Period 6 Grammar

1、The -ing form as the Subject and ObjectGrammarPeriod 5Enjoy an English song. LOVE-By John LennonnLove is real; real is love. Love is _; _ love. Love is _ to be loved.nLove is touch; touch is love. Love is _; _ love. Love is _ to be loved.nLove is you, you and me. Love is _ we can be. nLove is free;

2、free is love. Love is _; _ love. Love is _ to be loved.feelingfeelingwantingreachingreachingaskingknowingleavingleavingneedingHave you ever seen these signs?parking, spitting, littering, smoking-ing formsSince then, finding ways to grow more rice has been his life goal.As a young man, he saw the gre

3、at need for increasing the rice output.Yuan Longping searched for a way to increase rice harvests without expanding the area of the fields.However, he doesnt care about being famous.He enjoys listening to violin music, playing mah-jong, swimming and reading.Spending money on himself or leading a com

4、fortable life also means very little to him.Just dreaming for things, however, costs nothing.He awoke from his dream with the hope of producing a kind of rice that could feed more people.n动词动词 -ing形式是动词的一种形式是动词的一种非谓语形式非谓语形式，由，由动词原形加动词原形加 -ing构成，包括构成，包括 现在分词现在分词和和 动动名词名词。可以在句子中用作。可以在句子中用作主语、表语、宾语主语、表

5、语、宾语、宾语补语、状语和定语、宾语补语、状语和定语。不能单独作谓语不能单独作谓语, 没有没有人称和数人称和数的变化的变化, 但但可以有自己的宾语可以有自己的宾语和状语和状语, 还还有有时态和语态时态和语态的变化，也的变化，也有否定有否定式式。动词动词-ing形式形式 动词动词-ing形式起名词作用时形式起名词作用时, 称为称为动名词动名词。它同时具有它同时具有名词和动词名词和动词的特征的特征, 在句中可以作在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语主语、宾语、表语等。等。否定形式否定形式: not + doing / not + being done/ not + having done / not +

6、having been donehaving donehaving been donehaving done完成式doing being done doing 一般式主主 动动被被 动动主主 动动形式不及物动词不及物动词动动 词词 及及 物物 类类 别别 一、动词一、动词-ing形式作主语形式作主语 表示经常的、习惯性的动作或状态表示经常的、习惯性的动作或状态,谓语动词通谓语动词通常用常用单数单数。Seeing is believing.Walking after supper is a good habit. Going to Hangzhou by train takes about 16

7、 hours. 2. 动词动词-ing形式作主语时常后置形式作主语时常后置, 此时此时须用须用it作作形式主语形式主语, 用形容词或名词作表语。构成用形容词或名词作表语。构成It +be +adj./n. doing sth.或或There be + n.+ doing sth.归纳归纳: 常用常用-ing形式作主语的句型有：形式作主语的句型有：nIt +be +a waste of time doing 做做是浪费时间的是浪费时间的nIt is/was no good/use doing 做做是没用处的是没用处的nIt is/was hardly/scarcely worth doing 做

8、做不值得不值得nIt is/was worth/worthwhile doing 做做是值得的是值得的nThere is no doing 无法无法; 不允许不允许nThere is no sense in doing 做做没有道理没有道理nThere is/was no use doing 干干没有用没有用 nThere is/was nothing worse than doing 没有比没有比更糟的更糟的nThere is/was no point doing 干干无意义无意义Its no use crying over spilt milk.覆水难收。覆水难收。Its a waste

9、of time talking about such a useless thing. 谈论这样无用的事情简直是浪费时间。谈论这样无用的事情简直是浪费时间。It is worthwhile discussing the question.这个问题值得讨论。这个问题值得讨论。Its dangerous swimming in the sea on windy days.有风的天气在海里游泳是危险的。有风的天气在海里游泳是危险的。 There was no knowing where we would go.我们不知道要去哪儿。我们不知道要去哪儿。There is no point doing s

10、uch a silly thing.做这件傻事毫无意义。做这件傻事毫无意义。There is no joking about such matter.这种事开不得玩笑。这种事开不得玩笑。注意注意: : There is no need to do sth 干干没必要没必要,在此句式中在此句式中to do不可换为不可换为doing。There is no need to tell her.没有必要告诉她。没有必要告诉她。动名词动名词动名词作主语表示动名词作主语表示泛指的泛指的经常性经常性、习习惯性惯性的动作。的动作。不定式不定式不定式作主语表示不定式作主语表示具体的具体的或或一次性一次性的的动作

11、。动作。【名师点津名师点津】动词动词-ing形式与不定式作主语的区别形式与不定式作主语的区别Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes.To drive on such a foggy day is dangerous.当动词当动词-ing 作主语时作主语时, 其其逻辑主语逻辑主语由由形容词形容词性物主代词和名词所有格性物主代词和名词所有格构成。构成。My sisters being ill made me worried.我姐姐病了我姐姐病了, 使我很担心。使我很担心。Toms coming home late worries his mother.温

12、馨提示温馨提示完成句子完成句子小心点，玩刀子很危险。小心点，玩刀子很危险。Be careful！ is dangerous.这部电影值得再看一次。这部电影值得再看一次。The film is worth .试图说服他戒烟是浪费时间。试图说服他戒烟是浪费时间。It is persuade him to stop smoking.睡觉前吃太多没有好处。睡觉前吃太多没有好处。It is no good before going to bed.Playing with a knifeseeing a second timea waste of time trying toeating too much

13、二、动名词作宾语二、动名词作宾语 动名词作宾语有动名词作宾语有两种两种情况。情况。1. 某些动词或动词短语后只能接动名词作某些动词或动词短语后只能接动名词作宾语。宾语。常见动词有：常见动词有：consider, suggest/ advise, excuse/pardon, admit, delay, avoid, miss, keep, practice, finish, enjoy/ appreciate, forbid, imagine, risk, mind, allow/ permit, escape等。等。只能用动名词做宾语的动词记忆口诀只能用动名词做宾语的动词记忆口诀 考虑建议盼

14、原谅，承认推迟和想象，考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟和想象，避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏，避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏，禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准逃亡，禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准逃亡，难以忍受始反对，想要成功坚持忙，难以忍受始反对，想要成功坚持忙，习惯放弃有困难，导致专心防道歉。习惯放弃有困难，导致专心防道歉。 n考虑建议盼原谅考虑建议盼原谅：consider, suggest/advise, look forward to, excuse/pardonn承认推迟和想象承认推迟和想象：admit, delay/put off, fancy(想象；喜爱；设想；自负想象；喜爱；设想；自负)n避免错过

15、继续练避免错过继续练：avoid, miss, keep/keep on, practicen否认完成就欣赏否认完成就欣赏：deny（否定，否认；拒绝（否定，否认；拒绝给予；拒绝给予；拒绝的要）的要）, finish, enjoy/ appreciaten禁止想象才冒险禁止想象才冒险：forbid, imagine, riskn不禁介意准逃亡不禁介意准逃亡：cant help, mind, allow/ permit, escape. n难以忍受始反对难以忍受始反对：cant stand(难以忍受难以忍受)，set about 开始，着手，开始，着手，object ton想要成功坚持忙想要成功

16、坚持忙：feel like(想要想要)，succeed in (成功成功)，stick to(坚持坚持) ，insist on(坚持，强坚持，强调，坚决要求调，坚决要求) ，be busy (in)(忙于做某事忙于做某事)n 习惯放弃有困难：习惯放弃有困难：be used/accustomed to(习习惯于惯于)， give up(放弃放弃), have difficulty/ trouble (in), (做某事有困难做某事有困难)n导致专心防道歉导致专心防道歉：lead to(导致导致), devote to(将将奉献给；把奉献给；把专用于专用于) , prevent from(预防，防

17、止预防，防止)，apologize for(为为道歉道歉)nHe admitted having taken the money. 他承认拿了那笔钱。他承认拿了那笔钱。nIt was impossible to avoid being affected. 要想不受影响是不可能的。要想不受影响是不可能的。nShe burst out crying (laughing, singing). 她突然哭她突然哭(笑，唱笑，唱)起来。起来。nIve often considered studying abroad. 我经常在想出国留学。我经常在想出国留学。nThey have put off leavi

18、ng. 他们已推迟动身。他们已推迟动身。She enjoys helping her parents with the housework. 她喜欢帮她母亲做家务。她喜欢帮她母亲做家务。nThere is no way to escape doing the work. 没有办法逃脱做这项工作。没有办法逃脱做这项工作。nPlease excuse my opening your letter by mistake. 请原谅我误拆了你的信。请原谅我误拆了你的信。nThere was a deadly silence after she finished speaking. 她说完话后是一片沉默。

19、她说完话后是一片沉默。nPlease forgive my interrupting. 请原谅我打扰了。请原谅我打扰了。nThe doctor told me to give up smoking. 医生叫我戒烟。医生叫我戒烟。nCan you imagine living without electricity? 你能想象没有电的生活吗你能想象没有电的生活吗?nMy shoe laces keep coming undone. 我的鞋带老是松开。我的鞋带老是松开。nNobody mentioned going there helping her. 没有人提到要去那儿帮助她。没有人提到要去那儿

20、帮助她。nWe dont mind waiting. 我们不介意等候。我们不介意等候。nHe just missed being struck. 他险些儿被打着。他险些儿被打着。nThey are practising singing the new song. 他们正在练习唱新歌。他们正在练习唱新歌。nWere willing to risk losing our jobs. 我们愿冒失业的危险。我们愿冒失业的危险。nHe suggested going together in one car. 他建议大家一起坐一辆汽车去。他建议大家一起坐一辆汽车去。nI just cant underst

21、and his /him stealing the money. 我简直无法理解他为什么要偷钱。我简直无法理解他为什么要偷钱。注意：注意：动词动词need, require, want意为意为“需要需要”时时,后跟动词后跟动词-ing形式的主动式或不定式形式的主动式或不定式的被动式作宾语，意义没有区别。的被动式作宾语，意义没有区别。The window needs/requires/wants cleaning.窗户需要擦了。窗户需要擦了。= The window needs/requires/wants to be cleaned.2. 有些动词后既可接动名词又可接不定式作宾有些动词后既可接

22、动名词又可接不定式作宾语。语。常见的有常见的有: begin, start, continue, like, love, prefer, mean, forget, remember, hate等。等。 在在like, love, hate, prefer等动词之后，用等动词之后，用-ing或不定式意义上没有什么不同或不定式意义上没有什么不同, 只是侧重点有只是侧重点有些不同些不同, 动名词动名词表示表示泛指泛指的动作的动作, 不定式不定式表示表示具具体的一次性体的一次性动作。动作。B. 在在begin/start, continue之后之后, 用动名词和用动名词和不定式不定式, 意义无甚区别

23、意义无甚区别, 尤其是当主语是人的尤其是当主语是人的时候。时候。 C. 在动词在动词forget, remember, regret之后之后, 用用动名词与不定式意义不同。动名词表示动作动名词与不定式意义不同。动名词表示动作先于谓语发生先于谓语发生,不定式表示后于谓语动作。不定式表示后于谓语动作。I remember posting the letterIll remember to post the letterDont forget to write to your mother I shall never forget seeing the famous writer我永远不会忘记见到过

24、那位著名作家。我永远不会忘记见到过那位著名作家。I regret missing the report我真后悔没赶上那次报告会。我真后悔没赶上那次报告会。I regret to say I cant take your advice我遗憾地告诉你我不能接受你的建议。我遗憾地告诉你我不能接受你的建议。D. 在在try, mean之后之后, 意义各不相同意义各不相同, 如如try to do (设法设法), try doing (试试试试), mean to do (打算打算, 有意要做有意要做), mean doing (意思是意思是, 意味着意味着)。我们必须设法及时把一切搞好。我们必须设法及

25、时把一切搞好。 We must try to get everything done in time我们用别的方法做这工作试试。我们用别的方法做这工作试试。 Lets try doing the work in some other way我并不想叫你生气。我并不想叫你生气。I didnt mean to make you angry你的计划意味着要花费几个小时。你的计划意味着要花费几个小时。 Your plan would mean spending hoursE. go on doing 和和go on to do的区别：的区别：请接着做这同一个练习。请接着做这同一个练习。Please g

26、o on doing the same exercise请做另外一个练习。请做另外一个练习。Please go on to do the other exerciseF. stop doing与与stop to do的区别：的区别：我们停止了交谈。我们停止了交谈。We stopped talking我们停了下来去谈话。我们停了下来去谈话。We stopped to talkgo on doing 继续做原来做的事继续做原来做的事go on to do 接着做另一件事接着做另一件事 mean doing 意味着要做某事意味着要做某事mean to do 想要做某事想要做某事 stop doing

27、 停止做某事停止做某事stop to do 停下来停下来(别的事别的事)开始做某事开始做某事比较异同比较异同try doing 试着做某事试着做某事try to do 努力做某事努力做某事be used to doing 习惯于做某事习惯于做某事 be used to do 被用来做某事被用来做某事cant help doing 禁不住做某事禁不住做某事cant help to do 不能帮助做某事不能帮助做某事3. 作介词宾语作介词宾语动名词可与介词一起构成介词短语。动名词可与介词一起构成介词短语。Thank you for helping me with my luggage.The bo

28、y devoted much of his spare time to playing computer games. I apologize for being so rude to you.Instead of smiling, each of them made a faceShe was very interested in working for our company注意：注意：下列短语中的下列短语中的to都是都是介词介词, 所以后面跟所以后面跟名词名词或或动名词动名词: be used to , devote to, pay attention to, get down to, lead t