英语演讲艺术weekfivePPT课件

1、The Preparation Outline Preparation outline: a detailed outline developed during the process of speech preparation that includes the title, specific purpose, central idea, introduction, main points, subpoints, connectives, conclusion, and bibliography of a speech.第1页/共41页 It helps you prepare the sp

2、eech. Decide what youll say in the introduction, how you will organize the main points and supporting materials in the body, and what youll say in the conclusion.第2页/共41页Guidelines for the Preparation Outline State the specific purpose and central idea. Label the introduction, body, and conclusion.

3、Use a consistent pattern of symbolization and indentation. State main points and subpoints in full sentences.第3页/共41页 Label transitions, internal summaries, and internal previews. Attach a bibliography. Give your speech a title.第4页/共41页State the Specific Purpose and Central Idea The specific purpose

4、 statement and the central idea should be separate units that appear before the text of the outline itself. How well you have constructed the speech to accomplish your purpose and to communicate your central idea.第5页/共41页Label the Introduction, Body, and Conclusion第6页/共41页Use a Consistent Pattern of

5、 Symbolization and Indentation See APS page 120. Visual framework: the pattern of symbolization and indentation in a speech outline that show the relationships among the speakers ideas. 第7页/共41页State Main Points and Subpoints in Full Sentences A skimpy preparation outline is of little value. Stating

6、 main points and subpoints in full sentences will ensure that you develop your ideas fully.第8页/共41页Label Transitions, Internal Summaries, and Internal Preview Usually theyre not incorporated into the system of symbolization and indentation. Theyre labeled separately and are inserted in the outline w

7、here theyll appear in the speech.第9页/共41页Attach a Bibliography Bibliography: a list of all the sources used in preparing a speech. It shows all the books, magazines, newspapers, and Internet sources consulted, as well as any interviews or field research you conducted.第10页/共41页Give Your Speech a Titl

8、e Three requirements for a good speech title: (1) be brief; (2) attract the attention of your audience; (3) encapsulate the main thrust of your speech. See APS pages 122-124. Sample Preparation Outline With Commentary.第11页/共41页The Speaking Outline Speaking outline: a brief outline used to jog a spea

9、kers memory during the presentation of a speech. It helps you what you want to say. A condensed version of your preparation outline.第12页/共41页 It should contain key words or phrases, essential statistics and quotations. It should also include cues to direct and sharpen your delivery.第13页/共41页Guidelin

10、es for the Speaking Outline Follow the visual framework used in the preparation outline. Make sure the outline is legible. Keep the outline as brief as possible. Give yourself cues for delivering the speech.第14页/共41页Follow the Visual Framework Used in the Preparation Outline Use the same visual fram

11、ework as your preparation outline. See instantly where you are in the speech at any given moment while you are speaking.第15页/共41页Make Sure the Outline Is Legible It should be readable at a distance. Use large lettering, leave extra space between lines, provide ample margins, and write or type on onl

12、y one side of your paper or note card.第16页/共41页Keep the Outline as Brief as Possible It should contain key words or phrases. It should be the minimum you need to jog your memory and keep you on track.第17页/共41页Give Yourself Cues for Delivering the Speech Delivery cues: directions in a speaking outlin

13、e to help a speaker remember how he or she wants to deliver key parts of the speech. One way: by underlining or highlighting key ideas that you want to be sure to emphasize.第18页/共41页 Another way: jot down on the outline explicit cues such as “pause”, “repeat”, “slow down”, “louder”, and so forth. Se

14、e APS pages 126-127: Sample Speaking Outline With Commentary.第19页/共41页Using Visual Aids As the old saying goes, one picture can be worth a thousand words. Visual images can make a speakers message more interesting, make the audience grasp it more easily , and retain it longer. 第20页/共41页Kinds of Visu

15、al Aids Objects and models. Photographs and drawings. Graphs. Charts. Video. The speaker. PowerPoint.第21页/共41页Objects and Models Model: an object, usually built to scale, that represents another object in detail. View an excerpt from “CPR”: rescue breathing, presented on Video 12.1.第22页/共41页Photogra

16、phs and Drawings Neither will work effectively unless theyre large enough for the audience to see without straining. The most effective way to show drawings and photographs is with PowerPoint. View an excerpt from “Machu Picchu: City of the Gods.第23页/共41页Graphs Graph: a visual aid used to show stati

17、stical trends and patterns. Line graph: a graph that uses one or more lines to show changes in statistics over time or space.第24页/共41页 Pie graph: a graph that highlights segments of a circle to show simple distribution patterns. Bar graph: a graph that uses vertical or horizontal bars to show compar

18、isons among two or more items.第25页/共41页Line Graph第26页/共41页Pie Graph第27页/共41页Bar Graph第28页/共41页Charts Chart: a visual aid that summarizes a large block of information, usually in list form. View the presentation of this chart (APS page 164) in “The United States: A Nation of Immigrants”.第29页/共41页Vide

19、o Make sure the video is not too long. Make sure the video is cued to start exactly where you want it. If necessary, edit the video to the precise length you need. Beware of low-resolution video. 第30页/共41页The Speaker Doing a demonstration well requires special practice to coordinate your actions wit

20、h your words and to maintain eye contact with the audience. View an excerpt from “Yoga: Uniting Body, Mind, and Spirit”.第31页/共41页PowerPointView “The Great Wall of China”. Video 12.8第32页/共41页Tips for Preparing Visual Aids Keep visual aids simple. Make sure visual aids are large enough. Use fonts that are easy to read. Use color effectively.第33页/共41页 Keep Visual Aids Simple Visual aids should be simple, clear, and to the point.第34页/共41页Make Sure Visual Aids Are Large Enough A visual aid is useless if no one can see it. Pow