Food security and its importance to China

1、Food security and its importance to ChinaGlobal hungerDefinitionMeasurementPillarChallengeRiskPolicyFood security in China Global hunger vThe United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization estimates that nearly 870 million people of the 7.1 billion people in the world, or one in eight, were suffer

2、ing from chronic undernourishment in 2010-2012. (2013 World Hunger and Poverty Facts and Statistics, World Hunger Education Service)definitionva situation when all people, at all times, have physical, social and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food to meet their dietary needs and

3、food preferences for an active and healthy life. (World Food Summit of 1996 )Table 1: Definition of food security and all aspects involvedEveryone has Equity: all peopleAt all times Stability of food availability, access and utilization throughout the year and over time. Protection against risks aff

4、ecting peoples food security.Access to The right to food. People are entitled to enough food. Affordability of food depending on purchasing power and market prices. Own production depending on land rights, etcAnd control over The power to take decisions concerning food production, distribution, cons

5、umption etcSufficient quantities Enough food to meet daily food requirements, sufficient stock at household and community level to resist shocks.Of good quality food Variety of nutritious, safe and culturally appropriate foods.For an active and Proper consumption and a good biological utilization of

6、 healthy life food, resulting in an adequate nutritional status of peopleMeasurement vFood security indicators and measures are derived from country level household income and expenditure surveys to estimate per capita caloric availability. In general the objective of food security indicators and me

7、asures is to capture some or all of the main components of food security in terms of food availability, access and utilization or adequacy.Food security is built on three pillars:vFood availability: sufficient quantities of food available on a consistent basis.vFood access: having sufficient resourc

8、es to obtain appropriate foods for a nutritious diet.vFood use: appropriate use based on knowledge of basic nutrition and care, as well as adequate water and sanitation.vThe WHO states that there are three pillars that determine food security: food availability, food access, and food use. The FAO ad

9、ds a fourth pillar: the stability of the first three dimensions of food security over time. In 2009, the World Summit on Food Security stated that the “four pillars of food security are availability, access, utilization, and stability”. vFood stability refers to the ability to obtain food over time.

10、 Challenges to achieving food securityvGlobal water crisisvLand degradationvLand dealsvClimate changevAgricultural diseasesvDictatorship and kleptocracyvFood sovereigntyRisks to food securityvPopulation growthvFossil fuel dependencevHybridization, genetic engineering and loss of biodiversityvIntelle

11、ctual property rightsvPrice settingvLand use changeFood policyvAn international policy process, coordinated by the United Nations, has been considering systemic reforms. Major meetings in Rome in late 2009 made modest progress. But much remains to be done to achieve real food security and sustainabl

12、e production. Control over land and inceasingly-scarce water are key issues. A vigorous alliance of NGOs, agronomists and food producers has been pressing for progressive change. Opposing them are the large agribusiness companies, like Monsanto, Cargill, McDonalds and ConAgra - companies that now do

13、minate food policy, reign over the production chain and shape the entire worlds food system.Food security in China vWith 19% of the worlds population, but just 7% of the worlds farmland, China faces a monumental challenge to establish a sustainable food system. Food security in China means improving

14、 every part of the food chain from sustainable farming practices to availability and nutrition to safety and waste reduction.Food security problems in ChinaFood wasteImbalance of food distributionNeed for food importFood safety problemsDecreasing of arable land Related issues include:vWhat is the ne

15、t impact of the further liberalization of food and agricultural trade, considering the widely differing situations in developing countries?vTo what extent can domestic economic and social policies - and food, agricultural and rural development policies - offset the diverse (and possibly negative) im

16、pacts of international policies, such as those relating to international trade?vHow can the overall economic gains from trade benefit those who are most likely to be suffering from food insecurity?vDo gains “trickle down” to enhance economic access to food for the poor?vHow can food and agricultural

17、 production and trade be restrained from the over-exploitation of natural resources that may jeopardize domestic food security in the long term?vHow to ensure that imported food products are of acceptable quality and safe to eat?Food security as important as national security (Chakravarthi Raghavan )vFrom the above it is clear that food security as a concept covers a wide range of areas. The concept cuts across the physical supply and availability of food, the macro and micro social systems that determine entitlements to food, nutritional value an