神经系统细胞的结构和功能

1、会计学1神经系统细胞的结构和功能神经系统细胞的结构和功能Dendritic spinesThe axon and axon collateralsThe phospholipid bilayerClassification of neurons based on the number of neuritesClassification of neurons based on dendritic tree structure星形胶质细胞 astrocyte少突胶质细胞An oligodendroglial cellAn early depiction of a nerve cellThe sod

2、ium-potassium pumpStructure of the voltage-gated sodium channelThe movement of ions influenced by an elecetrical fieldElectrical current flow acrossElectrical current flow across a membraneThe dependence of membrane potential on external potassium concentration 动作电位：刺激达到一定强度，神经元膜电位动作电位：刺激达到一定强度，神经元膜

3、电位产生非常短暂的逆转，导致信息沿轴突的传递产生非常短暂的逆转，导致信息沿轴突的传递，该过程叫做动作电位。，该过程叫做动作电位。An action potentialBRAIN FOODBRAIN FOODSynaptic arrangements in the CNSThe axon terminal and the synapseThe parts of a chemical synapseChemical synapses,as seen with the electron microscopeVarious sizes of CNS synapses突触后电位：神经递质激活突触后受体而

4、产生的突触后电位：神经递质激活突触后受体而产生的短暂的去极化或超极化过程。短暂的去极化或超极化过程。突触后电位的性质由受体的性质决定。突触后电位的性质由受体的性质决定。The generation of an EPSPThe generation of an IPSP神经整合神经整合“receptors eye” view of neurotransmitter releaseSimilarities in the structure of subunits for different transmitter-gatedion channelsThe components of a second messenger cascadeSignal amplification by G-protein-coupled second messenger cascadesadenylyl cyclase：腺苷酸环化酶 cAMP：环腺苷酸 Kinase:激酶美国耶鲁大学医学院霍华德-赖斯穆森教授说：“钙能够把得于细胞表面的信号传递给细胞内各过程，从而在动物的细胞里起着一种