初中定语从句课件精心完全版 (1)

1、Its an animal that/which.Which baby is Jack?穿白裤子的baby是Jack。The baby is Jack.The baby is Jack.whose shorts are whitewho is wearing white shortsJackWhich house is mine?棕色房顶的房子是我的。The house is mine.whose roof is brownMy house什么是定语从句呢？什么是定语从句呢？答案：修饰前面某一名词或代词答案：修饰前面某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。的从句叫定语从句。结构：结构： 先行词先行词

2、+ 关系词关系词 + 句子句子 The man who lives next to us is a policeman.先行词先行词_ 关系词关系词_ 定语从句定语从句关系词关系词关系代词关系代词: that, which, who, whom, whose关系副词关系副词: when, where, why关系代词：关系代词： 指物：指物：that which 指人：指人：who (主主/宾格宾格) that whom（宾格）（宾格）关系代词关系代词that, which引导的定语从句引导的定语从句: 如果如果先行词先行词是表示是表示物物的的名词或代词名词或代词，关系，关系代词应用代词应用t

3、hat、which. (作作主语主语或或宾语宾语)This is a dream.The dream will never come true.This is a dream which/that will never come true.The dog has been found.The dog was lost.The dog which was lost has been found.Practice: This is the house which is for sale.2. The book which is lying on the floor is mine.which /

4、that 作主语作主语. (不能省不能省)（作主语）（作主语）which / that 作宾语作宾语 ： （可省略）可省略）This is the card.Ive just received the card.This is the card which / that Ive just received. This is the mistake I always make a mistake. （作宾语）（作宾语）This is the mistake which/that I always make1.I lost the pen which my father bought me.关系代

5、词关系代词who, that, whom,whose引导的引导的定语从句定语从句: 如果如果先行词先行词是表示人的名词或代词，是表示人的名词或代词，关系代词应用关系代词应用who, that (作作主语主语或或宾语宾语)whom (作作宾语宾语) whosewho / that 作主语作主语. (不能省不能省)This is the film star.The film star is very popular in China.This is the film star who is very popular in China. eg.Do you know the man who spok

6、e at the meeting yesterday?/ that(作主语作主语)The boy who broke the window is called Roy.The boy is called Roy.He broke the windowwho / whom / that 作宾语：作宾语：( 可省略可省略)The man is a famous writer. He described the man just now.The man ( who/ whom/ that ) he described just now is a famous writer. (作宾语）作宾语） Th

7、e boy who(m) I m looking for is my friend. The thief has been sent to prison. The police caught the thief last night. The thief whom the police caught last night has been sent to prison.小结：小结： that who 指人，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，指人，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，可以省略可以省略,（常用（常用whom）注注:当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,定语定语从句的谓语动词形

8、式由从句的谓语动词形式由_定。定。既可指人，也可指物，作主语，既可指人，也可指物，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，可以省略。不能省略；作宾语，可以省略。指物，作主语，不能省略；指物，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，可以省略作宾语，可以省略.which 先行词先行词1.If you talk with someone who _ ( care ) for you, like your mom or dad, you will start to feel better. 2. Its an invention which _(be) used for keeping off the rain .caresis

9、He is the only one of the students who _ ( invite) to America. He is one of the students who _ ( invite) to America.are invitedis invited先行词先行词先行词先行词有时只能用有时只能用 that , 不用不用 which, 常见的情况有五种：常见的情况有五种： 当先行词是当先行词是 all, any, few, little, none, anything, everything, nothing , everybody,nobody, everyone, no

10、 one 或被它们修饰时。或被它们修饰时。 eg. He answered few questions that the teacher asked. Is there anything that I can do for you? 【 2012广西玉林广西玉林】-Now many people smoke and get ill.-So we should do something _ can help stop smoking. A. that B.which C.what 2. 当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时 Eg. This is the be

11、st novel that I have read. The first thing that I should do is to review my lessons.【2009山东烟台】I found some pictures of the most interesting places _ you can visit during the winter holidays. A. where B. which C. that 3. 当先行词有当先行词有the very, the only, the same等修等修饰时。饰时。Thats the only thing that I can

12、do now.These are the very words that he used.4. 当主句以当主句以 who 或或 which开头时，定语从句的开头时，定语从句的关系词用关系词用 that, 而不用而不用 which 或或 who.Who is the girl that spoke to you just now?Which is the pen that you lost ?【20062006年辽宁盘锦中考试题年辽宁盘锦中考试题】Who is the man _ you just talk with? A. who B. whose C. that 【20042004年常州市中

13、考试题年常州市中考试题】This is the only book _ I bought last year. A. which B. that C. what5. 先行词同时包括人或物时，关系词用先行词同时包括人或物时，关系词用that.The man and his dog that I always meet are standing by the gate.【2009辽宁盘锦辽宁盘锦】- What are they doing ？ -They are talking about the teachers and schools_ they visited ysterday. A. th

14、at B. which C. when whose 作定语作定语,表示所属关系。表示所属关系。 The boy is my classmate. The boys father is a policeman.The boy whose father is a policeman is my classmate.3、（、（2008甘肃兰州）甘肃兰州）We all like the teachers_class is interesting and creative.A.which B.whose C.whoExercise 1 :用关系代词填空用关系代词填空 The boy _ is playi

15、ng ping-pong is my classmate. The e-mail _ I received yesterday was from my sister. I hate people _ talk much but do little. The car _ my father bought last month is very beautiful.who / thatwhich/ thatwho / thatwhich / that5. The man _ hair is white is his grandfather.6. Is there a student _ father

16、 is a business man?7. This is the house in _ we have lived for 10 years.8.Ive never heard of the people and things _ you talked about just now.whosewhosewhich that当先行词同时指人和物时，关系代词只能用that.Exercise 2. My father and his teacher talked a lot about the persons and things _ they couldnt remember. Say all

17、_ you know. Is there anything _ I can do for you?thatthatthat当先行词是something, anything, nothing, all 等词时，关系代词只能用that.4.This is the first play _ I have seen since I came here.5. This is the best novel _ I have read.thatthat当先行词被序数词，最高级序数词，最高级等词修饰时，关系代词只能用that.6.Who is the girl _is standing under the t

18、ree?7. Which is the machine _ we used last Sunday.当主句是who或或which 引导的特殊疑问句引导的特殊疑问句，而中心词指人或物时，关系代词只能用that.thatthat只用只用which不用不用that的情况的情况 a) 引导非限定性定语从句时引导非限定性定语从句时。例如：。例如： （错）（错）The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here. 改正：改正：that改为改为which. b) 介词后不能用。介词后不能用。例如：例如： We depend on the

19、 land from which we get our food. 我们依赖土地获得食物。我们依赖土地获得食物。3.当先行词为当先行词为that，those时时Whats that which is under the desk? 定语从句分限制性定语从句和非限制性定语定语从句分限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。从句。非限制性定语从句的先行词和关系词常用逗非限制性定语从句的先行词和关系词常用逗号隔开，且不能用号隔开，且不能用that引导。引导。e.g. 1.I am reading Harry Porter, _is an interesting book.3.He failed in the

20、 exam, _made his parents angry.whichwhich关系副词：关系副词：when/ where/why when 作时间状语作时间状语:She will never forget the day.She was married on that day.She will never forget the day when (=on which)she was married.It was the year.The World War I broke out in the year.It was the year when (= in which) the World

21、 War I broke out.When = 介词介词 + which where 作地点状语作地点状语I want to know the place.I was born there.I want to know the place where (= in which) I was born.The table where (= at which ) she is sitting is a new one.where = 介词介词 + whichwhy 作原因状语作原因状语, 其先行词常常是其先行词常常是the reason.That is the reason why(= for wh

22、ich) Im late.I know the reason why he said it.why = for whichExercise1.October 1,1949 is the day _ the PRC was founded.which B. when C. that2.Is that the reason _ you are for the plan. which B. what C. why 3.October 1,1949 is the day _ the PRC was founded. A. which B. when C. that 4. Is this the pla

23、ce _ you were born? A. which B.where C .that判断关系代词与关系副词判断关系代词与关系副词重点重点关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词（关系代词（who, whom, that, which, whose）；）； 先行词在从句中做状语时，应先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词选择关系副词 （ where 地点状语，地点状语，when 时间状语，时间状语，why 原因状语）原因状语） 。判断改错：判断改错：1.This is the mo

24、untain village I visited last year.2.I will never forget the days I spent in the countryside. wherethat/whichwhenwhich/ that3. The man just said hello to me is my chemistry teacher. who4. Who is the man you just shook hands with him?5. Egypt is a country where is famous for its pyramids.( where whic

25、h) 6. This is the best dictionary which I have ever used.( which that) 7. The house where we live in is not very large.( where which/that) 8. The house that it was built in 1970 stayed up inthe earthquake. 9. That book that you want it is on the desk. 10. Is this factory that we visited last week?th

26、e oneThis factory is the one that we visited last week.11. He is the person for whom you are looking. for12. The person to whom you talked is Lily. The person whom you talked to is Lily.归纳：1定语从句要避免成分重复 2定语从句要避免漏用先行词 3含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开1.Ill never forget the days_ we worked together. 2.Ill never forget t

27、he days _ we spent together. 3.I went to the place _ I worked ten years ago. 4.I went to the place _ I visited ten years ago. 5.This is the reason _ he was late. 6.This is the reason _ he gave. 几种易混的情况几种易混的情况when /in whichwhichwhere/ in whichWhich/thatwhy/ for whichthat/which巩固练习巩固练习1. Is this museu

28、m _ you visited a few days ago? A. that B. on which C. the one2. Is this the museum _ the exhibition was held? A. whereB. on whichC. the oneCA3.Here is the pen _ you lost the day before yesterday.4.The wind blew down the tallest tree_ is in front of our school gate.5. My favorite city is Beijing _I

29、can visit the Great Wall.6. The house _we live in is very old.7.There is nothing in the world _ can frighten me.that/whichthatwherethat/whichthat8.The person _ you should write to is Mr. Ball.9.Who is the man _ spoke to you at the gate.10.He is the boy _hair is the shortest.11. Those _learns not onl

30、y from books but also through practice will succeed. that/whom/whothatwhosewhich链接中考链接中考（2005年哈市）年哈市）1.-Can you introduce the town to me? -OK. This is the town in _ I was born. A that B who C which（2006年哈市）年哈市）2.Im a football fan. Im interested in everything_ is about the 2006 World Cup. A. who B. t

31、hat C. where3(2007哈市哈市)Without friendship, one cant be happy although he is rich enoughAs for me, I will never forget the days_I spent with my dearest friend Athat Bwhen Cwho(2008年哈市年哈市)4. The duty of Project Hope is to help poor children, isnt it? Yes, it has built many schools _ those children can

32、 study happily. A. where B. when C. which(2009年哈市年哈市 )5Ten months has passed, but Chinese people still remember those exciting days_ they spent during the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games Athat Bwho Cwhen( 2010年哈市年哈市 ) 6. (2010哈尔滨哈尔滨)What do you usually do in your leisure time? I enjoy reading in the libr

33、ary _ I lose myself in a world of good books. A. A. which B. that C. where(2011年哈市年哈市)7. Get new knowledge by reviewing the old is a famous saying by Confucius(孔子孔子). He was a great thinker_ words still have a great effect on millions of people around the world today. A. who B. whos C. whose (2012年哈

34、市年哈市)8.A blog(博客博客) is considered as an invention_ can express your own ideas and feelings freely. Its the room to communicate with other people online. A. that B. who C. where勇攀高峰强化训练勇攀高峰强化训练1.He told her the reason_ he is unhappy, but she doesnt believe the reason _ he gives her.A. why; whyB. why; whichC. that; why2. Is this factory _some foreign friends visited last Friday? A. that B. where C. the one 3. Is this the factory _he worked ten years ago? A. that B. where C. the one 4. The wolves hid themselves in the places _ couldnt be found. A. that B. where C. in which 5. Ill