名词冠词数词与练习100道

1、Nouns（名词）和Articles（冠词）Nouns（名词）1名词概述：表示人名、地名、食物名称以与抽象概念名称的词E.g. Liu Xiang 翔 Shanghai chocolate 巧克力 Expo 世博 future 未来2名词分类：名词可以根据其意义分为专有名词和普通名词两大类1> 专有名词：独一无二的个人、事物、地点、团体、机关、组织或国家等的专有名称E.g. Prince William 威廉王子 Indians 印第安人 the Great Wall 长城 Asia 亚洲the Chinese Communist Party 中国共产党 FIFA 国际足联 the Un

2、ited States 美国2> 普通名词包括：个体名词：student 学生 dictionary 字典 panda 熊猫集体名词：family家庭 people人民 class 班级物质名词：tea 茶 meat 肉 rain 雨 butter 奶油抽象名词：friendship 友谊 happiness 幸福 progress 进步 victory胜利3名词的数：可数名词和不可数名词1>可数名词A. 复数构成规则变化：1）一般情况下直接在词尾加-s：bookbooks bedbeds 2） 以s，x，sh，ch结尾的词，在词尾加-es：busbuses boxboxes di

3、shdishes watchwatches3）以f或fe结尾的词，变f或fe为v，再在词尾加-es：leafleaves knifeknives4）以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词变y为i，再在词尾加-es: citycites countrycounties5）以“元音字母+o”结尾的词在词尾加-s；以“辅音字母+o”结尾的词大多在词尾加-es: heroheroes potatopotatoes tomato-tomatoesB. 复数构成不规则变化：1） 元音发生变化：footfeet goosegeese womanwomen mousemice2） 词尾发生变化：childchildren

4、 oxoxen3） 单复数同形：fishfish sheepsheep deerdeer cattlecattle4） 表示“某国人”的名词复数形式词尾加-s：GermanGermans GreekGreeks IndianIndians RussianRussians AmericanAmericans AustralianAustralians CanadianCanadians单复数同形：ChineseChinese JapaneseJapanese将单数名词词尾-man为-men：EnglishmanEnglishmen FrenchwomanFrenchwomen5）外来词：phen

5、omenonphenomena sopranosopranos6）有些名词只有复数形式：trousers 裤子 scissors 剪刀 clothes 衣服 compasses 圆规7）复合名词的复数形式² 把第一个或最后一个词变成复数：passer-bypassers-by 过路人 grow-upgrown-ups 成年人 story-tellerstory-tellers 讲故事的人² 把构成复合名词的两个词都变成复数：man doctormen doctors woman teacherwomen teachers2>不可数名词A量的表达1） 在前面加表示数量的

6、短语。如：a tube of toothpaste 一支牙膏 a piece of news 一则新闻a bottle of ink 一瓶墨水 a cup of coffee 一杯咖啡 2）用some，much，a little，a lot of，plenty of，a great deal of等词修饰，如： a little butter a lot of food plenty of time a great deal of money much waterB可用复数的情况：1）表示不同类别时，可用复数。如：fishes 各种鱼 fruits 各种水果 teas 各种茶2） 有些物质名词

7、或抽象名词表达具体的人或事时，可变成可数名词。如：coffee咖啡a coffee 一杯咖啡 cloth布a cloth 一块桌布或抹布failure失败a failure 失败的人或是事 success成功a success 成功的人或事glass玻璃two glasses 两只玻璃杯 chicken鸡肉a chicken 一只小鸡4名词的所有格：1> s所有格：主要用于表示有生命的人或物的名词，A. 如果名词已有复数词尾-s或-es，则只在名词后加“ ”，e.g. his parents room但不以词尾-s或-es结尾的复数名词，其所有格仍然要加“ s”，e.g. men s c

8、lothesB. 两人或多人共有一种东西时，只需在最后一个人的名字后加s，e.g. This is Ann and my sisters room. 这是安和我的妹妹的房间。 但表示各自所有，则需要在每个名字后加s e.g. They are Johns and Nicks father. 他们是约翰和尼克的父亲。C. 有时所有格s所修饰的名词可以省略，e.g. the tailors (shop) 裁缝店 at Lis (home) 在家 D. s所修饰的名词若前面已提到，或后面要提起，则往往省略以避免重复， e.g. His pronunciation is much better tha

9、n Peters. Johns is a nice car, too. 2> 无生命的名词所有格，结构为“名词 + of + 名词”，e.g. the windows of the classroom 教室的窗户 the legs of the desk 桌子腿有时s结构也可以转换成of结构，表示强调：the boys toy=the toy of the boy3> 双重所有格：构成“of+名词所有格”或“of+名词性物主代词”，e.g. a friend of my fathers 我父亲朋友中的一个 several friends of mine 我的几个朋友In-Class

10、 Exercises：1. A: Whos standing over there?B: _?A. Browns B. Browns C. The Browns D. Brown2. This professor gave him one of the best _ after class.A. piece of advice B. pieces of advicesC. piece of advices D. pieces of advice3. Your play is _.A. a great success B. great successC. great successes D. a

11、 great piece of success4. Go straight, _ and youll find a sign for the toilet.A. three minutes away B. three minutes walkC. three minutes away D. three minutes walk5. I have three pen friends. One is _ the other two are _.A. Japanese; America B. Russian; GermanyC. Canada; Australia D. English; Frenc

12、hmen6. Linda, Ive bought many _. Now lets make the birthday cake.A. fresh eggs B. chocolate milk C. frozen food D. rice dumplings7. _ mothers couldnt go to the meeting, because they have gone to Chengdu.A. Li Lei and Lucys B. Li Leis and LucysC. Li Lei and Lucy D. Li Leis and Lucy8. We have bought t

13、wo _ for the coming party.A. box of apple B. boxes of apples C. box of apples D. boxes of apple9. Who did you spend last weekend with?A. Palmers B. The Palmers C. The Palmers D. The Palmers10. We decide to go for a field trip with some friends of _.A. us B. our C. ours D. ourselvesCDABD ABBCCArticle

14、s（冠词）冠词是虚词，本身不能单独使用，也没有词义，它用在名词的前面，帮助指明名词的含义。冠词分为不定冠词（a, an），定冠词（the），和零冠词I. 不定冠词（a, an）的用法：1指一类人或事，相当于a kind ofA plane is a machine that can fly.2第一次提与某人某物，非特指A boy is waiting for you.3表示“每一”相当于every，oneWe study eight hours a day.4表示“一样”相当于the sameWe are nearly of an age.5人名前，表示不认识此人或与某名人有类似性质的人或事A

15、 Mr. Smith came to visit you when you were out.That girl is rather a Lei Fen.6quite, rather, many, half, what, such后This room is rather a big one.7so (as, too, how) +形容词之后She is as clever a girl as you can wish to meet.8固定词组中a couple of/a bit/once upon a time/in a hurry/have a walkII. 定冠词（the）的用法：1表

16、示某一类人或物The horse is a useful animal.2世上独一无二的事物名词前the universe, the moon3表示说话双方都了解或上文提到过的人或事Would you mind opening the door? 4乐器前面play the violin, play the guitar5形容词和分词前表示一类人the reach, the living, the wounded6表示“一家人”或“夫妇”the Greens, the Wangs7序数词和形容词副词比较级、最高级前He is the taller of the two children.8国家

17、、党派，江河湖海，山川群岛等名词前the Communist Party of China, the United States, the Pacific Ocean9发明物的单数名词前The compass was invented in China.10在逢十的复数数词之前，指世纪的某个年代in the 1990s11单位的名词前I hired the car by the hour.12方位名词，身体部位名词，表示时间的词组前He patted me on the shoulder.III. 零冠词的用法：1专有名词，物质名词，抽象名词，人名、地名前PekingUniversity, J

18、ack, China, love, air2名词前有this, my, whose, some, no, each, every等限制I want this book, not that one. Whose purse is this?3季节，月份，星期，节假日，一日三餐前March, Sunday, National Day, spring4表示职位，身份，头衔的名词前Lincoln was elected President of America.5学科，语言，球类，棋类名词前He likes playing football/chess.6与by连用表示交通工具的名词前by train

19、, by air, by land7以and连接的两个相对的名词并用时husband and wife, knife and fork, day and night8表示泛指的复数名词前Horses are useful animals.In-Class Exercises1. -John，there is _Mr. Wilson on the phone for you.-Im in _ bath.A. a; the B. the; a C. a; 不填 D. the; 不填2. The most important thing about cotton in history is _par

20、t that it played in _Industrial Revolution.A.不填;不填 B. the;不填 C. the; the D. a; the3. The Wilsons live in _A-shaped house near the coast. It is _17th century cottage.A. the; / B. an; the C./;the D. an：a4. Tom owns _ larger collection of _books than any other student in our class. A. the; 不填 B. a;不填 C

21、. a; the D.不填：the5. When you come here for your holiday next time，dont go to _hotel：I can find you _bed in my flat.A. the; a B. the;不填 C a; the D. a;不填6. On _news today，there were _reports of heavy snow in that area.A. the：the B. the;不填 C.不填;不填 D.不填;the7. -Where is my blue shirt?-Its in the washing

22、machine. You have to wear _different one.A. any B. the C. a D.other8. An accident happened at _crossroads a few meters away from _bank.A. a; a B.不填; a C.不填;the D. the：不填9. Most animals have little connection with _ animals of _ different kind unless they kill them for food.A. the; a B.不填; a C. the;

23、the D.不填：the10. A bullet hit the soldier and he was wounded in _leg.A. a B. one C. the D. hisACDBA BCABCHomework:I. Nouns:A. Fill the blanks.1. There are lots of _ (mouse) in the field.2. Thousands of people lost their _ (life) in the earthquake. 3. Some _ (child) are flying _ (kite) near the river.

24、 4. After three _ (month) study, the scientists worked out the physics problem. 5. Toms drawing is much better than any of his _ (classmate). 6. Today is September 10th. Its _ (teacher)Day. Lets go and buy some flowers for our teachers.7. A lot of _ (deer) are eating grass at the foot of the hill.8.

25、 How many _ (people) are there in your family?9. I have two _ (sister-in-law).10. She has gone to the _ (hairdresser)mice/lives/childrenkites/months/classmates/Teachers/deer/people/sisters-in-law/hairdressersB. Multiple Choice1. We need _ in our new laboratory. A a good deal of equipment B a large n

26、umber of equipments C a great many equipments D a plenty of equipment2. Now, many people use the word Ms. instead of Miss or Mrs., for example, before the names of _ in business letters.A woman manager B women manager C woman managers D women managers3. _ room is big and bright. They like it very mu

27、ch.A Tom and Sam B Toms and Sam C Tom and Sams D Toms and Sams4. Mr. Brown wasnt in his car; he was driving _ car.A someones else B someone else C someone elses D someones elses5. May I take your order now?Wed like three black _. A coffee B coffees C cups of coffees D cup of coffees6. Go and have _

28、before we set out.A sleep B a good sleep C the sleep D some good sleep7. If the shoes are too small, buy a bigger _.A one B pair C copy D set8. The _ is just around the corner and you wont miss it.A bicycles shop B bicycle shop C bicycles shop D bicycles shop9. How is Joys skirt?Her skirt is more be

29、autiful than _. A her sisters and Kate B her sister and Kate C her sister and Kates D her sisters and Kates10. There was a small _ of sugar in the bowel.A number B amount C part D size11. There are several _ in this novel who are different in _.A character; character B character; characters C charac

30、ters; characters D characters; character12. They like these dishes and _.A. the tea cup B the teas cup C the cup of tea D the cup for the tea.13. _ food and equipment was kept in that cave during the war time.A Quiet a few B Large quantities C A great deal of D A large number of 14. Mum, Im thirsty.

31、 Will you please give me some _? A pencils B cake C water D books15. Oh, there isnt enough _ for us in the lift.No hurry. Lets wait for the next.A ground B floor C place D roomADCCB BBBDB DACCDII. Articles A. Fill the blanks (a/an/the if necessary).1. English is _ useful language. It is often used a

32、s _ second language.2. There is a pen in my _ other hand.3. Lets ask _ lady in red.4. This is _ one-foot-deep hole.5. What _ important piece of news it is!6. My brother was playing _ basketball while I was playing _ piano.7. _ Yellow River is the second longest river in China.8. Mary will be made _

33、monitor of her class.9. Mr. Black didnt go to work yesterday because he was ill in _ bed.10. _ man who gave us a talk on space yesterday is _ famous scientist.11. That evening _ Browns had _ nice supper.12. Do you think Angela is _ honest?Yes, she is _ honest girl.13. _ “h” in the word “hour” is a s

34、ilent sound.14. Is _ Nile in _ Asia?B. Multiple Choice1. One afternoon he found _ handbag. There was _ “s” on the corner of _ handbag. A. a; an; the B. a; a; the C. an; an; an D. the; a; a2. _ old lady with white hair spoke _ English well at _ meeting.A. An; an; a B. The; /; an C. The; / ;a D. The;

35、/ ;the3. He used to be _ teacher but later he turned _ writer. A. a; a B. a; the C. /; a D. a; /4. They made him _ king. A. a B. the C. an D. /5. Is he _ American boy? A. an B. a C. one D. /6. Don't play _ basketball here. It's dangerous. A. a B. an C. / D. the7. Bill is _ English teacher. H

36、e likes playing _ chess. A. a; the B. an; the C. a;/ D. an;/8. Australia is _ English-speaking country. A. a B. an C. the D. /9. Beijing is _ beautiful city. It's _ capital of China.A. a; a B. the; the C. /; the D. a; the 10. I've been a student there for nearly two and _ half years. A. a B.

37、 an C. the D. / 11. The museum is quite far. It will take you half _ hour to get there by _ bus. A. an; / B. an; a C. a; / D. /; /ADDDA CDBDAAIII. Tenses: 1. My brother _ (like) watching TV very much.2. She _ _ (not walk) in the park every day.3. The teacher said the sun _ (rise) in the east and _ (

38、set) in the west.4. As soon as she _ (come), Ill phone you.5. I _ (go) with you to the cinema this afternoon if Im free.6. _ you please _ (help) me with my English?7. I _ (have) super when Tom came in.8. What _ you _ (do) this time yesterday? I _ (listen) to the English programme.9. She _ just _ (he

39、ar) from her friend.10. I _ _ (not see) my uncle since I left my hometown.11. Emily said that she _ (visit) her uncle next Sunday.12. I _ (teach) Chinese for three years before I came to this school.13. If I _ (be) free tomorrow, I _ (come) to the party.14. They _ (wait) for you for an hour in your office.15. They _ (enjoy) themselves last Sunday.16. My brother _ (fall) while he _ (ride) his bike and _ (hurt) himself.17. The children _ (play) video games every day during that holiday.18. P