高考词汇的备考过程和方法

1、高考词汇的备考过程和方法 词汇的重要性、艰巨性和长期性词汇的重要性、艰巨性和长期性 2015年英语考试大纲对词汇的说明年英语考试大纲对词汇的说明高考词汇的备考过程和方法高考词汇的备考过程和方法试卷中渗透词汇学习和运用试卷中渗透词汇学习和运用 一、词汇的重要性、艰巨性和长期一、词汇的重要性、艰巨性和长期性性 1. 学生的词汇经验不牢固，记不住，容易学生的词汇经验不牢固，记不住，容易遗忘，遗忘， 并且活用能力不足。并且活用能力不足。 2. 缺乏对于词义的准确理解和把握缺乏对于词义的准确理解和把握.。 3. 教师要想方设法帮助学生树立信心，不教师要想方设法帮助学生树立信心，不畏艰畏艰 难，下决心突破

2、单词关。难，下决心突破单词关。避免避免事倍功事倍功半。半。启示 明知效率有问题，为什么不改变呢？明知效率有问题，为什么不改变呢？二二 、2015年英语考试大纲对词汇的说明年英语考试大纲对词汇的说明 1. 语言知识：要求考生掌握并能运用英语语音、词汇、语法基础知识语言知识：要求考生掌握并能运用英语语音、词汇、语法基础知识以及所学功能意念和话题，要求词汇量为以及所学功能意念和话题，要求词汇量为3500左右。左右。 2. 语言运用语言运用 阅读方面：要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性阅读方面：要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等，并能从中获取相关信息。话题的

3、简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等，并能从中获取相关信息。考生应能：考生应能： （1）理解主旨要义）理解主旨要义 （2）理解文中具体信息）理解文中具体信息 （3）根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义）根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义 （4）做出判断和推理）做出判断和推理 （5）理解文章的基本结构）理解文章的基本结构 （6）理解作者的意图、观点和态度）理解作者的意图、观点和态度 写作方面：考生应能清楚连贯地传递信息，表达意思；有效运用所写作方面：考生应能清楚连贯地传递信息，表达意思；有效运用所学语言知识。学语言知识。启示和建议1. 整体平稳，局部微调。2. 考试体现了适当的难度和必要的区分度。3. 抓基础确

4、保容易题的得分率。4. 词汇量的问题。1. 整体平稳，局部微调。 整体平稳的原因在于考试大纲的后面还有一个教学大纲， 为了稳定高中教学， 作为高中教学指挥棒的高考不宜频繁变动，微调符合高中英语教学规律和与时俱进的精神2.考试体现了适当的难度和必要的区分度 试题的难易比例： 容易题，中等题（80%）和难题（20%）， 中等题为主3. 抓基础确保容易题的得分率。 词汇复习要突出基础，高考能不能考出理想成绩，关键是基础题做得怎么样，因此高考前的复习，反对好高骛远，提倡脚踏实地，基本知识，基本技能，基本常识，是复习中特别注意的问题。 考前复习应该回归书本，回归基本题。4. 词汇量的问题。 词汇量的变化

5、，历来是高考英语改革的焦点，2015年考试大纲依据教学要求词汇是3500左右，和去年持平，既然词汇量不变，则对词汇运用质量会提高，学习词汇不能停留在光背的阶段，应该在句子中，语篇中，典型的语境中记忆单词的搭配，记“一词多义”、“旧词新义”、“浅词深义” 。把课本和词汇，词汇和试卷结合起来，避免单词的独立教学，体现灵活运用。2015年考试大纲对语言运用方面词数要求：阅读理解不少于900词7选5填空约300词完形填空约为250词语法填空200词左右的语言材料。短文改错约100个单词写作100个单词左右 1.基础词汇和必修词汇的复习基础词汇和必修词汇的复习 通过对普通高中英语课程标准和2015年英语

6、考试大纲对高中词汇要求的解读，我最关心两点： 第一：就是3500这个量， 第二就是考生对高中词汇的准确运用，即对单词掌握的深度和广度。三、高考词汇的备考过程和方法三、高考词汇的备考过程和方法 必修词汇从高一开始教师要有超前意识，在组织新内容教学的同时，要有计划地及早组织学生进行词汇复习。掌握词汇不能靠冲刺式的突击，必须有持之以恒、坚韧不拨的耐心的毅力。复习单词，应注意四种能力的培养。四种能力即单词的听、说、读、写能力，这四种能力是相辅相成、互为条件的。四个要素是指单词的读音、拼写、词性、词意。在复习中不能把这四个要素孤立地割裂开来记忆。采用音-义-形-用的过程，在单词听写之前音和形的结合，音和

7、义的结合，义和用的融合，目标是：音义形的三方面的融合。 在每个单元学习开始前将本单元的词在每个单元学习开始前将本单元的词汇让学生读会，读好，读准，这个标准就汇让学生读会，读好，读准，这个标准就是见到单词就能准确的读出来，然后让学是见到单词就能准确的读出来，然后让学生能够将单词的读音和含义结合起来。通生能够将单词的读音和含义结合起来。通过单词的音形义听写讲义完成词汇学习的过单词的音形义听写讲义完成词汇学习的第一环节，也是最基础最关键的一步。在第一环节，也是最基础最关键的一步。在平时的教学中要做到词汇先行，全部背诵，平时的教学中要做到词汇先行，全部背诵，并每天检查，每周检查，每月检查，反复并每天检

8、查，每周检查，每月检查，反复巩固，直到掌握。巩固，直到掌握。 具体操作过程具体操作过程必修5unit one单词记忆检查 1.characteristic 2.radium 3.painter 4.putforward 5.scientific 6.conclude 7.conclusion 8.draw a conclusion 9.analyze 10.infect必修5unit one单词记忆检查11.Infectious12.Cholera13.Defeat14.Expert15.Attend16.Physician17.Expose18.expose.to19.Deadly20.Cu

9、re22.Challenge23.Victim24.Absorb25.Suspect26.neighborhood/27.Severe28.clue/29.pump/30.foresee/31.investigate/32.investigation/33.blame/34.pollute/35.handle/36.germ/37.link .to/38.announce/39.certainly/40instruct 学生达到这一步，就可以自主地去阅读听和学生达到这一步，就可以自主地去阅读听和说等语言的学习，老师在学生学习过程中要下功说等语言的学习，老师在学生学习过程中要下功夫给学生提供尽可

10、能多的语言环境和阅读材料，夫给学生提供尽可能多的语言环境和阅读材料，学生在语境中学习和理解要比死记硬背效果要好学生在语境中学习和理解要比死记硬背效果要好的多。简单地用中英文对照方法学习词汇不利于的多。简单地用中英文对照方法学习词汇不利于单词的理解掌握和积累。单词的拼写应该放在一单词的理解掌握和积累。单词的拼写应该放在一单元或某一主题讲授完毕单元或某一主题讲授完毕.这样做有两个好处这样做有两个好处: 第第一一, 省时省时, 高效高效. 单词的音义形通过一单元的学习单词的音义形通过一单元的学习已经有比较准确的把握已经有比较准确的把握,这样学习起来会节省时间这样学习起来会节省时间,而能提高学习的效率

11、而能提高学习的效率. 第二第二: 词汇的含义理解的更词汇的含义理解的更准确。在这个阶段有必要让学生根据单词的意义准确。在这个阶段有必要让学生根据单词的意义写出单词的正确拼写。写出单词的正确拼写。听写讲义举例1. n. 特征；特性特征；特性2. n. 镭镭3. n. 画家；油漆匠画家；油漆匠4. 提出提出5. adj. 科学的科学的6. vt. & vi. 结束；推断出结束；推断出7. n. 结论；结束结论；结束8. 提出结论提出结论9. vt. 分析分析10. vt. 传染；感染传染；感染11. adj. 传染的传染的12. n. 霍乱霍乱 13. vt. 打败；战胜；使受挫打败；战胜；使受挫

12、n. 失败失败14. adj. 熟练的；经验或知识丰富的专家；行家熟练的；经验或知识丰富的专家；行家15. vt. 照顾；护理；出席；参加照顾；护理；出席；参加16. n. 医生；内科医师医生；内科医师17. vt. 暴露；揭露；使曝光暴露；揭露；使曝光18. 使显露；暴露使显露；暴露19. adj. 致命的致命的20. n. 治愈；痊愈治愈；痊愈vt. 治愈；治疗治愈；治疗21. n. 爆发；发作（尤指疾病或战争）爆发；发作（尤指疾病或战争） 22. n. 挑战挑战 vt. 向向挑战挑战23. n. 受害者受害者24. vt. 吸收；吸引；使专心吸收；吸引；使专心25. vt. 怀疑怀疑 n

13、. 被怀疑者；嫌疑犯被怀疑者；嫌疑犯听写讲义举例2. 选修词汇的学习选修词汇的学习 根据根据2015年考试大纲的说明，选修单词年考试大纲的说明，选修单词的教学更要突显出义形的完美融合，要求学生的教学更要突显出义形的完美融合，要求学生根据词汇能够明确其准确含义，根据词汇能够明确其准确含义， 但不一定非但不一定非让学生会拼写某个词汇或词组。让学生会拼写某个词汇或词组。 如果这样做如果这样做会浪费学生宝贵的英语学习时间，会让学生在会浪费学生宝贵的英语学习时间，会让学生在无休止的记忆单词或词组的拼写中失去了对英无休止的记忆单词或词组的拼写中失去了对英语的学习兴趣。语的学习兴趣。 相反老师要学会取舍，相

14、反老师要学会取舍， 让学让学生将选修词汇内化在阅读理解、完形填空中，生将选修词汇内化在阅读理解、完形填空中，让学生在阅读中理解，在理解中欣赏文章，让让学生在阅读中理解，在理解中欣赏文章，让学生在有血有肉，见树见林的意境中，深刻地学生在有血有肉，见树见林的意境中，深刻地学习这些大纲词汇，学习这些大纲词汇， 同时把语音与语法的基同时把语音与语法的基本知识与学生的情感判断力自然结合起来，达本知识与学生的情感判断力自然结合起来，达到词汇学习的良好状态。到词汇学习的良好状态。 启示和建议 高考英语词汇十分繁杂丰富，而高考复高考英语词汇十分繁杂丰富，而高考复习时间又有限，如复习时能总结归纳词汇习时间又有限

15、，如复习时能总结归纳词汇的音、形、义、用四个方面，扩大词汇学的音、形、义、用四个方面，扩大词汇学习的深度和广度。习的深度和广度。 所谓深度和广度是指归所谓深度和广度是指归纳同义词、近义词的异同；尽可能掌握常纳同义词、近义词的异同；尽可能掌握常用词的各种用法、搭配和意义，特别是那用词的各种用法、搭配和意义，特别是那些用法和词义繁多、搭配能力强的常用基些用法和词义繁多、搭配能力强的常用基本词汇，除音、形、义外，还要掌握他们本词汇，除音、形、义外，还要掌握他们的适用条件、语法特点以及与其他相关知的适用条件、语法特点以及与其他相关知识的联系，尽可能争取给学生提供语境，识的联系，尽可能争取给学生提供语境

16、，训练到位、熟练运用。训练到位、熟练运用。运用举例 在讲授单词comment和remark 时，我选择文章，让学生能够通过文章的语境去理解remark 的语境。 Twenty years ago, I drove a taxi for a living. One night I went to pick up a passenger at 2:30 AM. When I arrived to collect, I found the building was dark except for a single light in a ground floor window. I walked to

17、 the door and knocked, “Just a minute,” answered a weak, elderly voice. After a long pause, the door opened. A small woman in her eighties stood before me. By her side was a small suitcase. I took the suitcase to the car, and then returned to help the woman. She took my arm and we walked slowly towa

18、rd the car. She kept thanking me for my kindness. “Its nothing,” I told her. “I just try to treat my passengers the way I would want my mother treated.” “Oh, youre such a good man,” she said. When we got into the taxi, she gave me an address, and then asked, “Could you drive through downtown?” “Its

19、not the shortest way,” I answered quickly. “Oh, Im in no hurry,” she said. “Im on my way to a hospice(临终医院临终医院). I dont have any family left. The doctor says I dont have very long.” I quietly reached over and shut off the meter. For the next two hours, we drove through the city. She showed me the bu

20、ilding where she had once worked, the neighborhood where she had lived, and the furniture shop that had once been a ballroom where she had gone dancing as a girl. Sometimes shed ask me to slow down in front of a particular building and would sit staring into the darkness, saying nothing. At dawn, sh

21、e suddenly said,” Im tired. Lets go now.” We drove in silence to the address she had given me. “How much do I owe you?” she asked. “Nothing.” I said. “You have to make a living,” she answered. “Oh, there are other passengers,” I answered. Almost without thinking, I bent and gave her a hug. She held

22、onto me tightly. Our hug ended with her_ , “You gave an old woman a little moment of joy.” A. comment B. remark C. review D. speech 四、试卷中渗透词汇学习和四、试卷中渗透词汇学习和运用运用1.根据语境结合语义根据语境结合语义解决问题 It was already half past seven and I was running late again for the dinner appointment with my wife, Eleanor. We had

23、agreed to meet at the restaurant at seven oclock. I felt a little uneasy, but to my relief，I had a good excuse: A business meeting had run over and Id wasted no time getting to the dinner. When I arrived at the restaurant，1 apologized and told Eleanor I didnt mean to be late. She screamed, You never

24、 mean to. Well, I could tell she was angry. Im sorry but it was not avoidable, I said. Then I told her about the business meeting. However, my explanation seemed to make things worse, which started to drive me mad as well. Several weeks later, when I described the situation to my friend Ken Hardy, h

25、e smiled, You made a classic mistake. Youre stuck in your own way of thinking. You didnt intend to be late. But thats not the point. What is important in your communication is how your lateness affected Eleanor. He pointed out that I focused on the intention while Eleanor focused on the result. Thus

26、, both of us felt misunderstood and crazy. The more I thought about what Ken had said, the more I _1_ this battle-intention VS consequences- was the root _2_ of so much interpersonal discord (不和不和). As it turns out, its not the thought or even the action that _3_. Thats because the other person does

27、nt experience your thought or your action. He or she experiences the consequences of your action.1. A. witnessed B. experienced C. recognized D. predicted2. A. part B. purpose C. proof D. cause3. A. counts B. appears C. arises D. conflicts2.根据熟词多义，浅词多义解决问题 这里举个例子：这里举个例子： You ask to shadow a professi

28、onal and start building your network.The national entrance examination is coming. Here are some suggestions for high school students pursuing college and university. Develop good study habits. 1 youre less likely to burn out and you will already know what works best for you to learn. Studying is a s

29、kill. Lots of times, students who struggle in college do so because they have not developed good study habits since they merely breezed through high school. Dont let this be you! 2 This not only applies to high school or college, but it applies to life in general. Its always a good idea to be involv

30、ed in organizations related to your major and to get major -related jobs. 3 you have to learn multitasking now. Its obvious why you need good time management skill.Volunteer. Volunteering has other benefits besides making your college application more well-round. A lot of times, you have an idea of

31、what career you want to pursue, so start looking for volunteer opportunities in those fields. 4 Ask to shadow a professional and start building your network. You can also ask these people for a letter of recommendation when you need one. Build good relationships with your teachers. Many universities

32、 and scholarship programs ask for letters of recommendations. Some may even have a requirement that at least one come from a teacher. 5 but they have to know you better and they can see that you work hard. A. Learn good time management skill. B. There are many different kinds of scholarships. C. Thi

33、s allows you to see what its like working in that type of job. D. Combine these things with studying for exams and assignments. E. Excellent learning habits will make things easier for you in college. F. Teachers are more likely to give you a strong, positive recommendation. 3. 根据动词和动词短语，介词短语和习惯用语，解

34、决问题。 再例如： (1) I thought we would be late for the concert, but we ended up getting there a head of time. (2) She said, she ended up focusing on public service. Mrs. Obama spoke to the graduates of Martin Luther King Jr. High School on Saturday in her only high school commencement（毕业典礼）speech this yea

35、r. The ceremony took place in the gymnasium of Tennessee State University. The first lady told the 170 graduates that she spent too much of her time in college focusing on academe achievements. While her success in college and law school led to a good job, she said, she ended up focusing on public s

36、ervice. “My message to you today is that dont waste a minute living someone elses dream,” she said. “It takes a lot of real work to discover what brings you joy and you wont find what you love simply by checking mailboxes or surfing the net.” She said MLK reminded her of her own high school experien

37、ce in Chicago. “My No.1 goal was to go to a high school that would push me and challenge me,” she said. “I wanted to go somewhere that would celebrate achievement. Unfortunately, schools like this dont exist for every kid.” she said. “You are blessed.” The first lady told graduates that failure may

38、be a part of their college lives and careers, and that how they respond determines what they will become. “Thats when you find out what youre really made of in those hard times,” she said. “But you can only do that if youre willing to put yourself in a position where you might fail.” Overcoming diff

39、iculties has been the mark of many great people, she said, “Oprah was demoted（降职）from her first job as a news reporter, and now she doesnt even need a last name,” she said of media giant Oprah Winfrey “And then theres this guy Barack Obama, I could take up a whole afternoon talking about his failure

40、s. He lost his first race for Congress”, the first lady joked, “and now he gets to call himself my husband.” What do we know about Mrs. Obama from the text? A. This was the first time she gave a speech to graduates. B. She complained about her school life in her speech. C. She is a graduate of Tenne

41、ssee State University. D. She is enthusiastic about public service. 4. 根据同义词和近义词的辨析解决问题 loving Lovely lively Immigrants to the coast of southern Appalachian Mountains of North America brought the music and instruments of the Old World along with them for nearly 300 years. They brought some of their

42、most important valuables with them. To most of them this was an instrument. Early Scottish settlers enjoyed the violin because it could be played to sound sad or lively. The Irish violin, the German dulcimer, the Italian mandolin, the Spanish guitar, and the West African banjo were the most common m

43、usical instruments. The communication among musicians from different ethnic groups（族群）produced music unique to this region of North America. Appalachian string bands（弦乐队）of the early 20th century primarily consisted of the violin, guitar, and banjo. This early country music along with early recorded country music is often referred to as old-time music.According to Bill Malone in Country Music U.S.A, country music was “introduced to the world as a southern phenomenon.” In the South, folk music was a combination of cultural types, combining musical tradit