新编简明语言学作业以及答案

1、1 Which of the following modes of study emphasizes the correct and standard usage of language?选择一项：a. synchronic b. prescriptive c. diachronic d. descriptive 正确答案是：prescriptive2 Language can be used to refer to contexts removed from the immediate situations of the speaker. This feature is called_,选择

2、一项：a. cultural transmission b. flexibility c. displacement d. duality 题目3An important difference between traditional grammarians and modern linguists in their study of language is that the former tended to over-emphasize the written form of language and encourage people to imitate the "best aut

3、hors" for language usage.选择一项：对 错 题目4General linguistics is generally the study of language as a whole.选择一项：对 错 正确的答案是“对”。题目5Language is said to be arbitrary because there is no logical connection between _ and meanings.选择一项：a. sense b. objects c. ideas d. sounds 题目6正确获得1.00分中的1.00分标记题目题干The di

4、scipline that studies the rules governing the formation of words into permissible sentences in languages is called s_.答案：反馈g正确答案是：syntax题目7正确获得1.00分中的1.00分标记题目题干According to Chomsky, _ is the ideal user's internalized knowledge of his language.选择一项：a. competence b. parole c. performance d. langu

5、e 反馈你的回答正确正确答案是：competence题目8正确获得1.00分中的1.00分标记题目题干Modern linguistics is different from traditional grammar.选择一项：对 错 反馈Tg正确的答案是“对”。题目9正确获得1.00分中的1.00分标记题目题干In the study of linguistics, hypotheses formed should be checked repeatedly against the observed facts to fully prove their validity.选择一项：对 错 反馈

6、Tg正确的答案是“对”。题目10正确获得1.00分中的1.00分标记题目题干Pragmatics is different from semantics in that pragmatics studies meaning not in isolation, but in context.选择一项：对 错 反馈Tg正确的答案是“对”。题目11正确获得1.00分中的1.00分标记题目题干If a linguistic study describes and analyzes the language people actually use, it is said to be _.选择一项：a.

7、descriptive b. analytic c. linguistic d. prescriptive 反馈correct feedbackg正确答案是：descriptive题目12正确获得1.00分中的1.00分标记题目题干Which of the following is NOT a design feature of human language?选择一项：a. Meaningfulness b. Displacement c. Duality d. Arbitrariness 反馈correct feedbackg正确答案是：Meaningfulness题目13正确获得

8、1.00分中的1.00分标记题目题干In the history of any language the writing system always came into being before the spoken form.选择一项：对 错 反馈正确的答案是“错”。题目14正确获得1.00分中的1.00分标记题目题干Sociolinguistics is the study of language in relation to society.选择一项：对 错 反馈Tg正确的答案是“对”。题目15正确获得1.00分中的1.00分标记题目题干The phenomenon that the s

9、ame object is referred to by different forms in different languages illustrates the _ nature of human language.选择一项：a. arbitrary b. genetic c. logical d. creative 反馈你的回答正确正确答案是：arbitrary题目16正确获得1.00分中的1.00分标记题目题干According to F. de Saussure, _ refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all th

10、e members of a speech community.选择一项：a. language b. parole c. langue d. performance 反馈correct feedbackg正确答案是：langue题目17不正确获得1.00分中的0.00分标记题目题干General linguistics, which relates itself to the research of other areas, studies the basic concepts, theories, descriptions, models and methods applicable in

11、 any linguistic study.选择一项：对 错 反馈Fg正确的答案是“错”。题目18正确获得1.00分中的1.00分标记题目题干Modern linguistics is mostly prescriptive, but sometimes descriptive.选择一项：对 错 反馈Tg正确的答案是“错”。题目19正确获得1.00分中的1.00分标记题目题干Linguistics is generally defined as the s_ study of language.答案：反馈g正确答案是：scientific题目20不正确获得1.00分中的0.00分标记题目题干I

12、n modern linguistics, speech is regarded as more basic than writing, because _.选择一项：a. All of the choices b. in linguistic evolution, speech is prior to writing c. speech is always the way in which every native speaker acquires his mother tongue d. speech plays a greater role than writing in terms o

13、f the amount of information conveyed. 反馈incorrect feedbackg正确答案是：All of the choices窗体底端窗体顶端A scientific study of language is based on what the linguist thinks.选择一项：对 错 反馈Tg正确的答案是“错”。题目2正确获得1.00分中的1.00分标记题目题干The study of the ways in which morphemes can be combined to form words is called morphology.选

14、择一项：对 错 反馈Tg正确的答案是“对”。题目3正确获得1.00分中的1.00分标记题目题干Linguistics studies particular language, not languages in general.选择一项：对 错 反馈Tg正确的答案是“错”。题目4正确获得1.00分中的1.00分标记题目题干Modern linguistics is mainly diachronic.选择一项：对 错 反馈正确的答案是“错”。题目5正确获得1.00分中的1.00分标记题目题干Social changes can often bring about language changes

15、.选择一项：对 错 反馈Tg正确的答案是“对”。题目6正确获得1.00分中的1.00分标记题目题干Modern linguistics regards the written language as _.选择一项：a. secondary b. correct c. primary d. stable 反馈correct feedbackg正确答案是：secondary题目7正确获得1.00分中的1.00分标记题目题干Linguistics is generally defined as the scientific study of language.选择一项：对 错 反馈Tg正确的答案是“

16、对”。题目8正确获得1.00分中的1.00分标记题目题干The distinction between competence and performance was proposed by F. de Saussure.选择一项：对 错 反馈Tg正确的答案是“错”。题目9正确获得1.00分中的1.00分标记题目题干Morphology studies how words can be formed to produce meaningful sentences.选择一项：对 错 反馈Tg正确的答案是“错”。题目10正确获得1.00分中的1.00分标记题目题干Modern linguistics

17、 regards the written language as primary, not the spoken language.选择一项：对 错 反馈Tg正确的答案是“错”。题目11不正确获得1.00分中的0.00分标记题目题干Syntax is different from morphology in that the former not only studies the morphemes, but also the combination of morphemes into words and words into sentences.选择一项：对 错 反馈Tg正确的答案是“对”。

18、题目12正确获得1.00分中的1.00分标记题目题干The the famous quotation from Shakespeare's play Romeo and Juliet " A rose by any other name would smell as sweet" well illustrates _.选择一项：a. the creative nature of language b. the big difference between human language and animal communication c. the universal

19、ity of language d. the arbitrary nature of language 反馈你的回答正确正确答案是：the arbitrary nature of language题目13正确获得1.00分中的1.00分标记题目题干The study of meaning in language is known as semantics.选择一项：对 错 反馈Tg正确的答案是“对”。题目14正确获得1.00分中的1.00分标记题目题干Both semantics and pragmatics study meanings.选择一项：对 错 反馈Tg正确的答案是“对”。题目15

20、正确获得1.00分中的1.00分标记题目题干Linguistics is the scientific study of _.选择一项：a. the English language b. human languages in general c. the system of a particular language d. a particular language 反馈你的回答正确正确答案是：human languages in general题目16正确获得1.00分中的1.00分标记题目题干The details of any language system is passed on

21、from one generation to the next through _ , rather than by instinct.选择一项：a. genes b. books c. learning and teaching d. governments 反馈correct feedbackg正确答案是：learning and teaching题目17正确获得1.00分中的1.00分标记题目题干A diachronic study of language is the description of language at some point of time in history.选择

22、一项：对 错 反馈Tg正确的答案是“错”。题目18不正确获得1.00分中的0.00分标记题目题干In linguistics, p_ refers to the realization of langue in actual use.答案：反馈g正确答案是：parole题目19正确获得1.00分中的1.00分标记题目题干Chomsky uses the term _ to refer to the actual realization of a language user's knowledge of the rule of his language in linguistic com

23、munication.选择一项：a. langue b. parole c. performance d. competence 反馈你的回答正确正确答案是：performance题目20正确获得1.00分中的1.00分标记题目题干Chomsky defines " competence” as the ideal user's k_ of the rules of his language.答案：反馈g正确答案是：knowledge窗体底端窗体顶端题目1正确获得1.00分中的1.00分标记题目题干The function of using language to expla

24、in the meaning of language itself is called its _ function.选择一项：a. phatic b. conative c. referential d. metalinguistic 反馈你的回答正确正确答案是：metalinguistic题目2正确获得1.00分中的1.00分标记题目题干We know that d_ is one of the design features of human language which refers to the phenomenon that language consists of two lev

25、els: a lower level of meaningless individual sounds and a higher level of meaningful units.答案：反馈g正确答案是：duality题目3正确获得1.00分中的1.00分标记题目题干According to Chomsky, _ is the ideal user's internalized knowledge of his language.选择一项：a. parole b. competence c. langue d. performance 反馈你的回答正确正确答案是：competence

26、题目4正确获得1.00分中的1.00分标记题目题干Human capacity for language has a g_ basis, but the details of language have to be taught and learned.答案：反馈g正确答案是：genetic题目5正确获得1.00分中的1.00分标记题目题干Which of the following features of language makes it possible for language users to overcome the limitations of time and space in

27、 communication?选择一项：a. arbitrariness b. displacement c. productivity d. duality 反馈你的回答正确正确答案是：displacement题目6正确获得1.00分中的1.00分标记题目题干Which of the following modes of study emphasizes the correct and standard usage of language?选择一项：a. descriptive b. diachronic c. prescriptive d. synchronic 反馈你的回答正确正确答案是

28、：prescriptive题目7正确获得1.00分中的1.00分标记题目题干Saussure took a _ view of language, while Chomsky looks at language from a _ point of view.选择一项：a. semantic and linguistic b. sociologicalpsychological c. psychologicalsociological d. applied pragmatic 反馈correct feedbackg正确答案是：sociologicalpsychological题目8正确获得1.0

29、0分中的1.00分标记题目题干Pragmatics is different from semantics in that pragmatics studies meaning not in isolation, but in context.选择一项：对 错 反馈Tg正确的答案是“对”。题目9正确获得1.00分中的1.00分标记题目题干The writing system of a language is always a later invention used to record speech; thus there are still many languages in today&#

30、39;s world that can only be spoken, but not written.选择一项：对 错 反馈正确的答案是“对”。题目10正确获得1.00分中的1.00分标记题目题干A historical study of language is a _ study of language.选择一项：a. prescriptive b. comparative c. diachronic d. synchronic 反馈correct feedbackg正确答案是：diachronic题目11正确获得1.00分中的1.00分标记题目题干We can produce and u

31、nderstand an unlimited number of sentences we have never come across before; this is good evidence that language is _.选择一项：a. genetically transmitted b. rule-governed c. culturally transmitted d. productive 反馈你的回答正确正确答案是：productive题目12正确获得1.00分中的1.00分标记题目题干Phonetics is different from phonology in th

32、at the latter studies the combinations of the sounds to convey meaning in communication.选择一项：对 错 反馈Tg正确的答案是“对”。题目13正确获得1.00分中的1.00分标记题目题干Langue refers to the a回答 linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community while the parole is the concrete use of the conventions and application

33、of the rules.反馈g正确答案是：abstract题目14正确获得1.00分中的1.00分标记题目题干The study of the ways in which morphemes can be combined to form words is called morphology.选择一项：对 错 反馈Tg正确的答案是“对”。题目15正确获得1.00分中的1.00分标记题目题干The fact that different languages have different words for the same object is good proof that human lan

34、guage is _.选择一项：a. arbitrary b. logical c. productive d. non-arbitrary 反馈你的回答正确正确答案是：arbitrary题目16正确获得1.00分中的1.00分标记题目题干Findings in linguistic studies can often be applied to the settlement of some practical problems. The study of such applications is generally known as a_ linguistics.答案：反馈g正确答案是：ap

35、plied题目17正确获得1.00分中的1.00分标记题目题干The description of a language as it changes through time is a _ study.选择一项：a. diachronic b. comparative c. descriptive d. synchronic 反馈你的回答正确正确答案是：diachronic题目18正确获得1.00分中的1.00分标记题目题干Language is a system of a回答 vocal symbols used for human communication.反馈g正确答案是：arbitr

36、ary题目19正确获得1.00分中的1.00分标记题目题干Language is p_ in that it makes possible the construction and interpretation of new signals by its users. In other words, they can produce and understand an infinitely large number of sentences which they have never heard before.答案：反馈g正确答案是：productive题目20正确获得1.00分中的1.00分

37、标记题目题干A diachronic study of language is the description of language at some point of time in history.选择一项：对 错 反馈Tg正确的答案是“错”。窗体底端窗体顶端题目1正确获得1.00分中的1.00分标记题目题干A/an _ is a unit that is of distinctive value. It is an abstract unit, a collection of distinctive phonetic features.选择一项：a. phoneme b. sound c

38、. phone d. allophone 反馈correct feedbackg正确答案是：phoneme题目2正确获得1.00分中的1.00分标记题目题干In linguistic evolution, speech is prior to writing.选择一项：对 错 反馈Tg正确的答案是“对”。题目3正确获得1.00分中的1.00分标记题目题干In everyday communication, speech plays a greater role than writing in terms of the amount of information conveyed.选择一项：对

39、错 反馈Tg正确的答案是“对”。题目4正确获得1.00分中的1.00分标记题目题干The sound /f/ is _.选择一项：a. voiced alveolar stop b. voiceless labiodental fricative c. voiced palatal affricate d. voiceless velar fricative 反馈correct feedbackg正确答案是：voiceless labiodental fricative题目5正确获得1.00分中的1.00分标记题目题干The rules that govern the combination

40、of sounds in a particular language are called s_ rules.答案：反馈g正确答案是：sequential题目6正确获得1.00分中的1.00分标记题目题干The letter "n" in the word "incorrect" is actually pronounced as the velar nasal instead of the alveolar nasal. This is the result of the _ rule at work.选择一项：a. deletion b. assim

41、ilation c. morphological d. sequential 反馈你的回答正确正确答案是：assimilation题目7不正确获得1.00分中的0.00分标记题目题干 A basic way to determine the phonemes of a language is to see if substituting one sound for another results in a change of meaning.选择一项：对 错 反馈Fg正确的答案是“对”。题目8正确获得1.00分中的1.00分标记题目题干Depending on the context

42、 in which stress is considered, there are two kinds of stress: word stress and s_ stress.答案：反馈g正确答案是：sentence题目9正确获得1.00分中的1.00分标记题目题干Of the following sound combinations, only _ is permissible according to the sequential rules of English.选择一项：a. ilkb b. bkil c. ilbk d. kilb 反馈你的回答正确正确答案是：kilb题目10正确获

43、得1.00分中的1.00分标记题目题干Which of the following is NOT a phonological minimal pair?选择一项：a. fru:t  flu: b. mi:n  mu:n c. mi:n  mi:t d. bri:d  bred 反馈你的回答正确正确答案是：fru:t  flu:题目11不正确获得1.00分中的0.00分标记题目题干 A_ refers to a strong puff of air stream in the production of speech sounds.答

44、案：反馈g正确答案是：Aspiration题目12正确获得1.00分中的1.00分标记题目题干English consonants can be classified in terms of place of articulation and the part of the tongue that is raised the highest.选择一项：对 错 反馈Fg正确的答案是“错”。题目13不正确获得1.00分中的0.00分标记题目题干Voicing is a phonological feature that distinguishes meaning in both Chinese a

45、nd English.选择一项：对 错 反馈Fg正确的答案是“对”。题目14正确获得1.00分中的1.00分标记题目题干 Phonology is concerned with how the sounds can be classified into different categories.选择一项：对 错 反馈Fg正确的答案是“错”。题目15正确获得1.00分中的1.00分标记题目题干The sound a_ is actually reflected in spelling in most cases.答案：正确答案是：assimilation Any sound

46、produced by a human being is a phoneme.选择一项：对 错 Which phonetic feature is missing in the following description of the consonant? f - voiceless, fricative选择一项：a. dental b. labio-dental c. alveolar d. palatal Of all the speech organs, the t _ is the most flexible, and is responsible for varieties

47、 of articulation than any other.正确答案是：tongue_ is a voiced alveolar stop.选择一项：a. /d/ b. /z/ c. /k/ d. /b/ 正确答案是：/d/Articulatory phonetics tries to describe the physical properties of the stream of sounds which a speaker issues with the help of a machine called spectrograph.选择一项：对 错 正确的答案是“错”。窗体底端When

48、 the obstruction created by the speech organs is total or complete, the speech sound produced with the obstruction audibly released and the air passing out again is called a s_.答案：反馈g正确答案是：stopWhen pitch, stress and sound length are tied to the sentence rather than the word in isolation, they are co

49、llectively known as i_.正确答案是：intonationDistinctive features of sound segments can be found running over a sequence of two or more phonemic segments.选择一项：对 错 A phone is a phonetic unit that distinguishes meaning.选择一项：对 错 P_ is a discipline which studies the system of sounds of a particular language a

50、nd how sounds are combined into meaningful units to effect linguistic communication.正确答案是：PhonologyIn terms of the place of articulation, the following sounds t, d, s, z and n share the feature of _.选择一项：a. dental b. palatal c. alveolar d. bilabial 正确答案是：alveolarT_ are pitch variations, which are ca

51、used by the differing rates of vibration of the vocal cords and which can distinguish meaning just like phonemes.正确答案是：TonesDistinctive features can be found running over a sequence of two or more phonemic segments. The phonemic features that occur above the level of the segments are called _.选择一项：a

52、. phonetic components b. suprasegmental features c. immediate constituents d. semantic features 反馈correct feedbackWhen two different forms are identical in every way except for one sound segment which occurs in the same place in the strings, the two words are said to form a phonemic contrast.选择一项：对 错 The articulatory apparatus of a human being are contained in three important cavities: the pharyngeal cavity, the o_ cavity and the nasal cavity.答案：反馈g正确答案是：oral