高级汉英翻译理论与实践之被动与主动

1、第十讲第十讲 Passive vs. Active 被动与主动被动与主动教学重点：教学重点： 1. 1. 英汉被动结构的差异英汉被动结构的差异 2. 2. 被动语态的翻译方法被动语态的翻译方法. The Passive Voice in English-Chinese Translation 英汉翻译中的被动语态英汉翻译中的被动语态1、Converting the Passive Voice into the Active Voice1) The Original Subject Unchanged nThe whole country was armed in a few days. 几天之

2、内全国几天之内全国武装起来武装起来了。了。nEvery moment of every day, energy is being transformed from one form into another. 每时每刻，能量都在由一种形式每时每刻，能量都在由一种形式变为变为另一种形式。另一种形式。 2) Changing Original Object into Subject nBy the end of the war 800 people had been saved by the organization. 大战结束时，大战结束时，这个组织这个组织拯救了拯救了800人。人。nCommu

3、nication satellites are used for international live transmission throughout the world. 全世界全世界都将通信卫星用于国际间的实况转播。都将通信卫星用于国际间的实况转播。. The Passive Voice in English-Chinese Translation 英汉翻译中的被动语态英汉翻译中的被动语态3) Changing the Passive into the Predicative Verb “是是”nThe picture was painted by Professor Smith. 这幅画

4、这幅画是是史密斯教授画的。史密斯教授画的。nThe house was built of wood in 1985. 这座房子这座房子是是1985 年用木头修建的。年用木头修建的。4) Adding a Proper Subject to Make the Chinese Version Smooth nTo explore the moons surface, rockets were launched again and again. 为了探测月球的表面，为了探测月球的表面，人们人们一次又一次地发射火箭。一次又一次地发射火箭。nIt is well known that smoking i

5、s harmful to the health. 众所周知众所周知，吸烟对人体有害。，吸烟对人体有害。. The Passive Voice in English-Chinese Translation 英汉翻译中的被动语态英汉翻译中的被动语态2、Converting the Passive Structure into a Subjectless SentencenThe unpleasant noise must be immediately put to an end. 必须立即终止必须立即终止这种讨厌的噪音。这种讨厌的噪音。nAttention has been paid to the

6、 new measures to prevent corrosion. 已经注意到已经注意到采取防腐新措施。采取防腐新措施。3、Keeping the Passive Structure Unchanged1) Rendering into Chinese by Using “被被or给给”nIf the scheme is approved, work on the project will start immediately. 如果方案如果方案被批准被批准，这项工程将立即动工。，这项工程将立即动工。nAt the end of the month he was fired for inco

7、mpetence. 月底，他因不胜任工作而月底，他因不胜任工作而被解雇被解雇了。了。2) Rendering into Chinese by Using “遭遭”or“受受”nOur foreign policy is supported by the people all over the world. 我们的对外政策我们的对外政策受到受到全世界人民的支持。全世界人民的支持。3) Rendering into Chinese by Using “为为所所”nAll the buildings were destroyed in a big fire. 所有的建筑物均所有的建筑物均为为一场大火

8、一场大火所焚毁所焚毁。. The Passive Voice in English-Chinese Translation 英汉翻译中的被动语态英汉翻译中的被动语态4、The Passive Voice Replaced by Other Structures nThe village is populated by about 13,000 farmers. 这个村子里这个村子里住着住着大约大约13000农民。农民。nShe was delivered of a boy. 她她生了生了一个男孩。一个男孩。nShe and her husband have been asked out for

9、 the banquet. 她和丈夫她和丈夫应邀应邀赴宴去了。赴宴去了。. The Passive Structure in Chinese-English Translation 汉英翻译中的被动结构汉英翻译中的被动结构1、Chinese Sentences with Passive Labelsn被、受、道、给、让、挨、叫、为所、加以、予被、受、道、给、让、挨、叫、为所、加以、予以以”n他他被选被选为校学生会主席。为校学生会主席。 He was elected Chairman of the Students Union of this university.n她她深受深受大家的尊敬。大家

10、的尊敬。 She is greatly respected by everyone.n老太太老太太被被风风吹病了吹病了。 The old lady fell ill because of the draught.n天太冷，水管都天太冷，水管都给冻住了给冻住了。 It was so cold that the water pipes froze. The Passive Structure in Chinese-English Translation 汉英翻译中的被动结构汉英翻译中的被动结构2、Chinese Sentences without Passive Labelsn这座桥将在今年年底这

11、座桥将在今年年底建成建成。 The construction of the bridge will be completed by the end of this year.n这个问题这个问题正在研究正在研究。 The problem is now being studied.n来宾来宾请请出示人场券。出示人场券。 Visitors are requested to show their tickets. . The Passive Structure in Chinese-English Translation 汉英翻译中的被动结构汉英翻译中的被动结构3、Converting Chinese

12、 Active Structures into English Passive Structuresn中美己经中美己经建立了建立了外交关系。外交关系。 Diplomatic relations have been established between China and the United States of America.n口试时，口试时，问了问了10个问题，她全都答对了。个问题，她全都答对了。 She was asked ten questions in the oral examination and answered every one of them correctly.n他出

13、现在舞台上，观众他出现在舞台上，观众给予给予热烈的掌声。热烈的掌声。 He appeared on the stage and was warmly applauded by the audience. The Passive Structure in Chinese-English Translation 汉英翻译中的被动结构汉英翻译中的被动结构4、Translation of Some Idiomatic Chinese Expressionsn“It be + adj.(p. p.) + that clause“n众所周知众所周知，火药是中国古代的四大发明之一。，火药是中国古代的四大发明

14、之一。 It is well-known that gunpowder is one of the four great inventions of the ancient Chinese people.n据谣传据谣传，那场事故是由于玩忽职守而造成的。，那场事故是由于玩忽职守而造成的。 It is rumored that the accident was due to negligence/a lapse.n应该说应该说，情况基本上是健康的。，情况基本上是健康的。 It should be said that the situation is basically sound.n必须指出必须指

15、出，有些问题还需要澄清。，有些问题还需要澄清。 It must be pointed out that some questions have yet to be clarified.nCultural China can be defined as n文化中国的概念是文化中国的概念是nThe Olympic Spirit is characterized by n奥林匹克精神的特征是奥林匹克精神的特征是 nThe relationship between the two countries was characterized by mutual understanding. n两国关系的特点

16、是相互谅解。nIt is a long way from Beijing to London. The distance has sometimes seemed compounded by historical, philosophical and political gaps in our outlooks.n北京和伦敦相距甚远，这个距离有时似乎更加扩大了，因为历史上、哲学上和政治上，我们的观点差异甚大。nLarge quantities of fuel are used by modern industry.n现代工业耗用大量燃料。nYour car was towed away by

17、a towing truck.n拖车把你的汽车拉走了。nThe book must be returned immediately.n必须立即还书。nThis instrument must be handled with great care.n必须仔细操作仪器。nImplementation of the meeting must be pursued with vigor.n贯彻会议必须大力进行。nThe next day, a government was organized.n次日政府成立。nDuring the World Cup, the streets were filled

18、with football fans.n世界杯比赛期间，街上挤满了球迷。nThe little play was sprinkled with humor and local dialect.n这个短剧使用了本地方言，幽默风趣。nChina has repeatedly been invaded.n中国多次遭受侵略。nThose who perform deeds of merit will be rewarded.n立功的人将受到奖励。nTwo-thirds of the area are covered with immense forests of pine, spruce云杉 and

19、birth白桦.n该地区的三分之二由广阔的松林、云杉林和白桦林所覆盖。nThe design will be examined by a special committee.n这项设计将由一个专门委员会予以审查。Practice:nShe was with a child.nShe was with child.nThis tool is no more useful than that one.nThis tool is not more useful than that one.nHe is anything but a teacher.nHe is nothing but a teacher.nIt has been raining continually for two h