短文改错课件1

1、考 查 目 标1 1）识别错误）识别错误 并正确校正语篇的能力并正确校正语篇的能力2 2）综合运用英语知识的能力）综合运用英语知识的能力3 3）准确理解语篇，掌握内容及行文逻辑）准确理解语篇，掌握内容及行文逻辑的能力的能力考 查 内 容1.一致性问题：一致性问题：1）主谓一致）主谓一致2）时态一致）时态一致3）名词的数）名词的数 与格的一致与格的一致4）代词中指）代词中指代关系的一致代关系的一致5）句式结构）句式结构与语意的一致与语意的一致6）行文逻辑）行文逻辑关系的一致关系的一致2.词的用法词的用法1）词的分类知识：）词的分类知识：2）构词法知识：）构词法知识：3）词的惯用法）词的惯用法3.

2、短文该错考查项目短文该错考查项目1）错词更正）错词更正2）多词删除）多词删除3）缺词补漏）缺词补漏巩固练习 Another problem is that good soil is gradual lost. 1_When trees is cut down,there is nothing to hold 2_the soil in the place on the hillside. So when it 3_rained,the soil is washed down the hills and into 4_the rivers.Strong winds can also blow o

3、ut the 5_valuable soil lies on the top of the fields. 6_ graduallyaretherainsawaywhich/thatMost families in China hoped their single children will 76_have a happy future, so they are very strict in their children. 77_So do teachers in schools! Many children are given so much 78_homework that they ha

4、ve hardly any spare time have sports. 79_The children are forbidden to do anything but to study. No 80_一hopewitharetoto考点一考点一 错词错词: :类型很多，具体参见下表：命题角度命题角度考点考点解题思路解题思路名词名词冠词冠词判断名词前的冠词是否判断名词前的冠词是否误用误用名词名词名词的数名词的数句中名词该用单数还是句中名词该用单数还是复数动词复数动词动词动词时态、语态以时态、语态以及主谓一致及主谓一致根据上下文判断动词时根据上下文判断动词时态态/ /语态是否有误、主谓语态是

5、否有误、主谓搭配是否正确搭配是否正确非谓语动非谓语动词词分词分词/ /动名动名/ /不不定式定式据上下文判断非谓动是据上下文判断非谓动是否误用否误用介词介词惯用法惯用法惯用法中介词是否误用惯用法中介词是否误用连词连词句法句法判断并列判断并列/ /从属连词是否误从属连词是否误用用形容词形容词/ /副副词词词法词法判断句中形容词判断句中形容词/ /副词是否副词是否误用误用代词代词人称代词的格、人称代词的格、指示代词及关指示代词及关系代词与从句系代词与从句关系关系1. 1.人称代词的格是否误用人称代词的格是否误用 2. 2.代词前后指代是否一致代词前后指代是否一致3. 3.定从中关系词是否误用定从中

6、关系词是否误用考点二考点二 少词（漏词）少词（漏词）漏掉的往往是冠词、介词、连词等虚词，这又与漏掉的往往是冠词、介词、连词等虚词，这又与前后词语的搭配有关。不是固定搭配的要特别注意前后词语的搭配有关。不是固定搭配的要特别注意行文习惯或者上下文之间的逻辑关系。请看下表：行文习惯或者上下文之间的逻辑关系。请看下表：命题角度命题角度考点考点解题思路解题思路名词名词冠词冠词名词前是否缺冠词名词前是否缺冠词 不及物不及物动词动词介词介词不及物动词后是否缺介词不及物动词后是否缺介词不定式不定式不定式不定式符号符号toto不定式中是否缺少了不该省的不定式中是否缺少了不该省的toto被动语态被动语态助动词助动

7、词被动态结构中是否少了助动词被动态结构中是否少了助动词bebe母语迁移母语迁移词类用词类用法法将形容词、副词或介词视作动将形容词、副词或介词视作动词，使句子缺少谓语动词词，使句子缺少谓语动词固定搭配固定搭配惯用法惯用法惯用法中是否漏了不可缺少的惯用法中是否漏了不可缺少的词词考点三考点三 多词多词多余的词往往是结构词，如冠词、介词、副多余的词往往是结构词，如冠词、介词、副词等。一种是根据涉及的名词、动词的特点词等。一种是根据涉及的名词、动词的特点、搭配和含义判断是否多了冠词、介词或副、搭配和含义判断是否多了冠词、介词或副词。另一种是根据全句的结构和意义，判断词。另一种是根据全句的结构和意义，判断

8、是否多了连词和其他词。是否多了连词和其他词。命题角命题角度度考点考点解题思路解题思路名词名词冠词冠词抽象名词，物质名词泛指是否抽象名词，物质名词泛指是否多了冠词多了冠词动词动词介词介词及物动词后受母语影响是否多及物动词后受母语影响是否多了介词了介词不定式不定式小品词小品词toto不定式前是否多了应该省略的不定式前是否多了应该省略的toto时间状时间状语语介词介词时间状语中是否多了介词时间状语中是否多了介词形容词、形容词、副词副词比较结构比较结构 形容词、副词比较结构中是否形容词、副词比较结构中是否多了相似词多了相似词固定搭固定搭配配惯用法惯用法固定搭配是否固定搭配是否 画蛇添足画蛇添足 bec

9、ause-(so)though/although-(but) return-(back) repeat-(the same, again)combine-(together)unite-(together) hate-(very much) repay-(back)master-(well)advance-(forward) improve-(better)sink-(down)renew-(again)about/around-(or so) walk-(on foot)alone-(by oneself)still-(remain)meet-(together) no-(not any/n

10、ot a )think over-(carefully)(very)-perfect (very)-excellent (very)-tiny(very)-hugecan-(be able to) take good care of-(carefully) enter-(into) both-(equal/equally/together)be about to do-(at once/immediately)常见的语义重复现象，不能与括号内的词并用。常见的语义重复现象，不能与括号内的词并用。应用文应用文 英语应用文是实用性较强的书面交际方式，英语应用文是实用性较强的书面交际方式，是短文改错中

11、最常用的体裁，是短文改错中最常用的体裁，20042004年全国卷年全国卷（I I、IVIV）均为应用文体裁，其中）均为应用文体裁，其中20042004年的全年的全国卷和自主命题各省市卷（书面表达）是信件国卷和自主命题各省市卷（书面表达）是信件写作，故短文改错中书信、通知、日记将是主写作，故短文改错中书信、通知、日记将是主流。流。一、一、步步为赢步步为赢1 1、通篇考虑通篇考虑英语短文改错是以一篇短文作为材料，因此短文改错要考英语短文改错是以一篇短文作为材料，因此短文改错要考虑语篇结构中的前后语义联系和行文逻辑关系，依此来判虑语篇结构中的前后语义联系和行文逻辑关系，依此来判断前后语义是否通顺以及

12、连词和逻辑承接语是否正确。断前后语义是否通顺以及连词和逻辑承接语是否正确。2 2、依句查错依句查错英语短文改错一般英语短文改错一般 题以行出，错从句生题以行出，错从句生 ，因此必须以句，因此必须以句子而不是以每行为意义单位来分析。分析复合句和并列句子而不是以每行为意义单位来分析。分析复合句和并列句查连词，分析每个主句、从句和单句时查句法和语法错误，查连词，分析每个主句、从句和单句时查句法和语法错误，最后分析组成句子的各部分中的词法错误。最后分析组成句子的各部分中的词法错误。3 3、瞻前顾后瞻前顾后分析时必须行行兼顾，甚至要注意后几行与前几行之间的分析时必须行行兼顾，甚至要注意后几行与前几行之间

13、的语义联系，在查找正确的一行时也要行行兼顾综合分析，语义联系，在查找正确的一行时也要行行兼顾综合分析，以确保该行正确无误，从而避免影响其他行的改错。以确保该行正确无误，从而避免影响其他行的改错。4 4、仔细复查仔细复查做完一题后要快速把正确答案代入短文中默读一遍，以便做完一题后要快速把正确答案代入短文中默读一遍，以便检查答案是否正确。检查答案是否正确。临场技法临场技法二、二、 三查，一结合三查，一结合 1 1、查特殊词查特殊词主要是查名词（单、复数的运用以及其前是否需要冠词），主要是查名词（单、复数的运用以及其前是否需要冠词），代词（指代是否明确及其数、格的变化），动词（动词原代词（指代是否明

14、确及其数、格的变化），动词（动词原形，第三人称单数，非谓语动词形式是否正确），形容词形，第三人称单数，非谓语动词形式是否正确），形容词和副词（原级，比较级，最高级）等等。和副词（原级，比较级，最高级）等等。2 2、查短语搭配查短语搭配主要查名词与介词的搭配，形容词与介词的搭配和动词的主要查名词与介词的搭配，形容词与介词的搭配和动词的功能搭配。功能搭配。请记住：出现介词必查！请记住：出现介词必查！3 3、查句法查句法主要查主谓一致，时态，句子之间必要的连接，平行结构主要查主谓一致，时态，句子之间必要的连接，平行结构现象等等。现象等等。4 4、 一结合一结合 ：结合常识和上下文，弄清语意，理清逻辑

15、：结合常识和上下文，弄清语意，理清逻辑关系关系三、三、读题三原则读题三原则 1 .1 .整体理解整体理解2.2.多向思维多向思维3.3.先易后难先易后难四、四、审题三中心审题三中心 1. 1. 以句子为中心以句子为中心2. 2. 以实词为中心以实词为中心3.3.以错词为中心以错词为中心五、五、做题三准则做题三准则 1. 1. 以改动最少为准则以改动最少为准则2. 2. 以保持原意为准则以保持原意为准则3.3.以以 多错多错 少少正正 为准则为准则六、六、不改原则不改原则1 1、不改拼写近年的改错题无此类错误。、不改拼写近年的改错题无此类错误。2 2、不改词序虽然在平时学习中词序是重点，但受、不

16、改词序虽然在平时学习中词序是重点，但受 一对一一对一 原则的影响，此类错误不可能命题。原则的影响，此类错误不可能命题。3 3、不改大小写虽不命题，但注意不要误将大写写成小写。、不改大小写虽不命题，但注意不要误将大写写成小写。4 4、不改词义这里的词义指实词词义。平时不少同学认为、不改词义这里的词义指实词词义。平时不少同学认为某个词不通顺，不准确，就换成另一词，这是不允许的。某个词不通顺，不准确，就换成另一词，这是不允许的。七、七、易错提醒易错提醒1 1、注意英汉两种语言的、注意英汉两种语言的差别差别，英语中有些语言现象是汉，英语中有些语言现象是汉语所没有的，如冠词、可数名词的单复数形式、动词时

17、态语所没有的，如冠词、可数名词的单复数形式、动词时态以及第三人称单数形式等，因而容易被考生忽视而错用。以及第三人称单数形式等，因而容易被考生忽视而错用。2 2、英语中的、英语中的介词、人称代词、被动语态短语结构介词、人称代词、被动语态短语结构以及主以及主从复合句中的从复合句中的关系代词关系代词和和关系副词关系副词的使用等较之汉语要复的使用等较之汉语要复杂得多，考生亦出错。杂得多，考生亦出错。3 3、忽视英语中的、忽视英语中的 对称对称 现象。在表达对称概念时，要使现象。在表达对称概念时，要使用相同的语法结构，即动词与动词相配，其时态及其形式用相同的语法结构，即动词与动词相配，其时态及其形式应一

18、致；形容词与形容词相配，要注意只有程度相当的形应一致；形容词与形容词相配，要注意只有程度相当的形容词才能配合使用，如原级形容词与原级形容词相配等；容词才能配合使用，如原级形容词与原级形容词相配等；分词与分词相配，不定式与不定式相配，短语与短语相配；分词与分词相配，不定式与不定式相配，短语与短语相配；对称结构常借助于并列连词对称结构常借助于并列连词andand，oror等完成。等完成。4 4、做题要、做题要规范规范。要严格按照规定的符号改错，切勿离开。要严格按照规定的符号改错，切勿离开文后的文后的1010道横线，在短文的字里行间涂涂改改。道横线，在短文的字里行间涂涂改改。Dear Ron,I w

19、as exciting to hear that you are coming 1._to our school soon. Now let me to introduce our school 2._ to you. Our school is a famous school with long 3. _history. We have many experience teachers and 4._ excellent equipment. There are two teach buildings. 5. _There are too one lab building and one d

20、orm 6._building. Except Chinese, maths, English, physics and 7._chemistry, we still have some subjects. The students 8. _can choose whichever they would like attend. We love 9. _our school. I am looking forward to meet you soon. 10. _ Yours, Li Hua例例1.1.excitingexcited； 2.去掉第二个to； 3.在long 前加a； 4.exp

21、erienceexperienced；5.teachteaching； 6.tooalso； 7.exceptbesides； 8. ;9.在attend 前加to； 10.meetmeeting。记叙文记叙文 记叙文是中学生短文改错的重要文体，可考记叙文是中学生短文改错的重要文体，可考查时态、语态变化，上下文一致等，其中查时态、语态变化，上下文一致等，其中20022002、20032003、20042004年全国卷均为记叙文。在复习备考过程年全国卷均为记叙文。在复习备考过程中，要高度重视！中，要高度重视！ A special way of thanksOne day some people

22、on the shore listened shouts1._for help. They ran up to the sea. A soldier jumped 2._into the water and ran to the man. He was a good3._ swimmer and soon pulled the man back the shore. Now 4._everyone saw that what the man was a very rich man. 5._He went to the soldier, taking out a shilling(先令) 6._

23、 and gave it to him. And the soldier refused to take 7._ it and went far away. The people there were very 8._ angry with the young man. And an old woman said 9._ laughing, Im sure that the rich man knows how much 10._his life is worth! Everyone there agreed with the woman and laughed too. 例例2.1.list

24、enedheard2.updown3.ranswam4.back后加to5.去掉what6.takingtook7.AndBut8.去掉far9. youngrich10.说明文说明文 2004 2004年全国卷年全国卷体裁为说明文（因特网的优体裁为说明文（因特网的优缺点）。说明文通常是反映时代发展、歌颂时代缺点）。说明文通常是反映时代发展、歌颂时代变化及社会热点问题。如：自然资源保护、环境、变化及社会热点问题。如：自然资源保护、环境、人口等。人口等。Man depends water for many years. He needs it for drinking. 1._He needs

25、it for growing food. He needs it for keeping him clean 2._and free from illness. He needs it more and more water for 3._industry. People often forget what necessary water is for industry. 4._Imagine, for example, a large quantity of water is using by great 5._cooling towers of a steel plant. The dem

26、and of water is growing 6._every day. It is close connected with the increasing population 7._and with the pressing problem of provide enough food. 8._But the world has not yet found way of storing enough 9._water to satisfy all these important needs. 10._例例3.答案：1.depends 后加on2.himhimself3.删去it4.wha

27、videproviding9.way前加a/the10.议论文议论文高考短文改错体裁也采用议论文，其内容高考短文改错体裁也采用议论文，其内容涉及日常生活、社会热点、习俗等等。涉及日常生活、社会热点、习俗等等。Though great progress has been made in science these years, there 1._are still many people living in poor conditions. They make their lives 2._by collectin

28、g and selling used thing. Their children cannot go to school 3._because they have not enough money to send their children to there. 4._Why you think so many people still suffer from poverty now? 5._The answer lies on the population explosion. A president 6._of a developing country once said, It is u

29、s who are to blame for 7._the poverty because we used to produce child without limit. 8._Although this few words sound simple enough, they have 9._clear pointed out one of the causes of the population explosion. 10._例例4.答案： 1.2.livesliving3.thingthings4.去掉第二个to5.Why后面加do6.onin7.uswe8.childchildren9.

30、thisthese10.clearclearlyLadies and gentleman, may I have your attention, please? 1. _All flights this morning have put off, because our air is 2. _covered with thick fog. As there is no windy, the weatherman 3. _is unable to tell when the fog will clear up. We cannot do 4. _anything but waiting. Ple

31、ase keep in order and take good care 5. _of your baggage. Passengers, please dont leave for the waiting 6. _room. As soon as the weather turns favorable, and we shall announce 7. _flights. For passengers stayed at the airport, lunch is free. It will 8. _be served in the dining hall in the second flo

32、or from eleven oclock 9. _to one oclock. By the way, there is no planes to arrive within an hour. 10. _Thank you.1.I went to the Summer Palace last week. At the gate I happened to meet some American tourists. I greeted to 1._them in English and then we began to chat. I got know 2._that they were col

33、lege students travel in China. Most of 3._them were fond of Chinese medicine. They are busy taking 4._pictures and were much impressed with the changes that 5._had been taken place in the past few years as well. After 6._that, we went boating on a lake and having a good time. 7._We exchanged our ema

34、il address so that we could write to 8._each other in future. They thanked us again and again. I 9._was very glad to have a chance to practicing my oral English. 10._2.One night, a thief broke in an old mans house. He made 1._a voice and woke up the old man and his wife. The husband 2._told his wife

35、 to keep silence. Then he said loudly,y dear， 3._these days thieves are clever，if they took off their clothes and 4._put them on the table，the people in the room will fall sleep 5._and cant wake up.“ When the thief heard this, he took off 6._his clothes at once and was ready to setting out to work.

36、At 7._this moment, the husband suddenly shouted in loud voice 8._Stop, thief! Stop, thief! The thief was frightening. He ran 9._away as fast as he could and leaves his clothes on the table. 10._3. An unforgettable experienceWhen I walked into the classroom, the teacher was handing in the tests. I wa

37、s feeling very nervous. I had not studied 1._at all at the weekend as I had thought it would be easy test. 2._I went through the test for many times but I could only answer 3._three out from the twenty questions. I did not want to fail 4._the exam. Then, I put my book under my desk, opening it 5._an

38、d started looking for the answer. The teacher wasnt 6._looking at me ,but I copied something. Suddenly, I felt a hand 7._on my shoulder! The teacher caught me cheating. I dont 8._ know what to say. Luckily, the teacher did not punish for 9._cheating but instead gave me a second chance. 10._4.As the

39、development of the Internet, more and more people tend to send 1. _electronic cards instead of paper ones at New Years time. Comparing with 2. _the traditional cards, electronic cards are more interesting and lively, for you 3. _can get not only pictures but also the background music and even animat

40、ed 4. _cartoons. Otherwise, its faster to send an electronic card. There are many 5. _web sites on line which different varieties of cards are available. You can 6. _choose one you like best for your friend and relatives. If none of these cards 7. _are of any interest to you, you can design cards of unique style use 8. _FLASH or other software. More importantly, because the popularity of 9. _electronic cards, less paper is used for making paper cards, it contributes 10. _to environmental protection.5.The size and shape of your ears show your ch