浙江大学英语课件6

1、Unit 6 Man and AnimalsIntroduction (Para. 1)The comparison of aggression in animals and human beings (Para. 2-4)An animal may show abnormal aggressiveness in abnormal conditions. (Para. 2)B. Human aggression. (Para. 3)C. The reasons for human aggression. (Para. 4) Solutions to the problem (Para. 5)s

2、hould a fight follow(2) If it had not had this disabilityIf the human population had not increased so rapidlyIf the caged lionwere free此三类句子体现了虚拟语气的三种时态变化。此三类句子体现了虚拟语气的三种时态变化。第第1句中句中 “should a fight follow”是表示将来是表示将来情况的虚拟语气，意思为情况的虚拟语气，意思为 “if a fight should follow”，句中省略了，句中省略了 “if”，将，将 “should” 提前，构

3、成倒装，表示提前，构成倒装，表示“万一，一旦万一，一旦”的意思。的意思。值得注意的是本句中的主句部分未使用虚拟语值得注意的是本句中的主句部分未使用虚拟语气。气。(2) 第二部分这两句是与过去事实相反的虚拟语第二部分这两句是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。这类句子，气。这类句子，从句用从句用“had +动词过去分动词过去分词词”，主句用，主句用“would/should/could/might + have + 动词过去分词动词过去分词”。(3) 第第3句是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气。句是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气。从句用从句用 “did/were”，主句用，主句用 “would/should/could

4、/ might + 动词原型动词原型”。Everything _ (be destroyed) if Albert hadnt called the fire brigade.Fill in the blanks with the verbs in the subjective Fill in the blanks with the verbs in the subjective mood.mood.If we had been more careful, we _(get) much better results now.“If I hadnt practiced when I was yo

5、unger,” the musician says, “I _ (not be) able to play so well now.”would have been destroyed would have got wouldnt be _ (he leave) today, he would get there by Friday. Were he to leave If man were not aggressive by nature, he _ (be) happier but less creative.would be 1. 句首是否定词或词组句首是否定词或词组，如，如rarely

6、, never, little, few, seldom, no longer, in vain, at no time, not until, nowhere, on no account，以及，以及not a (single) +名词构成的宾语位于句首名词构成的宾语位于句首, 或者句首是或者句首是no soonerthan, scarcely (hardly)when, not onlybut also等连词词组。等连词词组。以上两句都是部分倒装（助动词提前，实义动词以上两句都是部分倒装（助动词提前，实义动词仍在主语之后）的句子。这两种倒装现象总结如仍在主语之后）的句子。这两种倒装现象总结

7、如下：下：。Beijing has reiterated that under no circumstances will China use nuclear weapons first.她刚出门她刚出门，就有个学生来访。，就有个学生来访。O n l y u n d e r s p e c i a l circumstances are students permitted to graduate in advance.只有校方有只有校方有决定权。决定权。只有在特殊情况下只有在特殊情况下, , 学生才被准许学生才被准许提前毕业。提前毕业。2. 句首是句首是Only + 状语状语(从句、副词、介

8、词短语从句、副词、介词短语) 注注: Only + 主语不倒装主语不倒装It is not surprising if sth. happens 如果发生了什么事，人们不会感到吃惊。如果发生了什么事，人们不会感到吃惊。 他过去说谎太多，如果人们现在不信任他他过去说谎太多，如果人们现在不信任他也是毫不也是毫不为奇的为奇的。在日本，如果妇女生了小孩后在日本，如果妇女生了小孩后永远地辞去工作，永远地辞去工作，这一点也不这一点也不奇怪奇怪。 在这种条件下，人们在这种条件下，人们之间变得寻衅好斗也就之间变得寻衅好斗也就不不足为奇了足为奇了。 此句中两个此句中两个 从句都是定语从句。本文作从句都是定语从句

9、。本文作者多用主从复合句来表达事物内部错综复杂的者多用主从复合句来表达事物内部错综复杂的逻辑关系，体现了文章逻辑思维缜密的特点。逻辑关系，体现了文章逻辑思维缜密的特点。请将上面的主从复合句译成译语。请将上面的主从复合句译成译语。（提示：英译汉时句子顺序不一定对应，另外（提示：英译汉时句子顺序不一定对应，另外汉语多用流水句、小句。）汉语多用流水句、小句。） 有一只老虎有一只老虎从丛林跑到村庄来，袭击了人从丛林跑到村庄来，袭击了人。人们后来发现原来它的爪子受了伤，人们后来发现原来它的爪子受了伤，使它显然使它显然不能像平时那样去猎食不能像平时那样去猎食。aggression (n.) (Title)

10、 侵略；敌对的情绪或行为；攻击侵略；敌对的情绪或行为；攻击 行动行动构词法：构词法：adj. aggressive (Line 1, Para. 1) 好争吵的；有进取心的；有冲劲的好争吵的；有进取心的；有冲劲的adv. aggressively 好斗地；挑衅性地；好争吵地好斗地；挑衅性地；好争吵地n. aggressiveness 敌对情绪敌对情绪n. aggressor (正式；贬义正式；贬义) 侵略者侵略者男孩子总是通过打架来表现他们男孩子总是通过打架来表现他们的的敌对情绪敌对情绪。 他现在好像不那么他现在好像不那么咄咄逼人咄咄逼人了。了。 He appeared to be now i

11、n a less aggressive mood.一个一个积极进取的积极进取的年轻人在这所大学里是会大有作为年轻人在这所大学里是会大有作为的。的。An aggressive young man can go far in this university.请了解以下常见表达。请了解以下常见表达。an aggression upon ones rightcommit aggression againstair aggressioncommercial / cultural / economic aggressionan aggression on sb.s personal libertyterr

12、itorial (adj.) (Line 4, Para. 1) 1) 守卫自身活动地域的；领域性的守卫自身活动地域的；领域性的 2) 领土的；属地的领土的；属地的请了解以下常见表达。请了解以下常见表达。territory (n.) (Line 5, Para. 1) 1) C; U land ruled by one government 领土；版图领土；版图 2) area regarded by a person, animal as belonging to it alone 地盘；领地地盘；领地 3) area of knowledge or activity (知识或活动的知识或活

13、动的)范围，领域范围，领域请完成下面的句子。请完成下面的句子。他的研究兴趣他的研究兴趣甚广甚广。His scientific interests _.他们解放了囚犯及他们解放了囚犯及被占领土被占领土。They liberated the prisoners, _.the occupied territoriescover a wide territory intrude (v.) (Line 5, Para. 1) ( + into, on, upon) bring or come in when not wanted 闯入；侵入；打扰闯入；侵入；打扰如果他们很忙，我就不如果他们很忙，我就不打

14、扰打扰他们了。他们了。I dont want to _ them if they are rude on 请完成下面的句子。请完成下面的句子。这一儿时回忆这一儿时回忆不时地闯入不时地闯入她的脑海。她的脑海。The memory of her childhood _ her mind.kept intruding itself into 他总是把自己的意见他总是把自己的意见强加于人强加于人。He is always _ his opinion _ ruding uponintrusion (n.) 闯入；侵入；打扰闯入；侵入；打扰intruder (n.) 侵

15、入者；闯入者侵入者；闯入者intrusive (adj.) 闯入的；侵入的；打扰的闯入的；侵入的；打扰的 interfere 指干扰、妨碍别人的行动或某事的进行。常指干扰、妨碍别人的行动或某事的进行。常 用作贬义词。用作贬义词。intrude 多指未经允许而闯入或对他人事务进行干多指未经允许而闯入或对他人事务进行干 涉。涉。interrupt 多用于指突然介入而使正在进行的事情中多用于指突然介入而使正在进行的事情中 断，也可表示阻断、妨碍。断，也可表示阻断、妨碍。请分别用请分别用 intrude, , interfere 或或 interrupt 的适当形式完成句子。的适当形式完成句子。一架不

16、明国籍的军用飞机一架不明国籍的军用飞机侵入侵入我国我国领空。领空。An unidentified military plane _ the airspace of our country.敲门声敲门声打断打断了他的思考。了他的思考。A knock at the door _ his concentration.青年人不希望父母过多地青年人不希望父母过多地干涉干涉自己的事情。自己的事情。Yong people dont want their parents to _too much with their personal erfere intruded into inte

17、rruptedsubmission (Line 11, Para. 1)submit (v.) 1) ( + to) yield oneself; agree to obey 服从；顺从服从；顺从 2) ( + to) offer for consideration 呈送；提交；呈送；提交；submission (n.) 1) 服从；顺从服从；顺从 2) 呈送；提交；提出呈送；提交；提出submissive (adj.) 恭顺的；归顺的恭顺的；归顺的submissively (adv.) 恭顺地；归顺地恭顺地；归顺地T: Hi, boys and girls, how are you goin

18、g to celebrate the New Years Day?S: Oh, Mr. Smith, were thinking about a masquerade (化妆舞会化妆舞会) party.T: That sounds great. But I am afraid you have to _ (提交计划提交计划) to your administrator. 请根据以下模拟语境填空。请根据以下模拟语境填空。学生学生/教师教师/教师要求提交新年晚会计划教师要求提交新年晚会计划submit the plan 请根据以下模拟语境填空。请根据以下模拟语境填空。Son:Mum, I will

19、 not _ (服从) because of the following points. First, .Mum: OK. You dont have to _ (服从) to me. But can we discuss？儿子儿子/母亲母亲/服从父母管教服从父母管教submit myself to you show submission constructive (adj.) (Line 4, Para. 4) having a good effect or likely to produce good results 建设性的，有益的建设性的，有益的建设性意见建设性意见/ /会议会议 大火

20、大火/ /森林森林/ /破坏性的影响破坏性的影响John made a number of very constructive suggestions at the meeting.反义词反义词destructive (adj.) (Line 6, Para. 4) causing destruction 破坏的，毁坏的破坏的，毁坏的请用以下提示词造句。请用以下提示词造句。assert (v.) (Line 6, Para. 4) 1) (assert oneself) say clearly what you think 坚持自己的想法、坚持自己的想法、 权利、意见权利、意见 2) stat

21、e or declare forcefully 断断 言，宣称，声明言，宣称，声明assertion (n.) ( + that ) a forceful statement or claim 断言；强硬声明断言；强硬声明assertive (adj.) forceful; expressing strong opinions or claims 断言的；断言的； 武断的武断的请完成下面的句子。请完成下面的句子。Dont be so shy you need to learn to _. (坚持自己的主张坚持自己的主张)The Consumer Association tried its be

22、st to _. (维护消费者的权利维护消费者的权利)assert the consumers rightsassert yourselfHe _ that he was not guilty. (一再声明他的无辜一再声明他的无辜)repeated his assertions You couldnt fail to notice that _. (那个说话武断的青年人那个说话武断的青年人)assertive young man 在旧式政治制度下，权力在旧式政治制度下，权力集中集中在一个人手里。在一个人手里。 这一工程这一工程集中了集中了全国的技术精英。全国的技术精英。 The project

23、 centralizes the technical elites of the country.Under the old political system power was centralized in the hands of one person.centralized (adj.) (Line 15, Para. 4) 集中的集中的centralize (v.) gather under central control 集中集中centralization (n.) 集中集中A: I really cant understand why you chose this course.

24、 Is it _?B: The course is beneficial because you may _ lots of modern concepts from it.A: Though beneficial, the course is hard to _. B: Why dont you try once? Maybe youll find its not that difficult.absorb (v.) (Line 20, Para. 4) 1) take or suck in 吸收吸收 2) ( + in / by) take up all the attention of

25、吸引注意力吸引注意力请根据以下模拟语境填空。请根据以下模拟语境填空。课程课程/吸收吸收absorbingabsorbabsorb请根据以下模拟语境填空。请根据以下模拟语境填空。A: The title of the lecture _ peoples attention. B: Not the topic itself. This problem concerned _ even experts attention.引起关注引起关注absorbed absorbschannel (v.) (Line 23, Para. 4) 1) ( + into) direct 引导；导向引导；导向 2)

26、form a channel in 在在上上 形成槽或沟形成槽或沟他们把水他们把水引到引到地里。地里。知识将人类知识将人类引向引向文明。文明。They channelled the water into / towards the field.我们应该给这条街我们应该给这条街开辟水道开辟水道, 以便水能畅通地流走。以便水能畅通地流走。channel (n.) 河床；航道；沟渠；海峡；频道；河床；航道；沟渠；海峡；频道； （喻）途径，方法，（喻）途径，方法， 手段手段人们希望通过外交人们希望通过外交/正当正当途径途径解决这一问题。解决这一问题。People hope to solve the p

27、roblem through diplomatic / proper channels.find expression in (Line 27, Para. 4) 在在中找到表达方式中找到表达方式/以以方式表达方式表达请完成下面的句子。请完成下面的句子。他的情感最终由眼泪表现了出来。他的情感最终由眼泪表现了出来。His feelings at last _.他们的个人主义在他的作品他们的个人主义在他的作品/举止中表现了出来。举止中表现了出来。Their individualism _.found expression in his works foundexpression in tears/

28、 behaviorMan must be the most aggressive and cruel of all living creatures.In the zoo it is probably better fed and cared for.to perform some hostile gestures人类肯定是所有动物中最好斗和最残忍的。人类肯定是所有动物中最好斗和最残忍的。在动物园里，也许它吃得更好，能得到精心的照料。在动物园里，也许它吃得更好，能得到精心的照料。做一些表示敌意的姿态做一些表示敌意的姿态But it is evidently bored and frustrat

29、ed for lack of company.但是，由于离群索居，它显然会感到倦怠，情绪但是，由于离群索居，它显然会感到倦怠，情绪沮丧。沮丧。to assert oneselfa self-employed craftsman坚持自己的权利和主张坚持自己的权利和主张个体手工业者个体手工业者He is the master of his own trade.他是他本行业的能工巧匠。他是他本行业的能工巧匠。to channel the aggression into creative work将争强好斗的特性发挥在创造性的工作上将争强好斗的特性发挥在创造性的工作上vocabularyVerbNou

30、nAdjectiveAdverbaggressaggressionaggressiveaggressivelyviolateviolenceviolentviolentlybehavebehaviorbehavioral-territoryterritorial-hostilityhostile-disabledisabilitydisabled-comparecomparisoncomparable-destroydestructiondestructivedestructivelyresentresentmentresentfulresentfullyconstructconstructi

31、onconstructiveconstructivelycompetecompetitioncompetitivecompetitively-evidenceevidentevidently2. Write out the antonyms of the following words. violent non-violent satisfieddissatisfied constructivedestructive diminish-increase doubtfullyundoubtedly normalabnormal personalimpersonal encouragediscou

32、ragePart Two: In-Class Reading Post-ReadingCompleting the SentencesDirections: Complete the following sentences with the words in the box. Change the form if necessary.scalecompetitioninjureconflictinstinctremoteassertaccumulateevidentintrude1) Martin likes to _ into a matter that does not concern h

33、im.2) There have been several minor _ between the two countries over the past rudeconflictsPart Two: In-Class Reading Post-Reading3) What factors caused the _ of water at these sites.4) They opened up a mine in the _ area.5) A number of bombs have exploded, seriously _ at least five people

34、.6) Our company wants employees who are not afraid to speak up and will _ their ideas.scaleCompetitionInjureConflictInstinctremoteassertaccumulateevidentintrudeaccumulationremoteinjuringassertscalecompetitioninjureconflictinstinctremoteassertaccumulateevidentintrudePart Two: In-Class Reading Post-Re

35、ading7) Answers to each part of the _ will be printed two months later.8) Her _ told her that she should not be talking but she could not stop.9) The goods were in perfect condition when they left here, and the damage _ occurred during transit.10) The _ of economic development in the city is so huge

36、 that much more investment is petitioninstinctevidentlyscalePart Two: In-Class Reading Post-ReadingFilling in the BlanksDirection: Complete the following passage with the words given in the box. You can use each word only once. Aggression is the fighting instinct in beast and man, which is directed

37、against members of the same species. It is theorized that in natural conditions aggression helps to _ survival of individuals (and thus the species), by preventing too dense a _ from developing and exhausting all of its food sources. exhibit defense case territory minute ensure characteristic famili

38、ar aggressive populationensurepopulationPart Two: In-Class Reading Post-Readingexhibit defense case territory minute ensure characteristic familiar aggressive populationFighting is generally considered to be a trait _ of males and uncharacteristic of females. However, many but not all female mammals

39、 _ aggression during the postpartum (产后的产后的) period in _ of their young. The great animal behaviorist Konrad Lorenz observed that in every individual the readiness to fight is greatest in the most _ place: in the middle of its territory. exhibitdefensefamiliarcharacteristicPart Two: In-Class Reading

40、 Post-Readingexhibit defense case territory minute ensure characteristic familiar aggressive populationAs the distance from _ increases, readiness to fight decreases proportionately. This was not the _ with my pet rat; he was ready and willing to beat up his neighbors the _ he stepped through their

41、door. What causes some rats to be more _ than others? There is certainly evidence that aggression has a genetic basis, at least in some animals.caseterritoryminuteaggressivePart Two: In-Class Reading Post-ReadingTranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English 如果要我选择一个方案的话，我将毫不犹

42、豫地支持后者如果要我选择一个方案的话，我将毫不犹豫地支持后者。(the latter)If I had to select one plan, I would not hesitate to support the latter2) 他看上去似乎是无罪的，但证据表明并非如此他看上去似乎是无罪的，但证据表明并非如此。(otherwise)He seemed not guilty, but the evidence suggested otherwise.3) 我劝他别去东海岸，因为那里到处都是游客我劝他别去东海岸，因为那里到处都是游客。(warn off)I warned him off goi

43、ng to the east coast because it was full of tourists.4) 东西便宜并不见得质量就低劣。东西便宜并不见得质量就低劣。(not necessarily)The fact that something is cheap doesnt necessarily mean it is of low quality.5) 如果没有人可以求教，就难以做出恰当的选择。如果没有人可以求教，就难以做出恰当的选择。(turn to)Without anyone to turn to for help, making an appropriate choice ca

44、n be difficult.Part Two: In-Class Reading Post-Reading6) 他用音乐表现了他失去妻子的悲痛。他用音乐表现了他失去妻子的悲痛。(find expression in)His sadness at the death of his wife found expression in his music.7) 只有只有战胜了羞涩之后，人们才会更自信地生活战胜了羞涩之后，人们才会更自信地生活。(only when)Only when people overcome their shyness can they live more confidentl

45、y.8) 今天我不再给孩子们买任何别的东西了今天我不再给孩子们买任何别的东西了事实上，我已经花了事实上，我已经花了太多的钱了。太多的钱了。(as it is)Im not buying the children anything else todayas it is, Ive spent far too much moneyPart Two: In-Class Reading Post-ReadingPart Two: After-Class Reading After-Class ReadingAnimals on the JobAnimals on the JobReading Quest

46、ionsPart Two: After-Class Reading Passage I1) What had dolphins done and what are they doing for the American Navy? First they risked their lives guarding American ships in Vietnam. Next, they protected a fleet of Naval boats from mines and enemy frogmen in the Persian Gulf. Now, they may guard subm

47、arines armed with nuclear weapons in Washingtons Puget Sound.2) Why do the Navy recruit dolphins as their underwater watchdogs?Dolphins are highly intelligent, easy to train and important in protecting against surprise attacks by enemy submarines.Part Two: After-Class Reading Passage I3) Why do the

48、animal rights groups and dolphin trainer protest against the plan?Its immoral for people to use animals in their own wars and it violates federal laws that protect animals from being mistreated. Part Two: After-Class Reading Passage I4) According to Lt. James Wood, why did the dolphins swim back whe

49、n they had a chance to swim free?The dolphins like the training. 5) What specific traits in dolphins do the Navy make use of?Dolphin sonar (tracking by sound) works even better than man-made tracking devices.Part Two: After-Class Reading Passage IIAnimals on the JobAnimals on the JobPassage 2Main Po

50、intsPart Two: After-Class Reading Passage II Allie is a capuchin monkey who helps her disabled friend perform everyday tasks. Allie is an 1) _ of many animals who can be 2) _ to do certain jobs. Besides monkeys, 3) _ and sea lions can also give people a helping 4) _.Directions: The following is a su

51、mmary of the passage you have just read. Complete the summary by filling in each of the blanks with an appropriate word starting with the letter given. examplehireddogshandPart Two: After-Class Reading Passage II Dogs are good at 5) _ down prey and sniffing 6) _ illegal substances and earthquake vic

52、tims because they have millions of 7) _ nerves in their noses. Monkeys are good helpers for the 8) _, who cannot look after themselves. Sea lions can help scientists to record the natural 9) _ of whales because they can 10) _ to the deep ocean. In addition, sea lions are part of whales natural envir

53、onment, which makes the video more 11) _. rackingoutsmelldisabledbehaviordiverealPart Two: After-Class Reading Passage II But animals cannot do the jobs without 12) _. The main process of training is called 13) _, which uses positive reinforcement. During the training, trainers 14) _ an animal for d

54、oing something correctly. For monkeys, the positive reinforcement can 15) _ a year before they are qualified for their jobs.trainingconditioningrewardtakeEnd of Part 2End of Part 2Go to Part 3Part ThreeFurther DevelopmentPart Three: Further Development Enriching Your Word PowerEnriching Your Word Po

55、werRead the following sentences carefully and choose the one in which the underlined word or phrase has the same meaning as it does in the sentences quoted from the reading passage. Part Three: Further Development Enriching Your Word PowerA monkey can be trained to scratch an itch, or slip a floppy

56、disc into a computer drive. If you give me a hand clearing the rubbish from my garden Ill help you to paint your houseyou scratch my back and Ill scratch yours.B. We scratched the paintwork while trying to get the bed into Marthas room.C. Be careful of the cat; it will scratch you!rub or scrape slig

57、htly, as with the fingernails, to relieve itchingcut or damage (a surface) slightly with or on some-thing sharp or roughrub and tear or mark (a surface) with something pointed or roughPart Three: Further Development Enriching Your Word Power2) Then, by listening to the echoes made when the sounds re

58、flect from an object, they determine its position.A. I reflected that there must be a great many people besides myself who wished to take advantage of this excellent service.B. Every solid object will reflect a sound, varying according to the size and nature of the object.C. Her severe look reflecte

59、d her inner despair.think about something carefully and seriouslycast back (light, heat, sound, etc.) from a surfaceshow the existence or nature of somethingPart Three: Further Development Enriching Your Word Power3) And he stands by his claim that we need dolphins to protect the country.A. Lawyers

60、tried to establish their claim to refugee (难民) status.B. The shipping company has made a claim for the cost of salvaging (打捞打捞) a sunken ship.C. I make no claim to understand all the complexities of the matter.a right to something a demand for a sum of moneya statement of something as a fact; assert