阅读理解之七选五

1、高考阅读理解高考阅读理解七选五七选五旬邑中学 肖丽芳 这种试题模式是给出一篇缺少五个句子的这种试题模式是给出一篇缺少五个句子的文章，对应有七个选项，要求同学们根据文文章，对应有七个选项，要求同学们根据文章结构、内容，选出正确的句子，填入相应章结构、内容，选出正确的句子，填入相应的空白处。空缺可能会出现在一个段落的首、的空白处。空缺可能会出现在一个段落的首、尾或者中间部分，也可能会空缺整个段落。尾或者中间部分，也可能会空缺整个段落。该题主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构该题主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。考查的以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。考查的重点在文章的结

2、构上，需要考生具有较强的重点在文章的结构上，需要考生具有较强的逻辑思维、想象、判断、推理和整合的能力。逻辑思维、想象、判断、推理和整合的能力。它要求考生不但要有扎实的语言基本功，而它要求考生不但要有扎实的语言基本功，而且要有较强的逻辑思维能力。且要有较强的逻辑思维能力。 命题要求命题要求 1. 短文一般为短文一般为300词左右的说明文或词左右的说明文或议论文，其中正文词数议论文，其中正文词数240左右，选左右，选项词数项词数60左右。左右。2. 短文篇章结构常为：提出问题短文篇章结构常为：提出问题解决问题。解决问题。3. 七个选项意义上都与短文相关，设七个选项意义上都与短文相关，设空类型一般有

3、标题类、段落主题句类、空类型一般有标题类、段落主题句类、过渡句类、细节类。过渡句类、细节类。4. 选项均为完整句子，句型不一。选项均为完整句子，句型不一。短文的特点短文的特点2015年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（全国卷） Building Trust in a Relationship Again Trust is a learned behavior that we gain from past experiences._36 Trust is a risk. But you cant be successful when theres a lack of trust in a relat

4、ionship that results from an action where the wrongdoer takes no responsibility to fix the mistake. Unfortunately, weve all been victims of betrayal. Whether weve been stolen from, lied to, misled, or cheated on, there are different levels of losing trust. Sometimes people simply cant trust anymore.

5、_37 Its understandable, but if youre willing to build trust in a relationship again, we have some steps you can take to get you there. _38 Having confidence in yourself will help you make better choices because you can see what the best outcome would be for your well-being. _39 If youve been betraye

6、d, you are the victim of your circumstance. But theres a difference between being a victim and living with a “victim mentality”. At some point in all of our lives, well have our trust tested or violated. You didnt lose “everything”. Once trust is lost, what is left? Instead of looking at the situati

7、on from this hopeless angle, look at everything you still have and be thankful for all of the good in your life._40 Instead, its a healthy way to work through the experience to allow room for positive growth and forgiveness. A. Learn to really trust yourself. B. It is putting confidence in someone.

8、C. Stop regarding yourself as the victim. D. Remember that you can expect the best in return. E. Theyve been too badly hurt and they cant bear to let it happen again. F. This knowledge carries over in their attitude toward their future relationships. G. Seeing the positive side of things doesnt mean

9、 youre ignoring what happened. BEACG考情分析考情分析七选五（阅读补全题）以考查七选五（阅读补全题）以考查细节理解为主。体裁以说明文细节理解为主。体裁以说明文和议论文居多，且结构清晰，和议论文居多，且结构清晰，过程完整，适合考查过程完整，适合考查标题概括、主题句和标题概括、主题句和过渡句过渡句等，以达到考等，以达到考查学生综合阅读能力查学生综合阅读能力的要求。的要求。 考点题量分布2010课标全国2011课标全国2012课标全国2013课标全国2014课标全国2015课标全国主题句120012过渡句111111细节句324432五年高考课标卷1阅读补全题量统计

10、表三看一排三看一排看上下句看上下句看连接词看连接词看大标题看大标题 小标题小标题做完一个答案排除做完一个答案排除一个答案一个答案看大、小标题看大、小标题 阅读文章的大小标题往往明确而直接的体现了全文的结构、条理和逻辑关系 How to Start a Business Unemployment rate is so high in present society that many young people are thinking about starting their own business. However, setting up on your own will by no mea

11、ns be easy._1 Make a business plan. If you decide to start a business, the first thing you must do is to draw up a realistic business plan Develop a survival strategy. . Get yourself noticed. . A. So it is really important to make a business plan. B. The tips below may help you to start a business.

12、C. Make sure you are running your business correctly by the law.B 2._ On the other hand, teenagers lose their patience continually when parents blame them for dropping the towel in the bathroom, not cleaning up their room. A. On the one hand, parents go mad over messy rooms.（1）表选择关系：eitherorneithern

13、or, or等（2）表因果关系：therefore, so, as a result, because of, due to, owing to, thanks to, thus等（3）表转折关系: yet, but, however, instead, while, still, on the contrary, on the other hand, nevertheless等（4）表递进关系: not onlybut ( also), whats more, besides, in addition, moreover, whats worse, worse still, above al

14、l等（5）表时间顺序: as soon as, at first, then, later, meanwhile, in the end, before long, for the first time, the minute/moment等（6）表解释说明: that is ( to say), namely, in other words, such as, for instance, for example, and so on等（7）表示总结: in a word, on the whole, in short, briefly, in brief, to sum up, in all

15、等 看连接词看连接词How to get high scores？ 1. 把握词汇的衔接把握词汇的衔接 2. 理清逻辑关系理清逻辑关系 3. 注意挖空位置注意挖空位置 1. 同义词和近义词 英语前言后语之间往往有同义词、近义词、近义表达语甚至相同词汇的重复使用，这是我们解题时一个很好的判断线索。其实就其本质而言，上文讲的代词和下文将涉及的上下义词和同一范畴词都是特殊的同义词和近义词。 There is an English saying, “Laughter is the best medicine.”_1 C. Until recently, few people took the sayi

16、ng seriously. 相同词汇的重复使用相同词汇的重复使用例例：Laura Ashley made a fortune by looking back to past centuries, searching for old designs to decorate a variety of clothes and household furnishings._ 正确选项句子为：These traditional products created a huge wave of demand from the States and elsewhere.分析：分析：空格前句中空格前句中old的

17、和选项中的的和选项中的traditional是近义词，是很明显的同义对应关系。有的候，是近义词，是很明显的同义对应关系。有的候，如果选项中出现空格前后句里相同的词汇，尤如果选项中出现空格前后句里相同的词汇，尤其是实词（特别是名词）这往往是很好的提示，其是实词（特别是名词）这往往是很好的提示，这就是所谓的原词复现现象。这就是所谓的原词复现现象。 2. 上下义词或同一范畴词什么是上下义词和同一范畴词？比如fruit和apple就是上下义词，因为前者包含了后者，或可以说后者是前者的一个子集；而apple, orange之间是同一范畴的关系，都属于fruit。利用前后句中这样的特殊的同义关系常常可以很

18、轻松地解题。 上下义词上下义词 it also works several groups of muscles in the face, the stomach, and even the feet._4 B. If laughter exercises the body, it must be beneficial. 例例：A recently study by American management institute shows that the processing of documents takes up 60% of office works time, 40% of labor

19、 costs and up to 10% of business income._ 正确选项句子为：These figures are hardly surprising since documents convey nine-tenths of all information.分析：选项中的these figures提示我们前句一定出现了大于或等于三个的数字figure/number/data等都是表示“数字、数据”的意思，空格前面现了三个百分数，属于数字的一种，是上下义词的关系。 3. 代词英语表达中的代词出现的频率极高。代词的作用是指代前面提及的名词或形容词概念，巧妙利用这样的指代关系和

20、根据代词的单复数差异可以准确而快速地解题。 doctors have began to look into laughter and the effects it has on the human body. _ 2 E. They have found that laughter really can improve peoples health. 1. 解释关系 前后句之间含有解释的逻辑关系。 例: _Thats why I dont wear a white coat. 正确选项句子为：White is not my lucky color. 2 顺逆关系英文行文中，后句对前句不是顺承逻

21、辑关系就是逆转逻辑关系。如果空格前后两句话之间是逻辑上的逆转，则空格处很有可能是个转折逻辑的句子。 例： Known as Glasgows most fashionable dentist,_ 正确选项句子为：Jerome is keen to point out that he takes his work very seriously. 3 因果关系前后句的逻辑是因果关系。 例例：There is no doubt that, in an increasingly competitive trading environment, we are better equipped than e

22、ver to complete and to win and we feel increasingly optimistic._ 正确选项句子为正确选项句子为：This is due to our now having a clear strategy with a focus on the customer, product improvement. 4 例证关系前后句的某句是为了证明另一句而举的例子。例证的形式多样，但就其本质而言无非是思维上的形象（例子、类比等）和抽象（观点）的辩证关系，用到的思维过程无非就是基本的归纳（从例子到观点）和推理（从观点到例子）。 例例：Managers sh

23、ould provide regular feedback to their staff._ 正确选项句子为正确选项句子为：For example, when good work has been done it must be praised. 通常是段落主题句。认真阅读通常是段落主题句。认真阅读空格后内容，考生应该会发现，空格后内容，考生应该会发现，通常情况下段落的中心都会出现通常情况下段落的中心都会出现在本段的开头部分。因此可以根在本段的开头部分。因此可以根据段落一致性原则，推断出该段据段落一致性原则，推断出该段的主题句。这对考生把握本段和的主题句。这对考生把握本段和理解全文是有指导意义

24、的。理解全文是有指导意义的。 如果挖空位置在段首如果挖空位置在段首2015年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（全国卷） _38 Having confidence in yourself will help you make better choices because you can see what the best outcome would be for your well-being. A. Learn to really trust yourself. B. It is putting confidence in someone. C. Stop regarding yourself as the victim. D. Remember that you can expect the best in return. E. Theyve been too badly hurt and they cant bear to let it happen again. 如果挖空位置在段尾如果挖空位置在段尾 通常是结论、概括性语句。在文中也往往起 到承上启下的过渡作用。注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结等的关联词。How to Increase Your Brain Capacity