研究生英语第一单元

1、Why Do We Work Why Do We Work ？2014.11.6The only way to get people to like working hard is to motivate them. Today, people must understand why theyre working hard, Every individual in an organization is motivated by something different. Rick Rick PitinoPitino使人们愿意努力工作的唯一方法是让他们有动力。今天，人们必须明白他们为什么在努力工作

2、，公司里的每个人都受着不同动机的驱使。瑞克皮蒂诺引出主题Para. 1 and Para. 2Professional IdentityWe expect and need to be compensated in nonmonetary ways.IdealismPersonal Pride RecognitionInstitutional Pride小结（Para.16）No man but a blockhead ever wrote, expect for money. 只有笨蛋才会写作，除非为了钱。No but 仅仅 Not but 不是而是Refer to 涉及 Refer one

3、self to 依赖于Neurosis 神经官能症 神经官能症是一组精神障碍的总称，包括神经衰弱、强迫症、焦虚症、恐怖症、躯体形式障碍等，患者深感痛苦且妨碍心理功能或社会功能，但没有任何可证实的器质性病理基础。 We expect and need to be compensated in nonmonetary.non-来自拉丁语non表示not（非） 1）加在形容词和名词之前表示不属于该种类。 non-violent 非暴力的、non-conformist不墨守成规者2）加在指一种特定行为的名词之前构成另外的名词，表示未能或拒绝采取这种行为。 non-cooperation不合作、non-

4、acceptance不接受3）加在名词之前意为“非/不成等意”，表示并非为所预想或意欲之事物。 non-answer答非所问的回答、non-art 非艺术 4）表示“不重要的”、“无价值的”，含有“假冒”，“欺骗”等意思。 nonbook毫无文学价值、滥竽充数的书、non-friend假朋友5）表示“缺乏传统性的”。 non-hero=anti-hero非传统式英雄、nonnovel不能按传统创作法写成的小说。Professional Professional I Identity dentity Many lawyer define themselves with reference to

5、the privileges and attributes of their profession . 许多律师从行业的特许权和特点来诠释他们自己。 with reference to 关于Another core professional value is autonomy. 另一个核心行业价值是自主性。Professional Professional I Identity dentity For example, lawyers pride themselves with reference to a learned profession . 例如，律师们以属于一个学识渊博的行业而引以为

6、豪。Equally important to professional autonomy is that firms need to take care not to impinge on a lawyers exercise of conserdered professional judgment ,even then when that means refusing a client . 与职业自主性同样重要的是，律师事务所需要注意不要干涉律师运用他们经过深思熟虑的职业判断，即便那意味着拒绝客户。Professional Professional I Identity dentity La

7、stly ,professional status encompasses adherence to ethical standards . 最后，职业地位包含对（职业）道德标准的遵守。Person PridePerson PrideFew of us make it through the rigors of a legal education without having a deeply internalized sense of excellence for its own sake. Lawyers compensate themselves with the powerful se

8、lf-affirmation of a job well done. 没有深深内化卓越本身，很少有人能通过严格的法律教育。律师通过干好工作的强大的自我肯定来获取自 我满足。Person PridePerson Priderigorn. 严酷，艰苦Internalizev.使（信仰、态度、行为模式等）内在化（成为性格的一部分）Compensatev. 补偿，赔偿；付报酬Self-affirmationn.自我肯定for its own sake为获得某件事的经历而做某事Person PridePerson PrideAs a matter of both compensation and rep

9、utation ,an elite firm cannot afford to impede the drive to excellence, even when its not cost effective in the short term. 作为一种补偿和声誉，精英公司不能妨碍追求卓越，即使它在短期内不能见效。Person PridePerson PrideThis means, for example, that firm management should applaud the writing and rewriting of a brief to the highest stan

10、dard even when a cynical perspective would suggest that the extra effort wilii have no practical effect.这意味着，例如，即使一 个愤世嫉俗的观点会说额外的努力会有实际的效果，企业管理者也应该赞同制定以及改写的一个简短的最 高标准。Person PridePerson Prideimpedev. 阻碍；妨碍；阻止drive to1） 驶到，用车把(某人)送到，驾车送 2） (某人)驱使，迫使in the short term就短期而言high standard 高标准Person PrideP

11、erson PrideAlways celebrate superlative work product even when it seems unlikely to make a difference in the outcome. Instead of kowtowing to client demands for super work at a cut-rate price, deliver excellence and expect to be paid for it.总是赞美最好的工作成果,即使这样最终似乎不太可能起作用。而不是磕着头为需要打折的超级服务的客户 提供卓越以期望报酬。S

12、uperlative a.最优秀的，最好的kowtowing v.顺从，巴结，唯命是从IdealismIdealismThink back to law school . Who remembers talking into the night about How to obtain the highest profits per equity partner? 回忆一下在法学院的情景吧。谁记得就如何使每位参股合伙人获得最高利润的话题谈论至深夜？More memorable discussions covered things such as the advancement of civil

13、Rights the provision of legal services to the poor the development of a more equitable system of taxation the promulgation of international norms guaranteeing basic human dignity .更加值得回忆的是讨论包括诸如公民权利的提高，为穷苦的人提供法律服务，创造一种更加公平的税收制度，保证基本人格尊严的国际法律法规的颁布等话题。IdealismIdealismLawyers thirst for justice and sla

14、king that thirst is an important element of compensation almost by definition an elite law firm supports pro bono and publish service efforts thereby accomplishing the intertwined goals of compensating its professionals and discharging its institutional obligation to society .律师们渴望正义，渴望就是满足这种渴望的一种重要

15、的补偿元素。一家很高级的律师事务所支持公益服务几乎是理所当然的，它由此完成既汇报专业人士又履行作为公共机构对于社会的责任，这两个密不可分的目标。Recognition Recognition Psychic compensation includes recognition both formal and informal. 精神报酬包括表彰，正式的和非正式。Rendering such compensation depends on managements making just a little extra effort to acknowledge achievement.celebra

16、te important accomplishments and mark important milestones.给予这样的报酬要依靠管理层多做点努力来认可员工的业绩。来庆祝重要的成就和表示重要的具有里程碑意义的事件。Recognition Recognition On occasion elaborate dinners or parties are called for but often casual events will serve the purpose institute formal award programs stage ceremonies of public rec

17、ognition never neglect to mark even relatively minor accomplishments with a congratulatory e-mail or phone call 。管理者偶尔需要举办一些精致的晚宴或者晚会，但是一些休闲的活动往往就能达到目的，设立正式的奖励方案，筹办一些公开的表彰仪式，但是绝不要忽视祝贺性质的邮件或者电话，即便是相对渺小的成绩。Institutional PrideInstitutional Pridein order to:为了 可替换词：* so that * so as to * for但是几个在用法上有些区别

18、I got up early this morning in order to catch the first bus.只能用在句中只能用在句中I got up early this morning so that catch the first bus.也只能用在句中也只能用在句中而so as to catch the first bus ,I got up early this morning.可以用在句首同时I got up early this morning so as to catch the first bus .也可以用在句中也可以用在句中I got up early this morning for catching the first bus. for当表目的的介词，后面动词应为现在分词当表目的的介词，后面动词应为现在分词Institutional PrideInstitutional