考研心理学专业名词中英文对照表(共32页)

1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上考研心理学专业名词中英文对照表(一)感觉记忆（SM）sensory memory短期记忆（STM）short-term M.长期记忆（LTM）long-term memory复诵rehearsal预示（激发）priming童年失忆症childhood amnesia视觉编码（表征）visual code（representation）听觉编码acoustic code运作记忆working memory语意性知识semantic knowledge记忆扫瞄程序memory scanning procedure竭尽式扫瞄程序-exhaustive S.P.自我终止式扫瞄

2、self-terminated S.程序性知识procedural knowledge命题（陈述）性知识propositional（declarative）knowledge情节（轶事）性知识episodic K.讯息处理深度depth of processing精致化处理elaboration登录特殊性coding specificity记忆术mnemonic位置记忆法method of loci字钩法peg word（线）探索（测）（激发）字prime关键词key word命题思考propositional thought心像思考imaginal thought行动思考motoric th

3、ought概念concept原型prototype属性property特征feature范例策略exemplar strategy语言相对性（假说）linguistic relativity th.音素phoneme词素morpheme（字词的）外延与内涵意义denotative & connotative meaning（句子的）表层与深层结构surface & deep structure语意分析法semantic differential全句语言holophrastic speech过度延伸over-extension电报式语言telegraphic speech关键期c

4、ritical period差异减缩法difference reduction方法目的分析means-ends analysis倒推working backward动机motive自由意志free will决定论determinism本能instinct种属特有行为species specific驱力drive诱因incentive驱力减低说drive reduction th.恒定状态（作用）homeostasis原级与次级动机primary & secondary M.功能独立functional autonomy下视丘侧部（LH）lateral hypothalamus脂肪细胞说

5、fat-cell theory.下视丘腹中部（VMH）ventromedial H定点论set point th.CCK胆囊调节激素第一性征primary sex characteristic第二性征secondary sex characteristic自我效能期望self-efficiency expectancy内在（发）动机intrinsic motive外在（衍）动机extrinsic motive成就需求N. achievement需求层级hierarchy of needs自我实现self actualization冲突conflict多项仪polygraph肤电反应GSR（认知

6、）评估（cognitive appraisal）脸部回馈假说facial feedback hypothesis（生理）激发arousal挫折-攻击假说frustration-aggression hy.替代学习vicarious learning考研心理学专业名词中英文对照表(二)发展development先天nature后天nurture成熟maturation（视觉）偏好法preferential method习惯法habituation视觉悬崖visual cliff剥夺或丰富（环境）deprivation or enrichment of env.基模schema同化assimila

7、tion调适accommodation平衡equilibrium感觉动作期sensorimotor stage物体永久性objective permanence运思前期preoperational st.保留概念conservation道德现实主义moral realism具体运思期concrete operational形式运思期formal operational st.前俗例道德pre-conventional moral俗例道德conventional moral超俗例道德post-conventional moral气质temperament依附attachment性别认定gende

8、r identity性别配合sex typing性蕾期phallic stage恋亲冲突Oedipal conflict认同identification社会学习social learning情结complex性别恒定gender constancy青年期adolescence青春期 -puberty第二性征secondary sex characteristics认同危机identity crisis定向统合identity achievement早闭型统合foreclosure未定型统合moratorium迷失型统合identity diffusion传承generativity心理动力ps

9、ycho-dynamics心理分析psychoanalysis行为论behaviorism心理生物观psycho-biological perspective认知cognition临床心理学家-clinical psychologist谘商counseling人因工程human factor engineering组织organization潜意识unconsciousness完形心理学Gestalt psychology感觉sensation知觉perception实验法experimental method独变项independent variable依变项dependent V.控制变项

10、control V.生理physiology条件化conditioning学习learning比较心理学comparative psy.发展development社会心理学social psy.人格personality心理计量学psychometrics受试（者）subject实验者预期效应experimenter expectancy effect双盲法doubleblind实地实验field experiment相关correlation调查survey访谈interview个案研究case study观察observation心理测验psychological test纹理递变度tex

11、ture gradient注意attention物体的组群grouping of object型态辨识pattern recognition形象-背景figure-ground接近律proximity相似律similarity闭合律closure连续律continuity对称律symmetry错觉illusion幻觉delusion恒常性constancy大小size形状shape位置 location单眼线索monocular cue线性透视linear- perspective双眼线索binocular cue深度depth调节作用accommodation重迭superposition双

12、眼融合binocular fusion辐辏作用convergence双眼像差binocular disparity向度 dimension自动效应autokinetic effect运动视差 motion parallax诱发运动 induced motion闪光运动 stroboscopic motion上下文脉络-context人工智能artificial intelligence A.I.脉络关系作用-context effect模板匹配template matching整合分析法analysis-by-synthesis丰富性redundancy选择性selective无意识的推论-u

13、nconscious inferences运动后效motion aftereffect特征侦测器feature detector激发性excitatory抑制性inhibitory几何子geons由上而下处理up-down process由下而上处理bottom-up process连结者模式connectionist model联结失识症associative agnosia脸孔辨识困难症prosopagnosia意识conscious（ness）意识改变状态altered states of consciousness无意识unconsciousness前意识preconsciousnes

14、s内省法introspection边缘注意peripheral attention多重人格multiple personality午餐排队（鸡尾酒会）效应lunch line（cocktail party） effect自动化历程automatic process解离dissociate解离认同失常dissociative identity disorder快速眼动睡眠REM dream非快速眼动睡眠NREM dream神志清醒的梦lucid dreaming考研心理学专业名词中英文对照表(三)显性与隐性梦manifest & latern content心理活动性psychoacti

15、ve冥想meditation抗药性tolerance戒断withdrawal感觉剥夺sensory deprivation物质滥用substance abuse成瘾physical addiction物质依赖sub. dependence戒断症状withdrawal symptom兴奋剂stimulant幻觉（迷幻）剂hallucinogen镇定剂sedative抑制剂depressant酒精中毒引起谵妄delirium tremens麻醉剂narcotic催眠hypnosis催眠后暗示posthypnotic suggestion催眠后失忆posthypnotic amnesia超心理学pa

16、rapsychology超感知觉extrasensory perception ESP心电感应telepathy超感视clairvoyance预知precognition心理动力psycokinesis PK受纳器receptor绝对阈absolute threshold差异阈difference threshold恰辨差-JND韦伯律Weber''s law心理物理psychophysical费雪纳定律Fechner''s law频率frequency振幅amplitude音频pitch基音fundamental tone倍音overtone和谐音harmon

17、ic音色timbre白色噪音white noise鼓膜eardrum耳蜗cochlea卵形窗oval window圆形窗round window前庭vestibular sacs半规管semicircular canals角膜cornea水晶体lens虹膜iris瞳孔pupil网膜retina睫状肌ciliary muscle调节作用accommodation脊髓spinal cord反射弧reflex arc脑干brain stem计算机轴性线断层扫描CAT或CTPET正子放射断层摄影MRI磁共振显影延脑medulla桥脑pons小脑cerebellum网状结构reticular forma

18、tionRAS网状活化系统视丘thalamus下视丘hypothalamus大脑cerebrum脑（下）垂体（腺）pituitary gland脑半球cerebral hemisphere皮质cortex胼胝体corpus callosum边缘系统limbic system海马体hippocampus杏仁核amygdala中央沟central fissure侧沟lateral fissure脑叶lobe同卵双生子identical twins异卵双生子fraternal twins古典制约classical conditioning操作制约operant conditioning非制约刺激（U

19、S unconditioned stimulus非制约反应（UR）unconditioned R.制约刺激（CS）conditioned S.制约反应（CR）conditioned R.习（获）得acquisition增强作用reinforcement消除（弱）extinction自（发性）然恢复spontaneous recovery前行制约forward conditioning同时制约simultaneous conditioning回溯制约backward cond.痕迹制约trace conditioning延宕制约delay conditioning类化（梯度）generaliza

20、tion（gradient）区辨discrimination（次级）增强物（secondary）reinforcer嫌恶刺激aversive stimulus试误学习trial and error learning效果率law of effect正（负）性增强物positive（negative）rei.行为塑造behavior shaping循序渐进successive approximation自行塑造autoshaping部分（连续）增强partial（continuous）R定比（时）时制fixed ratio（interval）schedule FR或FI变化比率（时距）时制vari

21、able ratio（interval）schedule VR或VI逃离反应escape R.回避反应avoidance response习得无助learned helplessness顿悟insight学习心向learning set隐内（潜在）学习latent learning认知地图cognitive map生理回馈biofeedback敏感递减法-systematic desensitization普里迈克原则Premack''s principle洪水法flooding观察学习observational learning动物行为学ethology敏感化sensitiz

22、ation习惯化habituation联结association认知学习cognitional L.观察学习observational L.登录编码encoding保留储存retention提取retrieval回忆（free recall全现心像照相式记忆eidetic imageryphotographic memory .舌尖现象（TOT）tip of tongue再认recognition再学习relearning节省分数savings外显与内隐记忆explicit & implicit memory记忆广度memory span组集chunk序列位置效应serial posi

23、tion effect起始效应primacy effect新近效应recency effect心（情）境依赖学习state-dependent L.无意义音节nonsense syllable顺向干扰proactive interference逆向干扰retroactive interference闪光灯记忆flashbulb memory动机性遗忘motivated forgetting器质性失忆症organic amnesia阿兹海默症Alzheimer''s disease近事（顺向）失忆症anterograde amnesia旧事（逆向）失忆retrograde A.高

24、沙可夫症候群korsakoff''s syndrome凝固理论consolidation考研心理学专业名词中英文对照表(三)失眠insomnia显性与隐性梦manifest & latern content心理活动性psychoactive冥想meditation抗药性tolerance戒断withdrawal感觉剥夺sensory deprivation物质滥用substance abuse成瘾physical addiction物质依赖sub. dependence戒断症状withdrawal symptom兴奋剂stimulant幻觉（迷幻）剂hallucinog

25、en镇定剂sedative抑制剂depressant酒精中毒引起谵妄delirium tremens麻醉剂narcotic催眠hypnosis催眠后暗示posthypnotic suggestion催眠后失忆posthypnotic amnesia超心理学parapsychology超感知觉extrasensory perception ESP心电感应telepathy超感视clairvoyance预知precognition心理动力psycokinesis PK受纳器receptor绝对阈absolute threshold差异阈difference threshold恰辨差-JND韦伯律W

26、eber''s law心理物理psychophysical费雪纳定律Fechner''s law频率frequency振幅amplitude音频pitch基音fundamental tone倍音overtone和谐音harmonic音色timbre白色噪音white noise鼓膜eardrum耳蜗cochlea卵形窗oval window圆形窗round window前庭vestibular sacs半规管semicircular canals角膜cornea水晶体lens虹膜iris瞳孔pupil网膜retina睫状肌ciliary muscle调节作用ac

27、commodation脊髓spinal cord反射弧reflex arc脑干brain stem计算机轴性线断层扫描CAT或CTPET正子放射断层摄影MRI磁共振显影延脑medulla桥脑pons小脑cerebellum网状结构reticular formationRAS网状活化系统视丘thalamus下视丘hypothalamus大脑cerebrum脑（下）垂体（腺）pituitary gland脑半球cerebral hemisphere皮质cortex胼胝体corpus callosum边缘系统limbic system海马体hippocampus杏仁核amygdala中央沟centr

28、al fissure侧沟lateral fissure脑叶lobe同卵双生子identical twins异卵双生子fraternal twins古典制约classical conditioning操作制约operant conditioning非制约刺激（US unconditioned stimulus非制约反应（UR）unconditioned R.制约刺激（CS）conditioned S.制约反应（CR）conditioned R.习（获）得acquisition增强作用reinforcement消除（弱）extinction自（发性）然恢复spontaneous recovery前

29、行制约forward conditioning同时制约simultaneous conditioning回溯制约backward cond.痕迹制约trace conditioning延宕制约delay conditioning类化（梯度）generalization（gradient）区辨discrimination（次级）增强物（secondary）reinforcer嫌恶刺激aversive stimulus试误学习trial and error learning效果率law of effect正（负）性增强物positive（negative）rei.行为塑造behavior shaping循序渐进successive approximation自行塑造autoshaping部分（连续）增强partial（continuous）R定比（时）时制fixed ratio（interval）schedule