (n.) _ (adj.)政治上的 类似：physics _ (adj.)体力上的8.explain (v.) _ (n.) 解释；说明 类似：apply _ (n.) 申请（书）9.humour(n.)_ (n.) 幽默的 类似：poison _ (n.) 有毒的10. poor( adj.) _ (n.) 贫穷 类似：

5、safe _ (n.) 安全harmful painful political physicalexplanation application humorous poisonous poverty safety 1. _ 代表 2. _ 对作出反应3._ 由组成4._ 被纪念为5._ 详细地 6._ 有区别；特征7._ 对负责 8._ 支持；喜爱9._ 反对10._ 拒绝 11._ 出现12._ 公共地 13._ 显眼 14._ 可能重要词组 stand for react to be made up ofbe remembered as in detail have the distinct

6、ion ofbe responsible for be in favor of be against turn away turn up in public stand out be likely to 15._ for the purpose of 16._ hold the attention of 17._ make contributions to 18._ participate in 19._ consist of20._ get stuck in 21._ according to22._ jump out of23._ comment on24._ in a way of25.

7、_ as long as 为了 引起的注意 做贡献参与；参加包括陷入 根据脱离 评论 在某重意义上只要；有远 二、重要考点突破1. demand vt. 要求 n. 要求的事物，需求，需要用法:后跟名词、代词、不定式或从句等This sort of work demands great patient. 这种工作需要有很大的力气。I demand to know the truth.我要求了解真情。The boss demanded that Mary (should) finish it within a week.老板要求玛丽在一周内完成它。注意：后跟宾语从句时，从句后谓语动词要用shou

8、ld加动词原形，其中should可以省略；demand作名词时表示“要求，要求的事物”时通常为可数名词。表示“需要”时为不可数名词，有时可加不定冠词。核心单词搭配：用适当的词填空。(1)demand sth. _sb 向某人要某物(2)demand_ sb to do sth. 要求某人做某事(3)demand that sb._ sth. 要求某人of/from of (should) do拓展:根据含义补全相关短语。(1)_ (great) demand 非常需要的(2)make demands _ sb.有求于某人(3)_demand 一经要求，在要求时(4)_ ones demands

9、 满足某人的要求(5)their demands _living houses他们对经济适用房的需求in on on satisfy/meetfor运用：用demand翻译下列句子：（1）他要求被告知一切事情_（3）他要求我关上大门。_（4）我要求你放学前打扫完教室。_He demanded to be told everything.He demand of me to shut the door.I demand that you (should) finish cleaning the class before school.2. poverty n. 穷困潦倒例句：Poverty pr

10、evented him from going to college. 他因贫穷而没有上大学。拓展:将划线部分翻译成英语（1）形容词：_贫穷的（2）反义词：_富有（3）复合词：_ 贫困的，赤贫的搭配： （1）live in poverty 生活贫困（2）the poverty line 贫困线（3）poverty of 缺乏poor wealth poverty-stricken 运用：用poverty翻译下列句子。(1)他们生活在贫困线以下。_(2)他后期创作的故事由于缺乏想象力，不是很有趣。His later stories are not interesting_(3)这人失业后就生活在贫

11、困之中。_ after his unemployment. They live below the poverty line.Because of poverty of imaginationThe man lived in poverty3. nation n. 民族；国家In 1790 the new nation had fewer than four million people. 1790年时这个新成立的国家的人口不到四百万。拓展：写出适当的单词。(1)_ adj. 国家的，民族的(2)_ n. 国籍，民族辨析：nation, state & country(国家)nation侧重指

12、人民，即国民，民族。state侧重指国家政权。country侧重指疆土，普通用语。national nationalityThe President spoke on radio to the nation. 总统向全体国民发表广播讲话。Should industry be controlled by the state? 工业应该由国家控制吗？The news was spread all over the country. 这消息传遍全国。运用：用nation, state或country填空。(1)The Chinese _ is a hard-working people.(2)In

13、China, the railways are owned by the _.(3)The whole _ is against the war.(4)She didnt know what life in a foreign _ would be like.nation state nation country 4. incident n. 事情，小事件，事变Were there any exciting incidents during your journey?你们在旅途中有没有什么令人激动的事情？辨析：incident, event & accident(事件)incident侧重指小

14、事；还有事件，事变的意思。accident侧重指意外事件和事故。event侧重指具有重要意义的大事件，体育运动中的比赛项目。运用：用incident, event或accident填空。(1)It was quite an _ when a woman first became prime minister.(2)Though it was an _. It impressed me deeply.(3)John was killed in a car _.(4)We are looking forward to watching the sports _ to be held in the

15、city.event incident accident events5. blame vt. 责备，归咎于搭配：用适当的介词填空。(1)blame sb. _ (doing) sth.为某事责备某人(2)blame sth. _sb. 把某事归咎于某人(3)be to blame (_ sth.)应(为某事)承担责任/受责备注意：be to blame中的blame不能用被动语态。Many children are afraid of being blamed for making mistakes in speaking English.许多孩子害怕讲英语时犯错误而受责备。Dont alw

16、ays blame your own failure on others. Sometimes you yourself are to blame.不要总把失败归咎于他人，有时该怪你自己。for for on 运用：翻译下列句子。(1)他把自己的失败归咎于他的老师。_(2) 把我们的失败归罪在他头上是没用的。_(3)那次事故怪不着孩子们。_He blamed his teachers for his failure/He blamed his failure on his teacher. Its no use blaming our defeat on him. The children w

17、ere not to blame for the accident.拓展: blame作名词的用法。(1)accept/ bear/take the blame for sth.对某事负责任。We were ready to take the blame for what had happened. 我们愿对所发生的事负责。(2)put/lay the blame for sth. on sb. 将某事归咎于某人。He is trying to lay the blame on me. 他企图把责任推给我。6. approach n.方法，接近 v.走进，接近，处理（问题，任务等）She th

18、ought of a new approach to solve the problem.她想出了一个新方法来解决问题。As I approached the house, I noticed a light on upstairs.当我走进家时，我注意到楼上的灯还亮着。运用：翻译下列句子(1)我们知道如何正确地处理这个问题。_(2)他被警告敌人快到了。_We know how to approach the problem correctly. He was warned of the approach of the enemy.7. contribution n. 贡献搭配：make co

19、ntributions to 对有贡献He won the 2005 Nobel Prize in physics for their contributions to the development of spectroscope.他因为对光谱学的发展作出了贡献而获得了2005年的诺贝尔奖。拓展:contribute vt. & vi. 贡献，捐，提供；有助于，是的原因(to)Everyone contributed food to the picnic.人人都为野餐提供了食物。Plenty of fresh air contributes to good health.充足的新鲜空气有利于

20、健康。运用：用contribution或contribute翻译下列句子。(1)他对太空发展计划有很大贡献。_ the space development program.(2)他捐出他所有的钱为本地贫穷的孩子建立一所小学。_ a primary school for poor children in this area.He has made great contributions to He has contributed all his money to building 8. certain adj. 确定的，一定用法:certain作表语时意为“确定无疑的”，作定语时意为“某个，某些

21、，某种”。可用于be certain of, be certain to do或It is certain that句型。Im certain (that) she saw me.我肯定她看见我了。He is certain to succeed.=It is certain that he will succeed.他肯定会成功。A certain Mr Brown telephoned while you were out.你出去的时候，有个叫布朗的先生来过电话. 辨析：certain & sure(1)certain以客观事实为依据；sure强调主观确信，是一般用语。(2)作定语时意思不

22、同：certain某(个，些)；sure可信的，可靠的。(3)可说It is certain that但不说It is sure that。(4)基本相同的用法：make sure of/that查明，确保，弄清楚be certain/sure to do表示说话人(the speaker/writer)确信主语会be certain/certain of表示主语本人确信He is sure/certain to come. (说话人认为)他一定会来。Are you sure /certain of your facts?你能肯定你的资料属实吗?运用：用certain或sure填空。(1)He

23、 was too _ of her coming.(2)It is _ that your team will win.(3)The project is _ to be a success.(4)She has always been a _ friend.(5)For _reasons I will be unable to attend the meeting.certain / sure certain certain/sure sure certain 9. concern vt. 涉及，关系到；关心，关注；使担忧 n.有关的事(可数)；忧虑，关心(不可数)That doesnt c

24、oncern me.那与我无关。The boys poor health concerned his parents.那男孩健康状况不佳,使他的父母亲忧虑。She has great concern for others.她很关心别人。拓展：concerned adj. 有关的，担心的，忧虑的搭配：(1)concern oneself with/ in/ about sth. 忙于/关心/担心某事(2)be concerned with/ in sth. 与有关，涉及，关心(3)be concerned about/ for sth. 对感到担忧(4)so/ as far as . be co

25、ncerned就而言运用：根据汉语意思，完成下列英文句子。(1)这消息与你兄弟有关。The news _.(2)这个男孩在学校很差的表现使他父母很担心。The boys poor performance at school_. (3)你不用管这事，我们正在处理它。Theres no need to concern _this matter; were dealing with it. concerns your brother concerns his parents yourself with (4)据报道，那个流行歌手涉嫌贩毒。It is reported that the pop sin

26、ger is_. (5)忧心忡忡的家长们都为孩子们的安全担忧。The concerned parents _. (6)就我而言，你可以做你喜欢的事情。_, you can do what you like. concerned with selling drugs were all concerned for the childrens safety As far as Im concerned10. escape vi. & n.逃脱，逃走 vt. 避免用法：表示get free, get away (from imprison or control)时，常与from搭配；表示“避免或躲避(

27、不愉快的事)”时，常接名词或动名词。作抽象意义的逃跑解释时是不可数名词，作具体一次逃跑解释时是可数名词。The soldiers escaped from the enemys prison.战士们从敌人的监狱里逃了出来。None of the criminals escaped punishment/ being punished.罪犯一个也没有逃脱惩罚。They had little hope of escape.他们几乎没有逃跑的希望了。There have been several escapes from this prison. 发生过几次越狱事件。运用：完成下列句子。(1)狐狸以

28、失去了一条腿代价，逃出了陷阱。The fox the _ trap at the cost of a leg. (2)没有什么办法能逃脱做这项工作。There is no way to _the work. escape doing escaped from11. announce vt. 宣布，宣告He announced to us that the danger was past.他向我们宣布危险已经过去。搭配：(表示向某人宣布时，sb.前一定要用to)announce sth. to sb. 向某人通报/ 宣布某事announce to sb. that向某人通报/ 宣布某事拓展：an

29、nouncement n. 宣布，宣告，通告运用：完成下列句子。(1)我要向世人宣告我的目标(goal)。I will announce_. (2)我有件重要事情要宣布。Ive got an important_.my goal to the world announcement to make12. likely adj. 可能的，有希望的 adv. 很可能用法：可作定语或表语，作表语时，likely常与动词不定式或that从句连用，主语可以是人、事物或it。作副词时常与very, most连用。What is the most likely result? 最有可能的结果是什么？They

30、are likely to be free tomorrow.It is likely that they will be free tomorrow.他们明天可能有空。He will most likely come right away. 他大概马上就会来。运用：完成下列句子。他很可能不同意。(两种译法)It is likely that he will not agree. =He is likely not to agree.13. apply vt. 应用，申请拓展：application n.应用，申请(不可数)，申请书(可数)搭配：apply A to B 将A应用到B appl

31、y to 适用于 apply to sb. for sth. 向某人申请某物made an application to sb. for sth. 向某人申请某物运用：完成下列句子。(1)我们应当把理论运用到实践中去。We should_.apply theory to practice (2)安全驾驶之规则适用于每个人。The rules of safe driving_.(3)我会向经理申请这份工作。I will apply _. (4)我们曾请求法院调查。We made an application _ the court _ an inquiry apply to everyone t

32、o the manager for the job to for14. suggest vt. 暗示，表明；建议用法：后接名词、动名词或that引导的宾语从句。suggest表示“建议”时，that从句的谓语用“(should +) 动词原形”；表示“暗示，表明”时，that从句的谓语用正常的时态，这时主句的主语通常不是表示人的词。运用：用所给动词的适当形式填空，并说明理由。(1)I suggested _ (go) for a walk. (2)I suggested to him that we _ (deal) with the problem another way. (3)His s

33、ilence suggested that he _ (not agree) to the proposal. going (should) deal didnt agree 15. aim n. 目的，意图；目标 v. 意欲，瞄准搭配：achieve/ realize ones aim 达到目的，实现目标 miss ones aim 打不中目标，达不到目的 aim at 瞄准，针对，向某方向努力 aim to do sth. 旨在干某事My aim is to e a policeman.我的目标是当一名警察。He aims to be a successful writer.他立志成为一个

34、成功的作家。We aim at quality rather than quantity. 我们力求质量而不是数量。运用：完成下列句子。(1)他已达到目的了。_(2)我们的目标是将生产增加一倍。We _ doubling our production.(3)我兄弟立志当小说家。_He has achieved the aim. aim at My brother aims to be a novelist. 16. comment v. 评论，发表意见n. 评论，意见，解释注意：comment 后接介词on或upon，表示对后面的所提到的人或事物作出评论，发表意见；若后接介词from，则表示听

35、取别人的意见。The king refused to comment on the election results. 国王拒绝评论选举的结果。Youd better have comments from your teachers and classmates. 你最好听听你的老师和同学的意见。运用：完成下列句子。(至少两种方法)他对我们的计划没有发表任何意见。_He made no comments on our plan.=He didnt comment on our plan.1. in favor of 赞成，支持Im in favor of the suggestion.我赞同这

36、个建议。拓展:be all in favor of 完全赞同in sbs / sths favor 占优势come down in favor of 最终决定支持find / rule in favor of sb. 宣判 /判决某人胜诉运用：用翻译下列句子。(1)我完全支持人们出去好好玩一下，只要他们不打扰其他人。 _and enjoying themselves so long as they dont disturb other people.(2)资历较深的部长们发言支持这项议案。 Senior ministers spoke _重要词组Im all in favor of peopl

37、e going out in favor of the bill. 2. turn over 交给，反复考虑，翻转The FBI caught Paul and turned him over to CIA. 联邦调查局拘捕了保罗并把他移交给中央情报局。运用：根据中文，完成下列句子。(1)你离开时，这项工程就交给Mary负责。When you leave, the project _ to Mary.(2)我把钥匙交给了史密斯先生。I _ the keys _ Mr. Smith.(3)昨天他愤怒地掀翻了桌子。He _ in anger yesterday.(4)他在脑子里把这个新想法仔细考虑

38、了一下。He _ in his mind. will be turned over turned over to turned over the table turned over the new idea联想：完成句子或将句子译成中文。(1)They turned a deaf ear to the peoples sufferings._(2)They turned a blind eye to our demands._(3)他结果成了叛徒。He _ a traitor.(4)他查阅了字典并找出了解释。He _ the dictionary and found the explanati

39、on.(5)他已经拒绝了我提出的帮助。He _ my offer to help.他们对于人民的疾苦视而不见。 他们对于我们的要求置之不理。 turned out to be turned up has turned down 3. consist of 由组成；构成(be made up of)The class consists of 30 boys and 37 girls.这个班由30个男生和37个女生组成。辨析：consist of & be made up ofconsist of表示各部分组合成一个整体后，各部分依然保持独立。be made up of也意为“由组成”，但它强调组

40、成后的各部分已融为一体。联想：consist in 在于；决定于运用：句型转换，但意义不变。(1)I enjoy myself in this class which is made up of 40 girls.I enjoy myself in this class _ 40 girls.(2)This software consists of all kinds of technological crystal.This software _all kinds of technological crystal. consisting of is made up of4. stand ou

41、t 突出，引人注目，脱颖而出，坚持They stood out till victory.他们坚持到胜利。 She stands out in the crowd, for she is two meters in height.她在人群中显得很突出,因为她身高两米。Our daughter is a great dancer; she stands out above the rest.我们的女儿是一个不错的舞者，她从许多舞者中脱颖而出。 运用：根据汉语提示完成英文句子。1. 她的工作成绩远比其他人都好。_ from the rest as easily the best. 2. 他身材高大

42、使他在人群中很突出。_ in the crowd. 3. 当局答应给护士加5%工资, 但她们坚持要得到7%的增幅。The nurses have been offered an extra 5%, but theyre _ a 7% pay rise. 4. 我们竭力顶住(坚持反对)了要关闭公司的一切作法。We managed to _all attempts to close the company down. Her work stands out His height makes him stand out standing out for stand out against5. com

43、e down to可归结为，沦落为，流传下来用法：to是介词，后接名词、代词或动名词。He has come down to begging. 他沦落为乞丐。Our choices come down to going or staying我们的选择可以归结为：去还是留。The custom has come down to us from the past.这种风俗是从前传下来给我们的。6. turn away 转过脸去；不准入内，拒绝用法：一般后面与介词from搭配。She turned away in horror at the sight of so much blood. 看到这么多

44、的血, 她害怕地将脸扭向了一边。Hundreds of people had to be turned away from the stadium. 数以百计的人被体育场拒之门外。7. participate in 参加，参与(take part in/join in)I dont want to participate in the English party.我不想参加英语晚会。The Student Union called on all students to participate in the activity. 学生会号召所有的学生都要参加这个活动。1. Modern adver

45、tisement must stand out in a world full of competition by combining the highest standards of design with ideas linked to the products to make them more attractive. 现代广告必须把高水平的设计和产品理念相结合， 以增强吸引力， 这样才能在激烈的竞争中胜出。 结构分析:本句是一个结构复杂的较长的简单句。full of competition是形容词短语作后置定语，修饰a world，意为“一个充满竞争的世界”；by ducts(通过将与

46、相结合)是介词短语作方式状语；在这个方式状语中linked to the products是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰ideas；to make them more attractive是不定式短语目的状语。高级句型学以致用：用形容词短语或过去分词短语作定语翻译下列名词短语。 (1)充满信心的/想像力的学生 _(2)两个有必然联系的事件_(3)与进化论相关的知识_ the theory of evolutionstudents full of confidence/imaginationtwo events linked with each other the knowledge assoc

47、iated with (related to) 2. However, not all advertising is about selling products and service for a profit. 然而并非所有的广告是用来推销产品或纯粹为了利润。结构分析:本句是个简单句。not all.意为“并非所有的都”，也时有用allnot来表达，意思相同，注意其含义都是部分否定；both, every等都有类似的用法；其完全否定用none, no one, no, neither等来表达。Not all of them know the answer. = All of them do

48、nt know the answer.= Some of them know the answer，and the others dont know the answer. 并不是他们所有的人都知道答案。比较：None of them know the answer.他们都不知道答案。Not both sentences are wrong. = Both sentences are not wrong.= One of the two sentences is wrong and the other is correct.并非两个句子都错了。比较：Neither sentence is ri

49、ght.两个句子都不对。学以致用：试把下列句子译成汉语。(1) All birds have wings, but not all birds can fly._(2)Every student can not pass the exam._(3)Neither of the windows is /are open._所有的鸟都有翅膀，但并不是所有的鸟都会飞。并不是所有的学生都可以通过这次测试。 两扇窗户都没开。 3. According to the research published by Leeds University yesterday, people dont mind bad

50、 language on television as long as it is not used in programmes watched by children. 根据利兹大学的一项研究报告称，电视中的不良语言，只要不用于儿童节目，人们并不介意。结构分析: 本句是一个复合句，as long as(只要)引导一个条件状语从句。其中According to作状语；published by是过去分词短语作定语，修饰the research；watched by也是过去分词短语作定语，修饰programmes。学以致用：用as long as翻译下列句子。只要我们能在一起， 无论在哪儿我都能交到

51、新朋友。_Ill make new friends wherever we are as long as were together.一、单词拼写 根据句子意思，用本单元单词的适当形式填空。1. He must be the winning of the people to his (政治上的)_ belief.2. Disease often goes with p_ . 3. The paper published an extra to _the end of the war.4. He served as _（合法的）member of the governor-generals co

52、uncil in India. 5. Anything you say may be taken down and used as e_ against you.单元基础过关 political poverty announce legal evidence 6. If you want to sell your product you must a_ it.7. Diagrams and graphs are indispensable _(视觉的) aids in many aspects of economics.8. In his life he gave an example of

53、_（勇敢）and wisdom.9. After a long _, we decided where to go for our holiday.10.Every one liked the young man for his frankness and good h_.advertise visual bravery argument humour 二、词形辨别 选择适当的词填空并翻译成汉语。1. He sticks stubbornly to his _ of education reform.(A. goal B. aim )2. The climate here is good, _

54、 in winter( A. specially B. especially )3. The house was _ destroyed by the fire( A. all together B. altogether )4. That picture is _ too high on the wall(A. lay B. put C. placed )5. It would be a _thing to spend money on something you cant afford.( A. silly B. dull C. stupid )6. The school principa

55、l _ a prize in history to the best student.( A. award B. reward )A B B C A A 三、词类转换 用所给词的适当形式填空。1. But the experts say only two of these stories are _ (believe). 2. I bumped against a desk and felt very _(pain) in my leg.3. The governments _(announce) is seen as a move towards settling the strike.4.

56、 Indeed he has a solemn face, but he is very _ (humor) at heart.5. If I walk in with _(mud) boots, Dad always scolds (me).believable painful announcement humorous muddy 6. The enemy had to fall back on the second line of _(defend).7. It is clear that the effects of these _ (environment) pollutants a

57、re very real.8. A thorough _ (analyze) would consider both the demand and supply side approaches.9. After a long _(argue), we decided where to go for our holiday.10. These writings burst upon the London literary scene with an _ (explode) vitality.defense environmental analysis argument explosive off

58、, to, over, up, down, out, into, from1. You must cling to the rope to keep _ falling.2. It turned _ that she was a friend of my sister.3. They always turn _ me when they are in trouble.4. All the buildings have been turned _ hospitals.5. The signal pistol went _ with a bang.6. The engine turned _ bu

59、t wouldnt start.7. Dont worry about the letter - Im sure it will turn_.8. He has been turned _ for ten jobs so far.四、词组填空 根据题意，选择用所给的介词或副词填空。每次只用一次。from out to into off over up down 五、语法填空 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。(1)However, even this is often not enough to 1_ (notice)

60、 in a modern city, Because of the advertising boom, people are used to 2_ high standards of 3_ (vision) design. Modern advertisements must stand 4_ in a world full of competition5_ combining the highest standards of design with ideas 6_ (link) to the products to make them more attractive. For exampl