orange marches

1、BY PETER , IVAN AND LESLIE 2014.03 ORANGE MARCHESORANGE MARCHESORANGE MARCHESORANGE MARCHESORANGE MARCHESWhat is What is this?this?ORANGE MARCHESTHIS IS ORANGE MARCHESORANGE MARCHESW William illiam III (of OrangeIII (of Orange)William and his wife Mary were crowned joint monarchs of England, Scotlan

2、d and Ireland in 1689. Their accession, known as the Glorious Revolution, marked an important transition towards parliamentary rule as we know it today. Williams ousting of his predecessor, the Catholic James II, ensured the primacy of the Protestant faith in Britain. His decisive victory over James

3、 at the Battle of the Boyne is celebrated annually in Northern Ireland on 12 July. In Europe, William was successful in his lifelong struggle to contain the military ambitions of Louis XIV, the Catholic king of France. In part to help finance his wars with Louis, William founded the Bank of England.

4、ORANGE MARCHES光荣革命Glorious Revolution）是英国一场和基督宗教有关的非暴力宫廷政变，发生于1688年到1689年。英国国会辉格党、托利党信奉新教之党人们联合起义；将信奉旧教的詹姆斯二世国王罢黜，改由詹姆斯之女玛丽二世与夫婿威廉三世，两伉俪君主共治英国。简介编辑1685年詹姆斯二世不顾国内普遍反对，违背以前政府制定的关于禁止天主教教徒担任公职的规矩，委任天主教徒到军队里任职。此后进而任命更多天主教徒到英国政府部门、教会、大学担任重要职务。1687年4月和1688年4月先后发布两个“信仰自由宣言”（Declaration of Indulgence 或 Decla

5、ration of Liberty of Conscience），给予包括天主教徒在内的所有非国教徒以信仰自由，并命令英国国教会的主教在各主教区教坛宣读，引起英国国教会主教们普遍反对。同时詹姆斯二世残酷迫害清教徒，还向英国工商业主要竞争者法国靠拢，危害资产阶级和新贵族利益。1688年6月20日，詹姆斯得子。其信仰英国国教的女儿玛丽，从此与宝座绝缘。当时，支持议会的辉格党人与部分托利党人为避免信奉天主教的詹姆斯二世传位给刚出生的儿子，而把詹姆士二世罢黜。罢黜詹姆士国王之后，7月由辉格党和托利党七位名人（不朽的七人）出面邀请詹姆斯二世的女婿、其女儿玛丽之丈夫荷兰执政奥兰治亲王威廉，入主英国国王宝座

6、。1688年11月5日威廉率领1.5万人，400艘运输船，53艘军舰在托尔湾登陆。詹姆斯二世仓惶出逃德意志，途中被截获送回伦敦。后经威廉伉俪同意，詹姆斯二世流亡法国。议会重掌大权，1689年1月在伦敦召开的议会全体会议上，宣布詹姆斯二世退位，由威廉和玛丽共同统治英国，称威廉三世和玛丽二世。同时国会向威廉提出权利宣言。宣言谴责詹姆斯二世破坏法律的行为；指出以后国王未经议会同意不能停止任何法律效力；不经议会同意不能征收赋税；天主教徒不能担任国王，国王不能与天主教徒结婚等。威廉接受宣言提出的要求。宣言于当年10月经议会正式批准定为法律，即权利法案。因为这场革命没有人命伤亡或受伤（即没有流血“bloo

7、dless”），故史称光荣革命。至此，代表民意之英国国会与代表君主之英国国王近半个世纪的斗争，以议会的胜利而告结束。但是，不流血只限于在英格兰的土地上，苏格兰与爱尔兰面对国王易位的大事变，许多人基于封建法规而效忠詹姆斯二世、反对威廉和玛丽的夺位。因此威廉三世为了镇压反抗，在苏格兰与爱尔兰发生激烈的流血事件，特别是在天主教占多数的爱尔兰中南部ORANGE MARCHESOrange marches comes from the 17th century battles between catholics and protestants is the protestant celebration

8、of their victory at the Battle or the Boyne (12July) in 1690. The Catholic King James II was forced off the throne in 1688. Willian of Orange ,affectionately known as King Billy ,was invited to take the throne and James was driven into exile. With the help of the French and the Irishboth Catholic na

9、tionsJames tried to retake the throne but his forces were defeated by King Billy on the banks of the Boyne River in Country Kildare ,now a part of Ireland TheTwelfth is the high point of what is known as the Marching Season, when protestant “Orangermen” take to the streets wearing their traditional

10、uniforms of bower hats ,black suits and orange sashes ,marching through the streets singing ,banging drums and playing in marching bands,The Orangemen often clash verbally, legally or sometimes violently with the catholicsar as they attept to parade through Cathlics neighbourhoods ,symbolically asse

11、rting their continued dominance over the Irish. During Orange Marches there is a massive police and army presence surrounding the parades and the atmosphere can be very tense.ORANGE MARCHESORANGE MARCHESORANGE MARCHESORANGE MARCHESORANGE MARCHESORANGE MARCHESSOME THOUGHTWHY DO THEY DO IT?For the Pro

12、testants, a successful march demonstrates their continued hold over endlessly disputed territory, town by town, street by street. They expect their right to freedom of assembly to be upheld by the law.But for most Catholics, the marches are offensive, considered mass intimidation by the Protestant m

13、ajority.ORANGE MARCHESWHOS MARCHING?The Protestant loyal orders, chiefly two groups called the Orangemen and the Apprentice Boys. Members carry hand-painted banners depicting key historical events and values, both political and religious, while groups of fife and drum often called kick the pope band

14、s play tunes ranging from the spiritual to the overtly anti-Irish.ORANGE MARCHESORANGE MARCHESORANGE MARCHESNo war, no violence,and lots of silence.St. Dominic Savio SchoolWeyburn, Saskatchewan, CanadaWe dont like it that our fathers must be soldiersand shoot other childrens fathers.EngbrottsskolanCtvidaberg, SwedenDont shoot at me, my friend,Im the same as you.a man.Varga Katalin GimnaziumSzolno