英译汉层次句子翻译PPT课件

1、1三大从句的翻译方法三大从句的翻译方法 名词性从句 定语从句 状语从句第1页/共72页2 Whatever is worth doing at all is worth doing well. 凡是值得做的事，就值得把它做好。 Whether an organism is a plant or an animal sometimes taxes the brain of a biologist. 一种生物究竟是植物还是动物，有时候会使生物学家颇伤脑筋。第2页/共72页3 遇到以it做形式主语而将真正的主语置后的句型，翻译时可采用分译、合译或插译的方法。 It can be seen that

2、precleaning alone would not reduce the total sulfur content of the four coals to level anywhere near the standards. 可以看出，这4种煤的总含硫量仅靠预洗是不能降低到接近标准规定的水平的。第3页/共72页4 It doesnt matter whether we start now or later. 我们现在开始还是以后开始都没有关系。 It happened that I had bought the book. 我碰巧买了这本书。第4页/共72页5 I dont rememb

3、er whether I cried at that moment, but my sister did. 译文一：当时我究竟哭没哭，我不记得了。但我妹妹的译文一：当时我究竟哭没哭，我不记得了。但我妹妹的确哭了。确哭了。 译文二：我不记得当时我究竟哭没哭，但我妹妹的确哭译文二：我不记得当时我究竟哭没哭，但我妹妹的确哭了。了。 Your assumption, that things will improve, is unfounded. 译文一：你的设想，认为事情都会改进，是没有根据的。译文一：你的设想，认为事情都会改进，是没有根据的。 译文二：你认为事情都会改进的设想是没有根据的。译文二：你

4、认为事情都会改进的设想是没有根据的。 He is not who he was thought to be. 他不是人们过去所想的那种人。他不是人们过去所想的那种人。第5页/共72页6第6页/共72页7第7页/共72页8 第8页/共72页9 Try to translate: 他那富有感染力的笑声他那富有感染力的笑声打破了沉寂。打破了沉寂。第9页/共72页10粗野的，无礼的急急捉住蛤蟆连续地轻咬第10页/共72页11 Try to translate:天文学的积极性；进取心第11页/共72页12继续第12页/共72页13 第13页/共72页14 Try to translate:余额第14页/

5、共72页15第15页/共72页16 Try to translate:拼命的；非常的第16页/共72页17可靠的；有根据的第17页/共72页18镇压；消灭叛乱第18页/共72页19神的；神圣的礼拜第19页/共72页20状语从句状语从句 状语从句包括表示时间、原因、条件、让步、目的等各种状语从句包括表示时间、原因、条件、让步、目的等各种从句，位置灵活，放在主句的前面、后面或中间都可以。从句，位置灵活，放在主句的前面、后面或中间都可以。 （1）时间状语从句）时间状语从句 When you apply for a job, you must present your resume. 译文：当你应聘一

6、份工作时，必须提交简历。译文：当你应聘一份工作时，必须提交简历。 Michael used to look hurt and surprised when scolded. 译文：麦克尔过去受到责难时，看起来又伤心又惊讶。译文：麦克尔过去受到责难时，看起来又伤心又惊讶。第20页/共72页21 As soon as I have finished it, Ill give you a call. 译文：译文：我一做完就给你电话。（一就） Until you told me, I had heard nothing of what happened. 译文：译文：一直到你告诉我，我才知道发生了什么

7、事。（直到才）第21页/共72页22（2）原因状语从句）原因状语从句He threw off his coat because he felt hot.译文：他觉得很热，把上衣脱掉了。译文：他觉得很热，把上衣脱掉了。I have kept that portrait where I can see it every day, as it always reminds me of my university days in London.译文：我把那幅画像摆在每天能看得见的地方，因为它总是让我想起在伦敦译文：我把那幅画像摆在每天能看得见的地方，因为它总是让我想起在伦敦上大学的那些日子。上大学的那

8、些日子。第22页/共72页23（3）条件状语从句）条件状语从句You can arrive in Beijing earlier for the meeting provided you dont mind taking the night train.译文：如果你不介意坐夜车的话，你可以早一点到北译文：如果你不介意坐夜车的话，你可以早一点到北京去参加那次会议。京去参加那次会议。If I were you, I would not go.译文：我要是你我就不去。译文：我要是你我就不去。If punished, they will not cooperate.译文：他们如果受到损害，将不予合作。

9、译文：他们如果受到损害，将不予合作。第23页/共72页24 （4）让步状语从句）让步状语从句 Ive already told you that Im going to buy it, however much it costs. 译文：已经告诉过你了，不管花多少钱，我都打算买它。译文：已经告诉过你了，不管花多少钱，我都打算买它。 Even if the calculation is right, scientists can never be sure that they have included all variables and modeled them accurately. 译文：

10、即使计算是正确的，科学家们也无法肯定他们已经把所有的变量都包括译文：即使计算是正确的，科学家们也无法肯定他们已经把所有的变量都包括进去并精确地模拟了它们。进去并精确地模拟了它们。第24页/共72页25 （5）目的状语从句）目的状语从句 I was advised to arrange for insurance in case I needed medical treatment. 译文：有人劝我投保，以防治病之需。译文：有人劝我投保，以防治病之需。 I was looking for a temporary job so that I could save up some money to

11、go traveling. 译文：我在找一份临时工作，以便积攒些钱去旅游。译文：我在找一份临时工作，以便积攒些钱去旅游。第25页/共72页26 （6）其他状语从句）其他状语从句 They usually have less money at the end of the month than they have at the beginning. 译文：通常到了月底，他们的钱就比月初少了。译文：通常到了月底，他们的钱就比月初少了。 In the course of a day, students do far more than just attend classes. 译文：在一天的学习生活

12、中，学生所做的远不止听课。译文：在一天的学习生活中，学生所做的远不止听课。 Careful surveys have indicated that as many as 50 percent of patients do not take drugs as directed. 译文：周密的调查已经表明：多达译文：周密的调查已经表明：多达50%的病人没有按的病人没有按照医嘱服药。照医嘱服药。第26页/共72页27 Translating long English sentences involves not only a mixed application of various techniqu

13、es but also a careful analysis of their grammatical structures and logical sequences. That is to say, on the one hand, to achieve accurate comprehension a translator should take pains to decode the logical sequence of a long sentence in addition to its grammatical relation. on the other, to achieve

14、appropriate reproduction a translator should make no less efforts to rearrange various parts according to the Chinese way of thinking than to apply translation techniques.第27页/共72页281. Features of Long English SentencesThe basic structures of long English sentences are as follows: S+V, S+V+P, S+V+O,

15、 S+V+o+O, and S+V+O+C as mainstays, with words, phrases, or clauses as members of sentences, then join, directly or indirectly, various kinds of nexuses composed of words, phrases, or clauses as modifiers, to the mainstays of the basic structures. 第28页/共72页292. Features of Chinese Equivalents to Lon

16、g English SentencesWe Chinese like to build our sentences in chronological order (流水纪事法流水纪事法). In other words, we usually arrange our ideas according to temporal or logical sequences:earlier actions later actions 由先到后由先到后specific general 由具体到一般由具体到一般cause effect 由因到果由因到果phenomena nature 由现象到本质由现象到本质

17、condition (concession) facts 由条件（让步）由条件（让步）到事实到事实facts conclusion由事实到结论由事实到结论第29页/共72页30 3. Common Ways to Translate Long Sentences (长句的常用译法长句的常用译法) The following are the major steps to translate a long sentences: Step 1 Find out the basic pattern (查明基本查明基本句型句型)：SV, SVP, SVO, SVoO, SVOC? Step 2 Find

18、 out the subordination (查明从属查明从属结构结构)：modifier or the modified? Step 3 Find out the meanings of words (查查明词义明词义)：meaning in a given context?第30页/共72页31 Step 4 Find out the grammatical relations (查明语法关系查明语法关系)：tense, aspect, voice, mood, etc.? Step 5 Find out the focus, temporal or logical sequences

19、(查明重心，时间或逻辑顺序查明重心，时间或逻辑顺序) Step 6 (Re)arrange various parts according to Chinese ways of thinking and modes of expression (按照中国人的思维方式和表达习惯，安按照中国人的思维方式和表达习惯，安排或调整语序排或调整语序) Step 7 Revise, modify and polish the draft (修订、润饰初稿修订、润饰初稿)第31页/共72页32 第32页/共72页33 第33页/共72页34 Try to translate:刺激物；激励第34页/共72页35

20、第35页/共72页36第36页/共72页37第37页/共72页38第38页/共72页39第39页/共72页40第40页/共72页41第41页/共72页42第42页/共72页43 Translate:第43页/共72页44第44页/共72页45第45页/共72页46第46页/共72页47第47页/共72页48 第48页/共72页49第49页/共72页50出贡献。这就是我们的观点。出贡献。这就是我们的观点。第50页/共72页51第51页/共72页52第52页/共72页53 第53页/共72页54gold is in astronauts suits. Astronauts wear gold -p

21、latedheat shields for protection outside the spaceship. Inconclusion, gold is treasured not only for its beauty, butalso for its utility.有光泽的；灿烂的第54页/共72页55第55页/共72页56 第56页/共72页57 2 段落翻译段落翻译 It may be that I am a pessimist, for spring it is, not autumn, that makes me sad. Spring has always rightly b

22、een identified with youth, and the sorrows of youth are poignant and bitter. The daffodils which challenge so proudly and splendidly the boisterous March winds are soon shriveled and defeated, limply wrinkling to remind us of the inevitable ravages of time. The world is urgent with bursting life, with the wild exciting beauty of youth, but it is an impetuous beauty of scenes racing impatiently in to the florid and surfeited luxury of summer. Here is no comfort and ful