CET4考试技巧

1、四级考试基本介绍及应试技巧四级考试基本介绍w四级是由作文、听力、阅读、完型、翻译共五大部分组成。w作文15%，听力35%，阅读35%，完型10%，翻译5%。w作文限30分钟，阅读分为快速阅读10道题共10%，15分钟；仔细阅读25%，25分钟；仔细阅读又分为选词填空10道题共5%，经典阅读两篇10道题共20%。题目数、计分和考试时间列表 序号 答题纸题 号名称题目数 计分 考试时间 一-写作-15% 30一1-10快速阅读1015% 15二11-46听力理解3635% 35二47-66深度阅读2020% 25 二67-86完形填空2010% 15二87-91翻译55%5合计125大学英语四级考

2、试流程w8：509：00 试音时间w9：009：10 播放考场指令，发放作文考卷w9：10 开始作文考试w9：35 发放含有快速阅读的试题册 （但9：40才允许开始做）w9：409：55 做快速阅读w9：5510：00 收答题卡一（即作文和快速阅读） 准备听力考试w10：00 开始听力考试，电台开始放音 听力结束后完成剩余考项。w11：20 全部考试结束。 时间分配w考试时，先发作文和快速阅读，作文30限分钟，快速阅读限15分钟，时间到马上收，然后是其余部分，考试结束收，其余部分不分每部分限时，可以自由分配时间做题（包括听力部分）。w切记，应预留填涂答题卡时间。 本月复习时间安排w第一阶段：阅

3、读&听力w每天精听1-2小时，可通过听写实现w第二阶段：作文&听力w每日一篇作文，听力1小时w第三阶段：全真题及模拟题w每日一套听力考试应试策略wA.总体应试策略 w(1)预读选项 w(2)记笔记 w(3)整体理解 w通过预读选项了解了文章的话题范围，这样在听的之后就可以搜索与该话题有关的信息，前后联系，综合考虑，从而把握文章的主题。前后的关联，整体的把握对听力文章的理解至关重要，不能因为细节而忽略整体。 w 注意文章的首句。w一般文章的主题由首句提出，然后以举例、列举、比较、对照等手段，抓住首句也就掌握了文章的主题，对文章的叙事方式也就有了预测性的了解。w 抓关键词。并不是每个单词，每个句子

4、都同样的重要，有的是论点，有的是论据，有的只表示关联，更有很多是冗余信息。w 忽略。遇到难以理解的词句时不要停，而是跳过去，继续听下文，根据上下文的关系去理解文章。 w(4)推测wa. 利用出现的词汇判断对话发生的地点以及会话人之间的关系和身份、职业等。wb. 利用话题和主题知识把握全文： w文章的主题一般出现在文章的首句首句，在听时一定要注意首句的理解，然后根据首句推测文章可能会包括的内容，在听的过程注意用来说明主题的信息，进行前后的连贯思索，就可以轻松地理解全文。wB.对话部分的应试技巧w听力测试的对话内容主要是日常生活中的一般交际内容，涉及到衣、食、住、行、工作和学习等。w对话的题材主要

5、谈工作情况、职业特点、家庭计划、行为动机、事件背景、人物动态、行动意图等。1 对话部分中的常见短语与表达方式：w（1）职业与身份：wa 教师与学生w可能的场景：学生问老师问题；学生寻求老师帮助；学生询问老师对作业的意见；老师要求学生校对论文打印错误。常见词与短语：wtextbook, course, subject, homework, assignment, test, quiz, tuition（学费；讲授）, school record（成绩单）, credits（学分）, registration, quit school, term paper, thesis（毕业论文）, band

6、（乐队）, Students Union, gymnasium, homecoming（校友聚会）, dormitory, teaching building, do research for, professor, semester, work as ones teaching assistant, assistance, assist.wtrouble a professor, may I ask you a few questions; I have a class at ten;wselective/compulsory/required course; fundamental lev

7、el;wfinish reading ones research report, revise (improve) some parts of it, get it published, read some papers he recommended, correct all the typing errors in a paper, read it through again, check the paper for typing errors等。b 图书馆管理员与学生wlibrary, book for reading assignment, magazine, periodical, f

8、iction, reading room, library card, library catalogue（图书馆的图书目录）, loan desk（借书处）, journal, reference book, stacks（书库）, shelves, renew（续借 ）, due（到期的）, overdue（过期的）, close, open, weekend, weekday, check out（办登记手续后取走）, volume two (ten), borrow, on the upper shelf, a book hard to identify/ is missing, ha

9、s been misplaced, online catalogue, register desk, reference（参考文献）, keywords等。 c 营业员与顾客w常见词与短语: won sale, bargain, price, out of style（老式）, fashion, ready-made（成衣）, cloth pattern（花纹，图案）, tip, cash or charge（付现金还是记账）, pay the money on (the) receipt of goods （在货物收到时付款）, delivery, send a receipt by ret

10、urn（寄回收据）, department store, cashier, supermarket, daily necessities, check-out stand（付款柜台）, counter, receipt, shop assistant, salesman, clerk, shopaholic, retail, peddle, commission等。d 饭店与顾客w常见词与短语:wseasoning（调味品）, menu, wine, drink, food, snack, banquet-tray（餐盘）, paper napkin（纸餐巾）, go Dutch（各自付账），

11、receptionist, service counter, a single room, a double room, customer, manager, boss, well-done（全熟的）, underdone（半熟的）, medium（七八成熟）, specialty等。e 医生与病人whospital, doctor, nurse, patient, operation, ward（病房, 病区 ）, physician, medicine, medication, dose, pill, cough syrup, dress/ bind up a wound;wsurgery

12、, surgeon, physician, psychologist, psychiatrist, therapist, wclinic, hospital registers office（挂号处）, outpatient department（门诊部）, emergency department（急诊部）, emergency room, to suffer from, to give an infection, to give first-aid treatment（急诊）; winfluenza, flu, infectious disease（传染病）, measles 麻疹, pa

13、ralysis 瘫痪, allergy 过敏症, addiction 吸毒上瘾, stroke, contagion 传染病, fracture 骨折, tumor 肿瘤, diabetes 糖尿病, concussion 脑震荡, coma 昏迷, leukemia 白血病, arthritis 关节炎, bronchitis 支气管炎, pneumonia 肺炎;wstomach, skull, skeleton, intestine, spine(脊柱; 脊椎), spinal cord(脊髓)等。(2)地点与方向 a Hospitalwblood pressure, cough, fe

14、ver, a headache, pills, tablets, take ones temperature, take medicine, patient, doctor, nurse, dentist, a physical examination, physician等。wb Bankwaccount, bank clerk, current account(活期存款帐户), check, service charge, cash the cheque, saving/check account(储蓄/支票帐户)等。c Hotelwmotel, a single/double room,

15、 a suite, book a room, check in/out, register, make a reservation, lobby, Room Service, reception, front desk, porter, tip等。wd Railway stationwtrain, platform, passenger, catch a train, miss a train, fail to catch a train等。e Bus station/stopwconductor, passenger, fare, next stop, the terminal statio

16、n等。wf Airport or on planewairliner, airlines, land, take off, flight, on board, boarding card, departure, arrival, destination, cancel a flight, delay, check in, luggage, fasten the safe belt, crew(全体机务人员等)。 g Librarywlibrarian, assistant, call number(图书编目号码), book, due, overdue, return, renew, borr

17、ow, lend, latest issue, card, catalogue, fine(罚款), fiction, novel, magazine, bookshelf等。wh Movie/Theatrewfilm, movie, play, show, drama, row, seat, be on (上演，上映), performance, program, Shakespeare, Oscar等。 i Store(商店)wdepartment store, the grocers, drug store, on sale, size ,type, fashion, style, co

18、lor, cost, price, counter, brand, cash, check, assistant, purchase, change(零钱), US dollars, pounds, shelling, penny等。wj School/University(学校)wcampus, department, dean, college, professor, tutor, lecturer, headmaster, principal, academic report, textbook, semester, examination, lab, freshman, sophomo

19、re, junior, senior, undergraduate, graduate, post graduate, grade, bachelors degree, masters degree, doctors degree等。k Restaurantwmake a reservation, order(点菜), soft drink, wine, beer, brandy, whisky, dessert, salad, soup, noodle, mutton, pie, roast, fry, steam(蒸), a dish, main food, menu, pay the b

20、ill, cash, go Dutch(各付各的帐)等。wl Post officewpost, mail, postage, stamp, envelope, parcel, air-mail, EMS, registered mail, transfer(汇款), postcard, fax, telegram, cable(电报)等。 m Customs house(海关)wdeclare(报关), clear/clearance(清关), tariff(关税), pay duty on, duty free, fill in the form, article(物品), smuggli

21、ng/smuggle, drugs, illegal, legal等。wn Meetingwdeliver a speech, preside(作会议主席; 负责主持), host, chairman/chairperson, conclude, propose, suggest, for, against, agree, disagree, reinforce(加强, 加固; 补充), argue, debate, dispute(辩论; 争论), solution, decide/decision等。o Dance & partywgather, together, DJ, disco,

22、have a ball, dance with, music, band, dancer, singer, May I have the pleasure of next dance?等。wp Gas stationwpull in/out, petrol, gasoline, fill in the tank, litre, gallon等q At homewhousework, retire to bed, housewife, sitting room, bedroom, washing room, do cooking, gardening, take a rest等。wr Court

23、(法庭)wyour honor, jury, judge, justice, case, counselor, recess(休庭), lawyer, witness, victim, proof, identity, suspicion, to be executed, sentence(裁决), imprisonment, execution, laws, legal, illegal, defendant, complainant(原告)等。2. 对话部分考查的重点有： w1） 地点 w根据对话内容判断对话发生的地点或对话中所提事件发生的地点。w2） 职业、身份 w根据说话内容判断说话者

24、的身份和职业。w3）计算题 w 要求不仅能分辨不同的时间、金钱等数量概念，还应能将听到的各个数量联系起来进行加减运算。4）言外之意、弦外之音 w(1)对虚拟语气的考查 w(2)对建议的考查 w建议的常用表达方式有： wWhy not ? What do you think of ? wIf I were you/If I were in your shoes, I would wShall we ? I suggest . wYoud better/You ought to. w(3) 对话题的考查 w(4)同义表达方式的考查 w(5)上下义概念的考查 w有些问题问的是含义之类，但其实考查的是

25、对上下义关系的掌握。3.对话听力中其它考查项目，如因果、条件、否定、比较等等。wa.肯定与否定w（1）含否定语义的副词和形容词，如： hardly, barely, scarcely, rarely, little, seldom, few等。w（2）含否定语义的代词和连词， 如：nobody, nothing, neither, nor 等。w（3）含否定意义的词缀， 如：im-，un-，mis-，dis-， -less 等。w（4）含否定语义的动词、动词词组及介词词组，如：fail, miss, avoid, deny, hate, stop, refuse, doubt, far fro

26、m, anything but, instead of, rather than 等。w w（5）含too.to的结构。w（6）强调否定句，句首的否定词多数是never, little, rarely, 并且句子必须倒装，如：Never before have I., Little did they., Rarely do we.等。w (7) 双重否定句，如 not uncommon, no one can deny., not care less等。w (8) 注意缩写形式的否定读音，如： arent, dont, hasnt, werent, wasnt等。wb.具有倍数意义的名词、形容

27、词、副词或动词等wtimes，quarter ， twice，one-third/fourth，couple，discount ， half (of) ，double，twice as much/ many as 是的两倍 percentage 百分比， pair (a pair of) wc.比较与选择w asas和一样，not as/not so as 和不一样，twice (half) as as是两倍一半 三组表示同级比较。wmore/lessthan，not morethan，not/no+比较级（最高级）三组表示不等比较：“比更”。w类似词还有never better, nothi

28、ng better, than ever before, than anyone else, than anything else 等等。w其它：the more,the more表示越越，not so much as (=less than ) 与其说不如说w其它暗含的比较形式还有：动词prefer rather than/to , reduce (to)，形容词 top, favorite，句型 would rather than (宁可也不)，the last （the least likely），not the less （none the less）仍然，依然4听力中常见的疑难句式：

29、w（a）、形肯定意否定的句型（分别介绍六类）：w1、Id like toI d love to，but。表否定，重点放在but后面。如：wThe students English club is having a party on Saturday nightCan you come？wI would like to，but I work at a restaurant on weekends（1990年1月）w2、使用虚拟语气的句子。这些句子形式上是肯定的，但往往表达一种“本应该，本可以（却没有），希望”的情绪，放在一定的语言环境中表否定。如：wIf the traffic wasnt so

30、 bad，I could have been home by 6：00wWhat a pity！John was here to see you（1990年1月）（意思是如果早到家的话，就可以见到约翰了，但是事实是因为交通堵塞，没能及时回家）w3、Im sorry，。这种句型是委婉的否定，其后一般接原因。如：wHello，may I speak to John Smith， please？wIm sorry，nobody by that name works here（1990年1月）（意思是说没有叫约翰史密斯的人）w4、由形容词last构成的特殊句型。这种结构的字面意思是“是最后一个”，但真

31、正的意思是“是最不可能的”。如：wWould you like to go mountain climbing with us？wThats the last thing in the world I want to do（字面意思是爬山是这世界上我最后想做的事，反过来讲就是根本不想去爬山）w5、anything but句型。此句型在四级考试中语法与结构部分考过，如果出现在听力理解部分，应该来说比较难，但是如果我们掌握了它的基本意思“除以外的任何事物”或“根本不”，并在听的过程中多加小心的话，还是可以做对的。如：wEveryone is helping out with dinner Coul

32、d you make the soup？wAnything but that（意思是我不可能做汤） w6、由一些特殊短语构成的句型。这种短语很多，因此就需要学生平时不断地积累，这里举两个短语为例：wYoure not much of a rock and roll fan， are you？wIts far from being my favorite kind of music，thats for sure（这里的be far from短语意思是“远非”，可理解为“这根本不是我所喜欢的音乐”）w（b）、形否定意肯定的句型（分别介绍六类）：w1、Why dont youWhy not？这种句型

33、相对来说比较简单，意思是“为什么不呢？”，但我们还是应该注意它真正表达的是一个肯定概念，即“建议做某事”。如：w John，I dont know what to get for your fatherHe has just about everything，doesnt he？w Do you have any suggestions？wWhy dont you get him a pocket calculator？（1990年6月）w2、Do you mind？问句的回答用No， of course not或者Not at all。虽然字面上是否定的，w而且也理解为“不介意”，但考虑到具

34、体的语境，通常都应理解为肯定的，意思是对方可以做其想做的。w如：wDo you mind if I borrow your note？wNo，of course notThey are on my desk（1994年1月）（从侧面讲可以使用）w3、notuntil句型。此句型一般都应理解为“直到才”，因此是肯定的。如：w When can the doctor see me？wHe wont be free until tomorrow（1995年1月）（意思是直到明天才能见你）w4、notmorebetter构成的特殊句型。w此句型意思是不可能有比这样更好的情况发生了，反过来讲就是指这样很

35、好，说者对此表示赞许，所以此句型仍然表示的是肯定意思。如：wI think its high time we turned our attention to the danger of drunk driving nowwI cant agree with you moreYou see countless innocent people are killed by drunk drivers each year（1997年6月）（意思是说后者非常同意第一人的观点）w w5、Without a doubt；Dont mention it；No problem等作为回答的否定句型。这些我们常用的

36、作为回答的句型，其实在语境中通常是用作肯定的回答，意思是“没问题”，肯定是这样的。如：wDo you think we have to review the chapter of Industrial Revolution？wWithout a doubt，it will be on the exam w6、由一些除not和never之外的否定词如hardly，seldom ，scarcely，rarely等构成的句型。这种句型其实本身就应归结为否定句，但在此将其放到这里是想强调这些句子如果出现在听力理解当中，学生经常容易疏忽这些词的否定意思，因此需特别留意。如：wWhat a surpris

37、e！Tim has improved his English so much after a holiday abroadwI can hardly hear an accent（意思是几乎听不出有任何地方口音） 大学英语四级写作评分标准大学英语四级写作评分标准w大学英语四级考试大纲要求：考试时间为30分钟，至少120词的短文。w试卷上可以给出题目，或规定情境，或要求看图作文，或给出段首句要求续写，或给出题目以及中文提纲要求写短文，或给出关键词要求写成短文。w写作要求切题，能正确表达思想，意义连贯，条理通顺，无重大语言错误。写作内容包括日常生活和一般常识。w如果达不到规定的词数，酌情扣19分。

38、其中，题目所给的起始句，主题句，结束句不计入所写的总字数。w如果题目要求写三段式作文，只写一段为04分，两段为09分，文不对题或只有孤立的几个词，无法表达思想的为0分。w四级考试中，写作在百分制中满分为15分，其阅卷标准共分为五等：2，5，8，11，14。各分数段的具体标准如下：w2条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎，大部分句子均有错误，且多数为严重错误。w5基本切题，表达思想不清楚，连贯性差，有较多的语言错误。w8基本切题, 有些地方表达思想不够清楚。文字勉强连贯。语言错误相当多，其中有一些是严重错误。w11切题, 表达思想清楚，文字连贯。但有少量语言错误。w14切题，表达思想清楚，文字通顺，

39、连贯性较好，基本上没有语言错误，仅有个别小错误。w1写作步骤写作步骤 w（1）认真审题、构思w先分析题目所包含的内容和信息，把握住出题者的意图，确定文章属于哪一种体裁，思考表达文体和写作手法，将主题思想完美表达出来，然后仔细阅读作文要求、提纲或其他相关内容（如图表、图画、数字说明等），注意抓住题目和提纲中的关键词及提纲要点之间的衔接和逻辑关系，进一步考虑怎样组织段落来突出主题。 w（2） 注意篇章结构，合理布局w尽管四级作文篇幅较短（120字左右）、内容覆盖面较窄，但毕竟是一篇完整的文章，这就要求考生们写出的文章要结构健全，给人以整体感；要篇中分段，且段落划分得体，长短合理，一般以三、四段为宜

40、。w开头部分（Opening paragraph）即第一段，说出文中的要点、核心问题或对现象进行描述。w主体部分（Body paragraphs）可用一段或两段来写，主要是围绕主题展开叙述、讨论。w结尾部分（Concluding paragraph）是对全文的总结和概括或表达自己的观点。w写好文章首尾段，同时要做到全文中心突出、段落之间有机地联系，内容完整、连贯、前后呼应。w（3）收集材料, 支持主题句w材料可以是事实、例证、亲身经历、名人名言、谚语警句等。应当注意的是，所选材料要与文章的主题相符，即要“扣题”。同时要具有典型性，能充分说明问题。在有多个例证的段落中，还要注意各个例证之间的连贯

41、性。w（4）书写要整齐、规范w检查单词拼写、大小写、标点符号以及文章的时态、语态和主谓一致，避免片断句（fragment sentence）和不断句（run-on sentence）。w2段落组织段落组织w（1）开头段落w首段要引人入胜，并帮助读者抓住要领，易于领会全文；开头方法有：w引用名人名言；如：wAs the proverb goes；wIt goes without saying that；wThere is no denying that；wAs everyone knowsw数字统计；如：wAccording to a recent survey, about 789% of t

42、he college students wanted to further their study after their graduation；wA recent study shows that w描述现象现状；如：wWith the reform of Chinese higher education, more and more colleges and universities put emphasis on；wNowadays, some famous universities have become a hot tourist attraction. w对立观点陈述; 如：wSo

43、me people believe that while others argue thatw（2）主体段落w主体段落由三部分组成，也就是主题句主题句 (topic sentence) ，推展句推展句 (supporting statement) 和结论句结论句 (concluding statement) 。w主题句主题句概括段落的主要内容，它不仅确定段落的主题，而且限制该主题在本段落详细讨论的范围。因此主题句是整个段落的纲领。w推展句推展句是对主题句的论证，解释和说明，是每段的主体部分。只有写好了推展句才能使文章言之有理，具有说服力。在文章写作中，推展句的多少，长短要适中。既要把思想内容表

44、达清楚，叙述翔实，又要注意简明扼要，重点突出。句与句之间应脉络清晰，相辅相成。w结论句结论句是用来标志段落的结束，同时向读者提供记忆的要点。但并非所有的段落句都是总结句。w主体段落的写作方法有举例论证段举例论证段、对比比较段对比比较段、因果分析因果分析段段、利弊分析段利弊分析段等。w举例论证段落。w通过举出典型事例来解释作者观点，且事例可多可少。例如：wThere are cases in which people have to trade goods for the things they need. For example, a person who needs something ba

45、dly and happens to be penniless, what should he do? A good solution for him is to trade the goods he has for the things he needs. For another example, a person needs something and its owner is reluctant to sell it unless he gets the thing he wants. In such case, the person has to trade goods for wha

46、t he needs. w举例论证中常用的连接词有for example (instance) , such as, takefor example, besides, furthermore, moreover, what is more, in addition等。w举例论证中常用的句型有：wA good case in point is.wAs an illustration, we may take.wSuch examples might be given easily. w. is often cited as an example. w对比法或比较段。w将同类事物按照某种特定的规

47、则进行比较分析，通过对比更容易阐述所述对象之间的异同和优缺点。例如：wThe heart of an electronic computer lies in its vacuum tubes or transistors. Its electronic circuits work thousand times faster than the nicer cells in the human brain. A problem that might take a human being a long time to solve can be solved by a computer in one

48、minute. w常用于比较或对比的连接过渡词: more than，compared with，in contrast with，asas，be similar to，similarly，the same as，just like，just as 等。w常用于比较或对比的句型有：wThe advantages far outweigh the disadvantages.wThe advantages of A are much greater than those of B.wA may be preferable to B, but A suffers from the disadvan

49、tages that. .wIt is reasonable to maintain that.but it would be foolish to claim that. .wFor all the disadvantages, it has its compensating advantages.wLike anything else, it has its faults.wA and B have several things in common.wA bears some striking likenesses to B.wHowever, the same is not applic

50、able to B.wA is different from B in several ways.wEvidently, it has both negative and positive effects.wPeople used to think., but things are different now.wThe same is true of B.wWonderful as A is, it has its drawbacks.wIt is true that A., but the chief faults (obvious defects) are.wIndeed, A carri

51、es much weight when compared with B.w因果分析段。主体句提出现象或论点，推展句分析原因。例如：wWhy do they want odd jobs - jobs usually requiring little skill and knowledge? The primary reason, I think, is money. Feeling the financial pressure as books, movies and bus fares have all gone up in price, there is scarcely a young b

52、oy or girl who does not want to earn a little money to help cover the increasingly higher college costs, and at best save enough to go traveling or buy things they have long desired. In this way they hope to be economically independent and avoid the indignity of having to ask for money again and aga

53、in. Besides they want to gain some experience in the ways ofw常用于因果分析法的连接词有because, so, as a result, consequently，one reason, First, secondly, third, for one thing, for another thing等。w常用于说明原因的句型有：wA number of factors are accountable for this situation. /A number of factors might contribute to (lead

54、to ) , (account for ) the phenomenon (problem) . wThe answer to this problem involves many factors. wThe phenomenon mainly stems from the fact that. wThe factors that contribute to this situation include.wThe change in.largely results from the fact that. wWe may blame., but the real causes are. wPar

55、t of the explanations for it is that.wOne of the most common factors (causes) is that.wAnother contributing factor (cause) is.wPerhaps the primary factor is that. wBut the fundamental cause is that.wThe answer to this problem involves many factors. For one thing. For another. Still another.w常用于说明结果的

56、句型有：wIt may give rise to a host of problems. wThe immediate result it produces is.wIt will exercise a profound influence upon. wIts consequence can be so great that. wIt will produce a profound/far-reaching effect/impact on.wIt involves some serious consequence for.wObviously, if we ignore/are blind

57、 to the problem, there is every chance that. will be put in danger. wIt will result in.w利弊分析段。论述一个事物或现象的正反两面或利弊。例如：wSome people think that television keeps one better informed about current events, allows one to follow the latest developments in politics and science, and offers an endless series of

58、programs which are both instructive and stimulating. However, other people insist that television is a curse rather than a blessing. They argue that it has brought about many serious problems. The major one is its effects on young people. They are now so used to getting their information, education

59、and entertainment from television that their literacy as well as physical ability has been greatly weakened. w表示好处的常用句型有：wIt has the following advantages. wIt does us a lot of good. wIt benefits us quite a lot. wIt is beneficial to us. wIt is of great benefit to us. w 表示坏处的常用句型有：wIt has more disadva

60、ntages than advantages. wIt does us much harm. wIt is harmful to us. w此外还有意义阐释段（概念，图表）、分类段和现象描述段等。w（3）结尾段。w结尾段与首段一样重要，根据内容和写作意图设计各种各样的结尾，可以是归纳结论、表达自己观点态度、预测趋势和建议措施等。例如：wObviously, we can draw the conclusion that. wThus, it can be concluded that.wTherefore, we can find that.wIt is high time that. wAc