英语语言学function of languagePPT学习教案

1、会计学1Jakobson our group Hallidaydifferent views on function of language第1页/共20页Jakobsons viewanguage is above all, as any semiotic system, for communication. We study language as a science so we mention its function according to a principle. Here the function is not the social function only. Six prim

2、ary factors of any speech event: speaker, addressee, context, message, code, contact.Jakobsons well-known framework of language functions based on the six key elements of communication: 第2页/共20页Referential: to convey message and informationPoetic: to indulge in language for its own sakeEmotive: to e

3、xpress attitudes, feelings and emotionsConative: to persuade and influence others through commands and entreaties)Phatic: to establish communion with othersMetalingual function: to clear up intentions, words and meanings. eg.We say make is a verb and he is a pronoun.第3页/共20页ContextreferentialAddress

4、erEmotivee.g. intonation showing angerMessagePoetice.g. poetryAddresseeConativee.g. Imperatives and vocativesContactPhaticHello, did you hear me?CodeMetalinguale.g. Let me make it brief.第4页/共20页指示功能（传达信息）指示功能（传达信息）诗学功能（完全就语言而语言诗学功能（完全就语言而语言)，感情功能（表达态度、感觉和感情）感情功能（表达态度、感觉和感情），意动功能（通过命令和请求去说服，意动功能（通过命令

5、和请求去说服和影响他人），和影响他人），交感功能（与他人建立交流）交感功能（与他人建立交流）元语言功能（弄清意图、词语和意义元语言功能（弄清意图、词语和意义）。）。第5页/共20页Hallidays viewFrom early on in his account of language, Halliday has argued that it is inherently functional. His early papers on the grammar of English make reference to the functional components of language,

6、as generalized uses of language, which, since they seem to determine the nature of the language system, require to be incorporated into our account of that system. Halliday argues that this functional organization of language determines the form taken by grammatical structure.第6页/共20页Ideational meta

7、function The ideational function is language concerned with building and maintaining a theory of experience. It includes the experiential function and the logical function.1.语言是对存在于主客观世界的过程和事物的反映，这是语言是对存在于主客观世界的过程和事物的反映，这是“经验经验”（experiential）功能，或者说关于所说的）功能，或者说关于所说的“内容内容”的功能。的功能。在语言中还有在语言中还有“逻辑（逻辑（lo

8、gical）功能，即以表现为并列关系和）功能，即以表现为并列关系和从属关系的线性的循环结构的形式出现，由于两者都是建立于说从属关系的线性的循环结构的形式出现，由于两者都是建立于说话人对外部世界和内心世界的经验，与其功能相比较是中性的，话人对外部世界和内心世界的经验，与其功能相比较是中性的，因而可统称为因而可统称为“概念概念”（ideational）功能）功能。 第7页/共20页Hallidays viewInterpersonal metafunction The interpersonal function refers to the grammatical choices that ena

9、ble speakers to enact their complex and diverse interpersonal relations.2.语言是社会人的有意义的活动，是做事的手段，是动作，因此它的功能之一必须是反映人与人间的关系。这个纯理功能称为语言是社会人的有意义的活动，是做事的手段，是动作，因此它的功能之一必须是反映人与人间的关系。这个纯理功能称为“人际人际”（interpersonal）功能。）功能。第8页/共20页Hallidays viewTextual metafunction Halliday argues that both experiential and inte

10、rpersonal functions are intricately organized, but that between the two “there is comparatively very little constraint”. This means that “by and large, you can put any interactional spin on any representational content”. What allows meanings from these two modes to freely combine is the intercession

11、 of a third, distinct mode of meaning that Halliday refers to as the textual function. 第9页/共20页modes to freely combine is the intercession of a third, distinct mode of meaning that Halliday refers to as the textual function. 3. 实际使用中的语言基本单位不是词或句，而是表达相对的来说是完实际使用中的语言基本单位不是词或句，而是表达相对的来说是完整思想的整思想的“语篇语篇”

12、（texttext），上述两种功能部分最后要由说话人把），上述两种功能部分最后要由说话人把它们组织成语篇才能实现。这就是它们组织成语篇才能实现。这就是语篇（语篇（textualtextual）功能）功能。语篇功。语篇功能使语言和语境发生联系，是说话人只产生与语境相一致的语篇。能使语言和语境发生联系，是说话人只产生与语境相一致的语篇。第10页/共20页my group members viewphatic functiondirective functioninformative functioninterrogative functionexpressive functionevocative

13、 functionperformative function第11页/共20页Phatic: establishing an atmosphere or maintaining social contact.Directive: get the hearer to do something. Informative: give information about facts. Interrogative: get information from others.Expressive: express feelings and attitudes of the speaker. Evocative: create cert