Unit9GrantandLee2

1、Unit 9Grant and Lee: A Study in ContrastThe Author: Bruce Catton By NicoleDissuasion of American Civil War Time? And which year?vApril 19th - April 12th vTwo Governments?vThe Union (who lead? Ulysses S. Grant)v and the Confederate government v(who lead? Robert E. Lee)vReason?vResult?v The south was

2、defeated.v Slavery was abolished.v more creations were made.Dissuasion of American Civil WarvPolitics : power (The union and the Confederate)vEconomy: plantation & commercial and industrialvSlaves freedom (in the south)Movies about American Civil Warv1. 乱世佳人：Gone with windv2. 冷山：Cold Mountainv3. 一个国

3、家的诞生：The Birth of a Nationv4. 盖茨堡之役: Battle of Gettysburg v5. 光荣战役: Glory (1989) (Morgan Freeman)v6. 南北惊魂: The Blue and the Gray(格里高利，派克）v7. 与狼共舞：Dancing with wolvesv8. 红河谷：Red Riverv9. 似是故人来 : Sommersby （Jacks story)v10. 小妇人：Little Women .(filmed in1933)v11. 断锁怒潮: Amistad (Morgan Freeman, 1997)Nove

4、ls about American Civil Warv飘: Gone with wind (玛格丽特米切尔）v小妇人: Little Womenv12. 汤姆叔叔的小屋: Uncle Toms Cabin(哈里耶特比彻斯托夫人 )（about Miserable life of black people)v13. 杀手天使: The Killer Angels （ Michael Shaara ）v14. 战地钟声：For Whom the Bell Tolls v (Hemmingway)v15. 红色英勇勋章 ：The Red Badge of Courage, 1895 (史蒂文克莱恩

5、）v16. 强权的起点：vMy paramount object in this struggle is to save the Union (Abraham Lincoln).v“在这场斗争中我的首要目标是挽救统一” （亚伯拉罕林肯）。More informationvGrant: shorter, younger, brown-haired; tattered and careless in his dress.vLee: taller, older, gray-haired, meticulous in his dress.7 states in the SouthSouth-Carol

6、inaMississippiFloridaAlabamaGeorgiaLouisianaTexas23 states in the UnionExpansion of Americav13 statesvLouisiana to North bought from France (1803)vFlorida from Spanish (5 million) (1819)vTexas and Oregon (from Mexican and Great Britain)vCalifornian, New Mexican (15 million) (1848)vAlaska (7.2 millio

7、n)(1867)vHawaii (the end of 19 c) via warsText AnalysisvHow many parts do you think the text consists of? What is the main idea of each part?PartsParas Main ideasOne 1-2The Appomattox meeting brought the Civil War to its virtual end.Two 3-12How Grant and Lee differed in background, sense of allegian

8、ce, etc.Three13-16What were the qualities they had in common.ComparisonvPoint by point patternvSubject by subject patternvCombination of the above twovWhat pattern does the author apply in the text?Text analysis: exercise threeMethodsSubject-by-subject comparisonDivision between similarities and dif

9、ferencesParasParas 4-6(about Lee)Paras 7-9(about Grant)Paras 10-12 (about differences)Paras 13-16 (about similarities)Part OnevPara. 1: Who?v Where?v What?v What effects?vPara. 2: Significance v Words and expressionsvWork outvSurrendervChaptervVirtualvFugitivevIn effectvpoignantvchapter:vA distinct

10、period or sequence of events, as in history or a persons life:v时期：如历史上或个人生活上的一个重要时期或系列事件：vSteamboat travel opened a new chapter in Americas exploration of the West.v汽船旅行为开发美国西部翻开了新篇章vI began a new chapter in life when I got my masers degree. vwrite outv1) To express or compose in writing:v写出，作曲：以书面表

11、达或创作：vwrite out a request.v写出一项要求v2) To write in full or expanded form:v完全写出：写出全称或完整的形式：vAll abbreviations are to be written out.v所有的缩写都要完整地写出来vTranslation:vThey were two strong men, these oddly different generals, and they represent the strengths of two conflicting currents that, through them, had

12、come into final collision.v 这两位迥异的将军都是强有力的人物，他们代表着两股相互冲突的力量，那两股力量通过他们最终发生碰撞。Language pointspart twovPara 4.vBack of Robert E. Lee was the notionvLee drew support from/was guided by the conceptvdominant:vadj.v支配的, 统治的; 占优势的v最有力的, 有权威的v超群出众的, 显著的v高于其它的v【生】显性的; 优势的va dominant positionv统治地位va dominant p

13、erson in the teamv队里最有权威的人va dominant buildingv高耸的建筑物vThe Soviet Union is the dominant nation of Eastern Europe.v苏联是东欧的主要国家。vthe dominantvbusinessmanv最有势力的商人。vthe dominant gene.Para. 5vChivalryvKnighthood and English country squirevHave a pronounced inequalityvA leisure class, ownership of landvThe

14、chief source of wealth and influencev gain advantage for themselvesvThe solemn obligationsvBe privilegedvLeadershipvThe higher values- of thought, of conduct, of personal deportmentChivalry （for extensive readingvis polite, kind, and unselfish behavior, especially by men towards womenvChivalry, or t

15、he chivalric code, is a code of conduct associated with the medieval institution of knighthood. Chivalry arose from an idealized German custom. It developed first in the north of France among horse soldiers who served in Charlemagnes heavy cavalry(骑兵部队）. v It was originally conceived of as an aristo

16、cratic warrior code the term derives from the French term chevalerie, meaning horse soldiery involving gallantry, individual training, and service to others. Over time its meaning has been refined to emphasise more ideals such as the knightly virtues of honour, courtly love, courtesy, and less marti

17、al aspects of the tradition.vThe Knights Code of Chivalry was a moral and honorable system that stated all knights should protect others who can not protect themselves, such as widows, children, and elders. All knights needed to have the strength and skills to fight wars in the Middle Ages; they not

18、 only had to be strong but they were also extremely disciplined and were expected to use their power to protect the weak and defenseless.vKnights vowed to be loyal, generous, and “of noble bearing”. Knights were required to tell the truth and respect the honour of women. Knights vowed to protect the

19、 weak and guard the honor of fellow knights. They were to obey those in authority, and to never refuse a challenge from an equal. Knights lived by honor and for glory. Knights were to fear God and maintain His Church. Knights always kept their faith and never turned their back on a foe. Knights desp

20、ised pecuniary 金钱的 reward. They persevered to the end in any enterprise begun.v - from Wikipediavembody: （L17)v1) To give a bodily form to; incarnate.v具体化：赋予以形体；使具有躯体v2) To represent in bodily or material form:v体现：以形体的或物质的形式代表：v“As John Adams embodied the old style, Andrew Jackson embodied the new”

21、(Richard Hofstadter)v“正象约翰阿达姆斯体现了旧风格，安德鲁杰克逊体现了新风格”(理查德霍夫施塔特)v3) To make part of a system or whole; incorporate:v收录，包含加入：使成为系统或整体的一部分；并入：vlaws that embody a peoples values.v加入了人的价值的法律vdedicate: （L19)v1) To set apart for a deity or for religious purposes; consecrate.v奉献：为祭神或宗教目的而奉献；供奉v2) To set apart

22、for a special use:v为某一特殊用途而奉献：vdedicated their money to scientific research.v把他们的钱用于科学研究v3) To commit (oneself) to a particular course of thought or action:v致力：承诺一特定的想法或承诺采用一特定的行动：vdedicated ourselves to starting our own business.v我们开始经营自己的买卖vkey: （L23)v使准备，使适应vThe factory is keyed to the production

23、 of advanced weapons.vkey up 使紧张，使激动vI was keyed up about the exam.vbring forth: （L24)vgive rise to: producevWhy didnt you bring forth your suggestion at the meeting yesterday? Lots of trees bring forth fruit.vDeportment (28) vn.v行为; 举止; 态度举动vgentlemanly deportmentv绅士风度vimproper deportmentv不适当的行为Par

24、aphrase 1vThere should be a leisure class, backed by ownership of land; in turn, society itself should be keyed to the land as the chief source of wealth and influence.vSociety is in need of a class of people who are not job-holders but land- owners, for their land may well help make society rich an

25、d powerful, so society should be in harmony with the land.vPara 6vHe has passed into legend (L 24) vHe had become a popular herowordsvJustifyvConfederacyvSanctify: approve of vE.g.: a law that sanctifies changes that have already occurred. v 认可已发生变化的一项法律vPara 7vTannervThe Western frontiervThe eterna

26、l toughness and sinewy fibervOwed reverence and obeisance vself-reliantvSharp eye for the futurevTo a fault1. come up the hard wayvgot promotion in a difficult way.v2. the hard way: 极其艰难的vShe got the PHD the hard way. 3. obeisance: great respect for someone e.g.: While he was still young and strong,

27、 all paid obeisance to him. 他年轻力壮时所有人都对他毕恭毕敬。4. sinewy: showing strength or vigor5. to a faultvTo an excessive degree: 过度地：vgenerous to a fault 过度慷慨vDifficult sentence:vHe was one of a body of men who owned reverence and obeisance to no one, who were self-reliant to a fault, who cared hardly anythin

28、g for the past but who had a sharp eye for the future.v他不敬畏任何人，不顺从任何人，过分讲究自力更生，他不追怀往事，但能用敏锐的目光洞察未来。vParallelismPara. 8vPrecise opposite of vIn the great surgevSettle into groovesvDemocracyvForms and patterns meant nothingvNo man was born to anything, life was competition.vPara 8vdifficult sentence:

29、vBack of them, in the great surge that had taken people over the Alleghenies and into the opening Western country, there was a deep, implicit dissatisfaction with a past that had settled into grooves.v1. surge:v Vi v1)To move in a billowing or swelling manner in or as if in waves. v汹涌：象在波涛中颠簸或起伏地向前行

30、动v2) To roll or be tossed about on waves, as a boat.v颠簸，起伏：象小船一样地在波涛中颠簸或摇荡v3)To move like advancing waves:v猛冲，蜂涌：象波涛一样地汹涌前进：vThe fans surged forward to see the movie star.v影迷们汹涌地冲奔去看那个影星vThe crowd surged out of the stadium.vn1)A heavy, billowing, or swelling motion like that of great waves.v汹涌：象巨浪中那

31、样地颠簸或起伏的激烈动作vThe sea was rolling in immense surges.vAt the end of the game, there was a surge of fans onto the field.v2)Wave motion with low height and a shorter period than a swell.v波涛：低的波浪行动，时间短于巨浪vA tidal surge caused severe flooding in the coastal areas.v3)A sudden onrush:v突然来临的急流：va surge of jo

32、y. 喜从天降vA surge of anger rushed over him. 他勃然大怒v2. groove:(1) a deep line cut into a surface沟；槽；辙v(2) a settled routine that is hard to escape. 习惯，常规vWe never do anything exciting any more- we seem to be stuck in a groove.vThings just go along in the same old groove.vTheyre happy to stay in the same

33、 old groove. 他们乐于墨守成规。 Paraphrase 2: vNo man was born anything, except perhaps to a chance to show how far he could rise. Life was competition. v Nobody was born into this world with any rights or privileges; what he might do is to fully utilize every single opportunity within his reach and strive t

34、o achieve success. Para. 9vHis connection with his community vA deep sense of belonging to a national communityvFrom Atlantic to the Pacific and from Canada down MexicovHe saw his fate in terms of the nations own destinyvPara 9vprosper:To be fortunate or successful, especially in terms of ones finan

35、ces; thrive.v繁盛，成功：幸运或成功的，尤对某人财富而言；繁盛vChina is prospering with each passing day.v中国正在蒸蒸日上。 Para 9 He had, in other words, an acute dollars-and-cents stake in the continued growth and development of his country. An acute dollars-and-cents stake: a great investment in terms of wealth. The sentence mea

36、ns: His financial success was closely related to the development of his country.Para. 10summary of LeevThe Virginia aristocratvIn relation to his own regionvA static society/ not endure changevLoyalty localityPara. 11summary of GrantvFight for the broader concept of societyvGrowth, expansion and a c

37、onstantly widening horizonvSurvive or fall with the nationvNot stand by unmovedvCombat it with everything he hadvTo cut the ground out from under his feetv. tenacity:vThe state or quality of being坚韧, 固执：vadhere to the principle with an unremitting tenacityv百折不挠地坚持原则vtenacity of purpose 不屈不挠的志愿vTenac

38、ious: determined and not giving upv(1) She is very tenacious and will work hard and long to achieve objectives. v她是个锲而不舍的人，为了达到目标愿意长期苦干。v(2) He is regarded at the BBC as a tenacious and persistent interviewer. v在英国广播公司，他被看成一个不屈不挠、坚定执著的采访者。Para. 12summary of contrast between the twovTwo diametrically

39、 opposed elementsvGrant: modern, ready to come on the stage, the age of steel and machinery, of crowded cities and a restless burgeoning vitalityvLee: the old age of chivalry, lance (long spear长矛；蕾丝) in hand, silken banner fluttering over his headvSummary: the perfect champion, strengths and weaknes

40、svPara 12v1. Vitalityv1) The capacity to live, grow, or develop:v生命力：生存、生长或发展的能力：vplants that lost their vitality when badly pruned.v被修剪坏后丧失生命力的植物2)Physical or intellectual vigor; energy.生机，活力：身体或智力的活力；vA man of vitalityv3)Power to survive: 生存力：vthe vitality of an old tradition. 旧传统的生存力economic vita

41、lity 经济活跃vinferior vitality 低生活力 2. fluttervmoves up and down or from side to side with a lot of quick, light movements. 颤动;飘动;挥动v(1) Her chiffon skirt was fluttering in the night breeze. 她的雪纺裙在晚风中飘动着。v(2) .a butterfly fluttering its wings. v 挥动着翅膀的蝴蝶v(3) .the fluttering white lace handkerchief. 飘动的

42、白色蕾丝手绢Part 3vTransitional para.vSimilarities: marvelous fighters, fighting qualities was really very much alike (1) utter tenacity, fidelity: detail? (2) Indomitable quality: detail? (3) Daring and resourceful: detail? (4) Think fast: detail? (5) Turn war into peace: detail?Words and expressionsvund

43、erlyingvHung onvIndomitablevManassasvChancellorsvillevVicksburgvReconciliationLanguage pointsv1. Underlying;v1) Lying under or beneath something:v位于某物之下的：vunderlying strata.v下层v2)Basic; fundamental.v基础的；基本的v3)Present but not obvious; implicit:v出现但不明显的；隐含的：van underlying meaning.v潜在的意义vPara 14v2. Ind

44、omitable adj. never giving up or admitting that sb. has been defeated. 不屈不挠的; 不能征服的; 大无畏的; 不气馁的van indomitable will 百折不回的毅力vindomitable courage不屈不挠的勇气vHe was utterly indomitable. 他毫不气馁。v.the indomitable spirit of the Polish people. 波兰人民不屈不挠的精神vSynonym: Unyielding, unbeatable, impregnable, unruly ,un

45、conquerable, invincible vPara 15 v3. ManassasvAn independent city of northeast Virginia, west of Alexandria. The Civil War Battles of Bull Run (called the Battles of Manassas by the Confederates) were fought nearby in July 1861 and August 1862. v马纳萨斯：美国弗吉尼亚州东北部一座独立城市，位于亚历山德里拉的西面。1861年7月和1862年8月，此城附近

46、发生了美国内战中的布尔朗战役（南方诸邦称为马纳萨斯战役）。v4. ChancellorsvillevA former town of northeast Virginia west of Fredericksburg. It was the site of a major Civil War battle (May 2-4, 1863) in which the Confederates under Robert E. Lee defeated the Union forces commanded by Joseph Hooker. Stonewall Jackson was mortally

47、 wounded in the battle.v钱瑟勒斯维尔：弗吉尼亚州东北部的一个旧城镇，位于弗雷德里克斯堡以西。 内战时的一次重大战役在此展开（1863年5月2-4日）。罗伯特李率领的南部盟军击败了约瑟夫胡克指挥的联邦军队。斯通沃尔杰克逊在战斗中受了致命伤.v5. VicksburgvA city of western Mississippi on bluffs or cliffs above the Mississippi River west of Jackson. During the Civil War it was besieged from 1862 to 1863 and f

48、inally captured by troops led by Ulysses S. Grant on July 4, 1863. v维克斯堡：美国密西西比州西部的一座城市，位于杰克逊西部密西西比河岸峭壁上。在美国内战中，从1862到1863年间它被围困，在1863年7月4日被尤利西斯S格兰特领导的军队占领。7 states in the SouthSouth-CarolinaMississippiFloridaAlabamaGeorgiaLouisianaTexas23 states in the UnionvPara 16vdifficult sentence:No part of ei

49、ther mans life became him more than the part he played in their brief meeting in the McLean house at Appomatox.vThey were born for the role they played in the historic meeting in the McLean house at Appomatox.v两人的生活中再没有比在阿珀马特科斯马克莱恩住宅里的简会晤中所起的作用更能体现其个性了。PartsParas Main ideasOne 1-2The Appomattox meet

50、ing brought the Civil War to its virtual end.Two 3-12How Grant and Lee differed in background, sense of allegiance, etc.Three13-16What were the qualities they had in common.Ulysses S. Grant and Robert E. Lee DifferencessimilaritiesNotion SpritlifeTowards societyLeeAristocratic, inequalityChivalry St

51、aticknighthoodStaticLoyaltylocalityTenacity, fidelityIndomitable qualityDaring and resourcefulThink fastTurn war into peaceGrant democracyTough sincerity and sinewy fiberSelf-reliantA constantly widening horizonsGettysburg Address v(Delivered on the 19th Day of November, 1863 Cemetery Hill, Gettysburg, Pennsylvania )v Fourscore and seven years ago, our fathers brought forth upon this continent a new Nation, conceived in Liberty