第章 相互依赖性与贸易的好处 曼昆经济学原理第七版PPT课件

1、fghfgjClick to edit Master text stylesSecond levelThird levelFourth levelFifth level* 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a p

2、assword-protected website for classroom use.Name fgchmvb Click to edit Master text stylesSecond levelThird levelFourth levelFifth level* 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed wi

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5、d-protected website for classroom use.Master case-study #2Click to edit Master text stylesSecond levelThird levelFourth levelFifth level - colorat diferit* 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a lic

6、ense distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.Appendix master title* 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed wi

7、th a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.Click to edit Master text stylesSecond levelThird levelFourth levelFifth levelPowerPoint Slides prepared by: Andreea CHIRITESCUEastern Illinois University3fghfgjClick to edit Master text stylesSecond level

8、Third levelFourth levelFifth level* 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.Name f

9、gchmvb Click to edit Master text stylesSecond levelThird levelFourth levelFifth level* 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a

10、password-protected website for classroom use.Interdependence and the Gains from Trade 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a p

11、assword-protected website for classroom use.1A Parable for the Modern EconomyOnly two goodsMeatPotatoesOnly two peopleA cattle rancher named Rose A potato farmer named FrankBoth would like to eat both meat and potatoes 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplic

12、ated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.2A Parable for the Modern EconomyIf Rose produces only meat and Frank produces only potatoesBoth gain from tradeIf both Ros

13、e and Frank produce both meat and potatoesBoth gain from specialization and tradeProduction possibilities frontier Various mixes of output that an economy can produce 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitt

14、ed in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.3Figure 1 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with

15、 a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.The Production Possibilities Frontier (a)Panel (a) shows the production opportunities available to Frank the farmer and Rose the rancher.4Figure 1 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copie

16、d, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.The Production Possibilities Frontier (b, c)Panel (b) shows the combinations of meat and potatoes that

17、 Frank can produce. Panel (c) shows the combinations of meat and potatoes that Rose can produce. Both production possibilities frontiers are derived assuming that Frank and Rose each work 8 hours per day. If there is no trade, each persons production possibilities frontier is also his or her consump

18、tion possibilities frontier.(b) Franks production possibilities frontier(c) Roses production possibilities frontierMeat (oz)048Potatoes (oz)1632AIf there is no trade, Frank chooses this production and consumption.Meat (oz)01224Potatoes (oz)2448BIf there is no trade, Rose chooses this production and

19、consumption.5A Parable for the Modern EconomySpecialization and tradeFarmer Frank specializes in growing potatoesMore time growing potatoes Less time raising cattleRancher Rose specializes in raising cattleMore time raising cattle Less time growing potatoes Trade: 5 oz of meat for 15 oz of potatoes

20、2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.6Figure 2 2015 Cengage Learning. All Right

21、s Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.How Trade Expands the Set of Consumption Opportunities (a, b)The proposed

22、trade between Frank the farmer and Rose the rancher offers each of them a combination of meat and potatoes that would be impossible in the absence of trade. In panel (a), Frank gets to consume at point A* rather than point A. In panel (b), Rose gets to consume at point B* rather than point B. Trade

23、allows each to consume more meat and more potatoes.(a) Franks production and consumption(b) Roses production and consumptionMeat (oz)048Potatoes (oz)1632AFranks production and consumption without tradeMeat (oz)01224Potatoes (oz)2448BRoses production and consumption without tradeFranks production wit

24、h trade517A*Franks consumption with trade13181227B*Roses consumption with tradeRoses production with trade7Figure 2 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product

25、or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.How Trade Expands the Set of Consumption Opportunities (c)The proposed trade between Frank the farmer and Rose the rancher offers each of them a combination of meat and potatoes that would be impossible in the absence of trade

26、. In panel (a), Frank gets to consume at point A* rather than point A. In panel (b), Rose gets to consume at point B* rather than point B. Trade allows each to consume more meat and more potatoes.8Comparative AdvantageAbsolute advantageThe ability to produce a good using fewer inputs than another pr

27、oducerIn producing meat: Rose Rose needs 20 min. to produce 1 oz. of meatFrank needs 60 minutesIn producing potatoes: Rose Rose needs 10 min. to produce 1 oz. of potatoesFrank needs 15 minutes 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part,

28、 except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.9Comparative AdvantageOpportunity costWhatever must be given up to obtain some itemMeasures the trade-off between the two goods that each producer fa

29、ces 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.10Table 1 2015 Cengage Learning. All R

30、ights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.The Opportunity Cost of Meat and Potatoes11Comparative AdvantageCompar

31、ative advantageThe ability to produce a good at a lower opportunity cost than another producerReflects the relative opportunity costPrinciple of comparative advantageEach good should be produced by the individual that has the smaller opportunity cost of producing that goodSpecialize according to com

32、parative advantage 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.12Comparative Advantage

33、One personCan have absolute advantage in both goodsCannot have comparative advantage in both goods For different opportunity costsOne person has comparative advantage in one goodThe other person has comparative advantage in the other good 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied

34、, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.13Comparative AdvantageOpportunity cost of one goodInverse of the opportunity cost of the otherGains fr

35、om specialization and tradeBased on comparative advantageTotal production in economy risesIncrease in the size of the economic pieEveryone is better off 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a licens

36、e distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.14Comparative AdvantageTrade can benefit everyone in societyAllows people to specialize The price of tradeMust lie between the two opportunity costsPrinciple of comparative advantage explains:InterdependenceGains from trade 2015