2021届北京市清华大学中学生标准学术能力诊断性测试高三11月测试英语试题(解析版)

1、中学生标准学术能力诊断性测试2020年11月测试英语试卷第一部分阅读理解（共两节，满分60分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题3分，满分45分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并 在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AAutumn is great for European walking: paths are mud-free, temperatures are mild, crowds are few and beautiful colors abound.The following are four European adventures to walk your wa

2、y through autumn.The unknown CilentoSouth of Italys Amalfi Coast hides a much less discovered wonderland.After stoppmg to view die marvelous Greek temple remains at Paestuni Sherpas next destination concentrates on the Cilento National Park first following its rugged seashore past the occasional myr

3、tle grove （小树 林）.and sandy beach, then leaving modernity behind and venturing inland to medieval （中世纪的） hilltop towns.Home-cooked dinners conclude exciting days of goat tracks and ghost villages before a scenic path leads back to the seaside.Four nights 630 half board, including transport, luggage t

4、ransfers and walking notes.Last departure October 31.TYirkish delightsFollow an impressive section of Turkeys expansive Lyciaii Way, gradually moving from cliffs to coastluie.Yoifll begm in pme-filled peaks, typically on shaded paths to sea views, and stop at both a pool-boastiiig upscale hotel and

5、one of the Yanartas regions ever-buming flames - possibly fueled by a monster below.A fine fish restaurant comes next, then a mile-long sandy beach ahead of two days on lonely Cape Gelidonya, finishing by its lighthouse.Six nights 790, including ten other meals, transport, luggage transfers and walk

6、ing notes.Last departure in early November.Carpathian clambersPoland and Slovakia are separated by the Carpathian Mountains and their large forest-filled valleys.Starting and ending in Krakow, this trip covers both countries.Some days include the option of climbing to snowy peaks or taking easier, l

7、ower-altitude options, and youll likely meet theGorals a culturally-distinct group known as luglilanders,.Most memorable activity will be walking along the 300m-high Dunajec River to spa town Szczawnica.Seven nights 630, including transport, luggage transfers and walking notes.Last departure October

8、 24.Flowers and fetaGreeces Pelion Peninsula is a place known as the Land of the Centaurs （人首马身的怪物） for its association with the mythological horse-human hybrids.Between villages of whitewashed, flower-decorated stone houses, walkers can follow old paths onto mountainsides, and wander through olive

9、groves or beside the glittering Aegean Sea.Some days yield swimming opportunities, and others the chance to recharge in a local pub of some bean soup and feta-cheese bread.Seven nights 535, including transport, luggage transfers and walking notes.Last departure October 23. 1. What can you do when yo

10、u are in the unknown Cilento?A. Swim in a pool.B. Have a spa.C. Explore medieval towns.D. Walk through olive groves.2. Which destination is your best choice if you intend to travel to Europe after October?A. Turkey.B. Cilento.C. GreeceD. Krakow.3. Which of the following is tnie according to the pass

11、age?A. It is a monster that fuels the fire in Yanartas region.B. Meals are free when you are taking the first adventure.C. You can enjoy a spa from Gorals in the town Szczawnica.D. Bean soup can be served in die pub of Greeces Pelion Peninsula.【答案】l.c 2.A 3.D【解析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了秋天的四个欧洲之旅。【1题详解】细自理解题

12、o 根据 The unknown Cilento 部分leaving modernity behind and venturing inland to medieval （中世纪的）hilltop towns.”可知，把现代化抛住脑后，去内陆的中世纪山顶城镇冒 险。由此可知，在unknown Cilento可以探索中世纪的城镇。故选C。【2题详解】推理判断题。根据 Turkish delights 部分Last departure in early November.、（最后一次出发在 十一月初），其他几个线路最后一次出发的时间都在十月份，所以如果打算在十月份后去欧洲旅行，最好选择的目的地是“

13、Turkish delights”，也就是土耳其，故选A。3题详解】细打理解题 o 根据 Flowers and feta 部分“Greeces Pelion Peninsula is a place known as the Land of the Centaurs (人首马身的怪物) for its association with the mythological horse-human hybrids”(希腊佩利翁半岛是一个被称为“人首马身的怪物之地”的地方，因为它与神话中 的 马人混 血儿有关)和Some days yield swimming oppommities, and ot

14、liers the chance to recharge in a local pub of some bean soup and feta-cheese bread.(有些日子有游泳的机会，有 些日子则有机会在当地的酒吧里喝豆汤、吃羊乳酪面包)，可知D选项“希腊佩利翁半岛的 酒吧可以供应豆汤”这一表述正确，故选D。BLou Gehrig (1903-1941) was a baseball player with the New York Yankees for 17 seasons. He was a powerfill hitter kno7rli as The Iron Horse二

15、Gelirig was a strong, tougli and very moral man. His father was often out-of-work because he was an alcoholic and his mother was a maid. His two sisters and only brother died young.As a young boy, Gehrig helped his mother with her work.However, he never let his tough start hold him back. He started

16、playing for the Yankees in 1923 after attending Columbia University, setting many major league records during his career. This included the most consecutive games played (2130 games), a record only broken 56 years later in 1995.Sadly, at the age of 36, he started to tire mid-season and his speed and

17、 cooperation ability faded. He resigned. Soon after he was diagnosed with a form of motor neuron disease named amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). He delivered his farewell-to-baseball speech to his teammates and fans on 4 July of the same year at the Yankee Stadium.After his speech, the crowd stoo

18、d and clapped for almost two minutes. The New York Times reported that it was “one of the most touching scenes ever witnessed on a ball field*. Gelirig died two years later of the disease. This increased awareness of the disease and its symptoms; in North America it is still commonly known as Lou Ge

19、hrig s disease . The Lou Gelirig Memorial Award is given each year to the Major League Baseball player who best exlubits Gehrig s integrity and character.4. When did Lou Gehrig give his speech?A. in 1903.B. in 1923.C. in 1939.D. in 1940.5. are the audience for Lous speech?A. His family.B. His friend

20、s.C. His opponents.D. Hissupporters.6. Why is the illness known as Lou Gehrigs disease ?A. Lou Gehrig named the disease.B. This disease is related to playing baseball.C. People get to know the disease due to Lou Gehrig.D. The disease had never appeared before Lou Gehrig caught it.7. What word can be

21、st describe Lou Gehrig according to the passage?A. Determined and persistent.B. Emotional and patient.C. Wealthy and humorous.D. Gentle and generous.【答案】4.C5.D6.C7. A【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了著名棒球运动员LouGehrig,包括他的家庭背景、在棒球领域 的成就和以及对人们的影响等。【4题详解】细节理解题。由第二段第一句中“at die age of 36”和最后一句He delivered his farewell-to

22、-baseball speech to his teammates and fans on 4 July of the same year at the Yankee Stadium: （同年7月4日，他在洋基球场向他的队友和球迷发表了告别棒球的演讲。）可知 Lou Gehrig 演讲时是 36 岁,再由一段第一句中 “Lou Gehrig （1903-1941）” 可知,Lou Gehrig 出生于1903年，他36岁时，应该是1939年。故选C项。【5题详解】细门理解题。由第二段最后一句He delivered his farewell-to-baseball speech to his

23、teammates and fans on 4 July of the same year at the Yankee Stadium.（同年 7 月 4 日，他在洋基球场向 他的队友和球迷发表了告别棒球的演讲可知，Lou Gehrig演讲时的观众是他的队友和球 迷，这些人都是他的支持者。故选D项。【6题详解】细 ij理解题 由第三段第三、四句Gehng died two years later of the disease.Tliis increased awareness of the disease and its symptoms; in North America it is sti

24、ll commonly known as *Lou Gelirig,sdisease （两年后，Gehrig死于这种疾病。这提高了人们对这种疾病及其症状的认识：在北美，（现在）它仍然通常被称为“卢伽雷氏病” 。）可知，Gehrig之死，提高了人们对这种病的认识，所以人们开始了解这种疾病是由于Lou Gehrig。故选C项。【7题详解】 推理判断题。由第一段第二、三句He was a powerfill hitter known as The Iron Horse”. Gehrig was a strong, tough and very moral man.（他是一位被称为“铁马”的强力击球手

25、。格里克 是一个强壮、坚强、道德高尚的人。）以及 “However, he never let his tough start hold him back.M（然而，他从未让艰难的开始阻碍他）可以推断，他是个意志坚强，坚持不懈的人。A项“坚 定且坚持不懈”符合题意。故选A项。We know that the pandemic（流行病）has had a far-reaching impact on our minds so much so that it may have changed the very fabric of our society altogether. Mental hea

26、lth professionals think that those with social anxiety will not emerge from the pandemic unaffectcd.Counselling Directory member Beverley Blackman says, “For people with social anxiety, lockdown will make them deeply anxious in one way, and yet a relief in another/ He added. On one hand, a person wi

27、tli social anxiety may feci relieved that they no longer have to socialize in person, but they may also feel that they have lost the opportunity to socialize with the people they feel safe and secure spending time with. meaning that they feel a new level of isolation and a different level of anxiety

28、 about socializing in any form.Without the security of those they feel safe with, self-confidence may very well decrease rapidly.Lockdown may have had a negative impact on those with social anxiety.”Dr Daria J.Kuss, associate professor in psychology at Nottingham Trent University, says: Following th

29、e lockdown, people in tins country were allowed to meet up again, which for individuals with social anxiety may have led to stress and worry.They may not be comfortable being expected to be social again, especially when in larger groups, and may worry about saying the wrong things and asking the wro

30、ng questions as tliey are remtegratmg into their offline social lives. Furthermore, Beverley says our even bigger reliance on social media and digital communication in the midst of lockdown could also have a negative impact on people with social anxiety.She says “For some people with social anxiety,

31、 coinmumcation by media can be even harder than communication in person.We know that words form only roughly 7-10% of the way in which we communicate and that we rely on body language, facial expression, tone of voice, and unconscious signals behmd words to convey our thoughts and feelings/5When it

32、comes to what people with social anxiety can do to feel better as the lockdown situation contmues to shift. Dr.Kuss says I reconmieiid bemg open and honest with their social environments. Friends and family will empathize when the concerns are voiced openly.Engaging in focused breathing and relaxati

33、on may also help alleviate feelings of worry and discomfort.Finally, negative thinking (e g./ I dont know what to say ) may be replaced witli positive ones (e g./I am good enough and My friends want to see me)”8. Why do people with social anxiety feel relieved during the lockdown?A. There is no one

34、disturbing their life.B. There is no need for them to socialize.C. They have increased their self-confidence.D. People can no longer communicate with each other.9. What does the underlined word mean in the third paragraph?A. Stimulate.B. Relieve.C. Begin.D.Develop.10. What can be the good advice for

35、 those with social anxiety during the lockdown?A. Stay at home alone.B. Communicate online.C. Open heart to strangers.D. Take a positive attitude.11. What can we leam from the passage?A. Stay with safe people can bring more confidence.B. Lockdown can help people overcome the feeling of anxiety.C. Fo

36、r people with social anxiety, lockdown is a double-edged sword.D. It is a suitable way for people of social anxiety to communicate by media.【答案】8.B9. B 10. D 11. C【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了流行性疾病对人们生活方方面而的影响，尤其是患社交焦虑 的人们在防范禁闭期的感受。【8题详解】细行理解题。根据第一段中,On one hand, a person with social anxiety may feel relie,ed

37、that they no longer have to socialize m person.可知，一方而，患有社交焦虑症的人可能会因为不再 需要亲自参加社交活动而感到轻松o故选B。【9题详解】词句猜测题。根据第三段中 “When it comes to what people with social anxiety can do to feel better as the lockdown situation continues to shift（当防范禁闭形势继续变化时，患社交焦虑 症的人们可以做什么来让自己感觉好些呢）和“Finally, negative tliuiking （eg,

38、I dont know what to say） may be replaced with positive ones （e.g./l am good enough and My friends want to seeme（最后，消极的想法（例如，“我不知道该说什么可能会被枳极的想法（例如，“我足够好”和“ 我的朋友想要见我）所取代。可知，呼吸和放松也可以帮助缓解忧虑和不适的感觉，故所以 划线词的意思是“缓解”。故选B。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中 4kWhen it comes to what people with social anxiety can do to feel be

39、tter as the lockdown situation continues to shift, Dr.Kuss says I recommend bemg open and honest with their social environments.Finally, negative thinking （e.g., “I dont know what to say） may be replaced with positive ones （e.g., “I am good enough , and My friends want to see me ）. （当防范禁闭形势继续变化时，患社交

40、焦虑症的人们可以做什么来让自己感觉好些呢，Kuss 博士说，“我建议对自己所处的社会环境保持开放和诚实的态度。最后，消极的想法（例如，“我不知道该说什么）可能会被积极的想法（例如，“我足够好”和“我的朋友想要见我”） 所取代。由此判断出，对那些在禁闭期间有社交焦虑的人的建议是采取一种积极的态度。故 选D。【11题详解】细 h.理解题。根据第一段中“Counselling Directory member Beverley Blackman says, For people with social anxiety, lockdown will make them deeply anxious i

41、n one way, and yet a relief in another（咨询服务目录人员Beverley Blackman说，“对那些患社交焦虑的人们来说，防范 禁闭期一方面会让他们感觉到深深地焦虑，另一方面也会让他们感到放松”。）可知，防范 禁闭期对他们来说有好也有坏，是一把双刃剑，故选C。DMost of the 500 whales stranded （搁浅）off Tasmania have now died. Dozens more stricken whales have been found in Australias largest ever mass stranding

42、.Tlie estimated total now stands at around 500, with the majority of that inimber dead and a tenth rescued by authorities on the Island state of Tasmania. Experts believe all of the animals would have been part of one large group.Officials began working to rescue survivors among an estimated 270 wha

43、les found on Monday on a beach and two sandbars near the remote coastal town of Strahan. Then another 200 whales were spotted from a helicopter on Wednesday less than 10 kilometres (six miles) to the south. All 200 had been confirmed dead by late afternoon. They were among the 380 whales that have d

44、ied overall, with estimates from earlier today suggesting that 30 that were alive but stranded and 50 had been rescued since Tuesday, Nfr Deka. Wildlife Service manager explained. He added/Well continue to work to free as many of the anmials as we canMbll contmue working as long as there are ln-e an

45、imals：It is not known what caused the animals to run aground. While stranding events are not unheard of, they are very rare in such large numbers. About 30 whales in the original stranding were moved from the sandbars to open ocean on Tuesday, but several got stranded again. About a third of the fir

46、st group had died by Monday evening.Australias largest mass straiidmg had previously been 320 pilot whales near the Western Australian town of Dnnsborough in 1996.This week s mcident is the first involving more than 500 whales in Tasmania since 2009.Marine Conservation Programme wildlife biologist K

47、ris Carlyon said the latest mass stranding was the biggest in Australia in terms of numbers stranded and died.Marine scientist Vanessa Pirotta said there were a number of potential reasons why whales might become beached, including navigational errors.She explained, They do have a very strong social

48、 system; these anmials are closely bonded and thats why we have seen so many in this case unfortunately in this situation.Rescuing them does not always work, because they are wanting to retiirn back to the group、they might hear the sounds tliat the others are making, or theyre just disoriented and,

49、in this case, extremely stressed, and just probably so exhausted that they in some cases dont know where they are. she added.12. What can be inferred from the first paragraph?A. 270 whales were rescued on Monday.B. 380 whales were found dead on Tuesday.C. 500 whales were found stranded and dead.D. 2

50、00 whales spotted from a helicopter were dead.13. Why did Kris Carlyon say this event is the biggest in Australia?A. Rescue work is not done in time.B. The nuinber of the death is large.C. The cause of the event is still a mystery.D. There was no other similar event in recent years.14. Which of the

51、following is Not the cause of the stranding of the whales?A Navigational errors.B. Overhuntine of the human beings.C. Whales group living style.D. Whales confiision and exliaustion.15. Where does this passage possibly come from?A. A newspaper.B. A magazine.C. A textbook.D. A travelbrochure.【答案】12,D1

52、3. B 14. B 15. A【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。主要介绍了澳大利亚塔斯马尼亚岛发现的一次大规模的鲸鱼搁浅事件并 分析了鲸鱼搁浅可能存在的原因。【12题详解】推理判断题。根据第段“Then another 200 whales were spotted from a helicopter on Wednesday less than 10 kilometres （six miles） to the south. All 200 had been confirmed dead by late afternoon”（周三，在距离南极不到10公里的地方，一架直升机发现了 200头鲸鱼，截止下

53、午 晚些时候，所有这200头鲸鱼都已确认死亡。）可知从直升机上发现的200头鲸鱼已死亡， 故选D。【13题详解】细 W理解题。根据第三段中“Manne Conservation Programme wildlife biologist Kris Carlyon said the latest mass stranding was the biggest in Australia in terms of numbers stranded and died ”（海洋保护项目野生动物生物学家Kris Carlyon说，就搁浅和死亡的数量而言，最近这 次搁浅是澳大利亚最大规模的一次。）可知，本次事件成

54、为澳大利亚最大的鲸鱼搁浅事件的 原因是死亡数量之大，故选B。【14题详解】细打理解题。根据第四段“Marine scientist Vanessa Pirotta said there were a number of potential reasons why whales might become beached, including navigational errors. She explained. They do have a very strong social system; these animals are closely bonded and thats why we h

55、ave seen so many in this case unfortunately in this situation.Rescuing them does not always work, because they are wanting to return back to the group, they might hear the sounds that the others are making, or tlieyre just disoriented and, in this case, extremely stressed, and just probably so exhau

56、sted that tliey in some cases don,t know where tliey are/ she added（海洋科学家瓦内萨皮罗塔说，鲸 鱼可能会搁浅的原因有很多，包括航海错误。她解释说：“它们确实有一个非常强大的社会 体系：这些动物是紧密结合在一起的，这就是为什么我们在这个案例中看到了这么多不幸的 例子情况。救援它们并不总是凑效，因为它们想回到团队中，它们可能会听到其他人发出的 声音，或者他们只是迷失方向，在这种情况下，压力非常大，可能是因为太累了，有时候甚 至不知道自己在哪里。）可知，导航误差、群居习惯以及困惑和疲惫都是鲸鱼掴浅的可能原 因，而文中并没有提到人类

57、的过度捕捞，故选B.【15题详解】推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了澳大利亚塔斯马尼亚岛发现的一次大规模的鲸 鱼搁浅事件，是一件时事新闻报道，最有可能出现在报纸上，故选A。第二节（共5小题；每小题3分，满分15分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两 项为多余选项。Gomg on holiday doesnt have to be bad for the environment, and there are still plenty of ways in which you can have a much-deserved break without ha

58、rming the environment.Forget PlanesWhile most forms of transport produce carbon dioxide, one of the gasses responsible for global warming,planes have a massive carbon footprint because of the huge number of miles they travel. 16 Theres so much to see and do in die UK yet most of us overlook the endless possibilities.There the unparalleled beauty of die Cornish coast and the Peak and Lake District.Enjoy the history of a stunning Welsh castle, try boating on the Norfolk Broads or ride the