英国文学史复习资料学习资料

1、英国文学史资料 British Writers and WorksI. Old English Literature & The Late Medieval Ages<Beowulf> 贝奥武夫 :the national epic of the Anglo-SaxonsEpic: long narrative poems that record the adventures or heroic deeds of a hero enacted in vast landscapes. The style of epic is grand and elevated. e.g.

2、Homer ' s Iliad and OdysseyArtistic features:1. Using alliterationDefinition of alliteration: a rhetorical device, meaning some words in asentence beg in with the same consonant sound 头韵)Some examples on P52. Using metaphor and understatement 保守的陈述)Definition of understatement: expressing someth

3、ing in a controlled way Understatement is a typical way for Englishmen to express their ideasGeoffery Chaucer 杰弗里?乔叟 1340(?)1400(首创 双韵体”英国文学史上首先用伦敦方言写作。约翰德莱顿(John Dryden)称其为 英国诗歌之父”代表作坎特伯雷故事集。)The father of English poetry.It is alone who, for the first time in English literature, presented to usa co

4、mprehensive 综合的，广泛的realistic picture of the English society of his time and created a whole gallery of vivid characters from all walksof life. ( A )A. Geoffrey Chaucer B. Matin Luther C. William Langland D. John Gowerwriting style: wisdom, humor, humanity. <The Can terbury Tales坎特伯雷故事集：first time

5、 to use heroic couplet'双韵体)by middle English vTroilus and Criseyde>W罗伊拉斯和克莱希德 < The House of Fame： 誉之宫Medieval Ages' popular Literary form:Roma nee传奇故事)Famous three：King ArthurSir Gawain and the Green KnightBeowulfII The Renaissance PeriodA period of drama and poetry.The Elizabethan dr

6、ama si the real mainstream of the English Renaissance.Renaissance: the activity, spirit, or time of the great revival of art, literature, and learning in Europe beginning in the 14th century and extending to the 17th century, marking the transition from the medieval to the modern world.Three histori

7、cal events of the Renaissanee -rebirth or revival:1. new discoveries in geography and astrology占星术）2. the religious reformation and economic expansion3. rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek cultureThe most famous dramatists:Christopher MarloweWilliam ShakespeareBen Johnson.1. Edmund Spenser 埃德蒙?斯宾

8、塞 15521599（后人称之为 “诗人的诗人 ”。） The poets'poet. The first to be buried in the Poet ' s corner of Westerminster Abbey12. Which of the following statements is not the reason for that Edmund Spenser is famous for“the poet'spoet”? （ B ）A. Spenser'sidealismB. his struggle for criteriaC. his l

9、ove of beautyD. his exquisite melody <The Faerie Queene仙后（for Queen Elizabeth）The theme is not“Arms and the man”,but something more romantic“Fierce wars and faithfull loves”.Artistic features:1. Using Spenserian Stanz（a 诗的一节）Definition of Spenserian Stanza:a stanza of nine lines ababbcbcc. Eight

10、lines in iambic pentameter （五步抑扬格）,and last line in iambic hexameter. The Shepherds Calendar牧人日历The theme is to lame nt （哀悼） over the loss of Rosali nd. Amoretti爱情小唱2. Thomas More 托马斯？莫尔 14781535One of the greatest En glish huma ni sts Utopia乌托邦3. Fran cis Bacon 弗兰西斯？培根 15611626（哲学家、散文家；在论述探究知识的著作中提

11、出了知识就是力量这 一著名论断；近代唯物主义哲学的奠基人和近代实验科学的先驱。）Philosopher, scientist,lay the foundation for modern science.The first En glish essayist.Writ ing style: brevity, compact ness&powerful ness, well-arra ngi ng and enriching by Biblical allusions （暗示, 提及）,metaphors and philosophy to man' reas on. The Ad

12、va nceme nt of Learni ng学术的推进 Essays随笔（famous quotas: Of studies）The theme of Of Studies uses and ben efits of study and differe nt ways adopted by differe nt people to pursue studies.4. Ben Jonson vComedy of Humours vVolpo ne, or the fox狐狸5. Christopher Marlowe 柯里斯托弗？马洛 15641595University Wits ”, t

13、he pioneer of English drama （完善了无韵体诗。）Bla nk verse: writte n in un rhymed iambic pen tameter.14. Marlowe gave new vigor towith his mighty lines ” （ D ）A. the Petrarcha n sonnetB. sest inaC. terza rimaD. bla nk verse The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus浮士德博士的悲剧（根据德国民间故事书写成） vTamburlai ne帖木耳大帝 The J

14、ew of Malta马耳他的犹太人6. William Shakespeare 威廉？莎士比亚 15641616 Historical plays: Henry VI ; Henry IV : Richard III ; Henry V ；Richard II ； Henry VIII Four Comedies: As You Like It 皆大欢喜；vTwelfth Night 第十二 夜；A Midsummer Night ' S Dream仲夏夜之梦；Merchant Of Venice 威尼斯商人 Four Tragedies: Hamlet哈姆莱特；Othello 奥赛

15、罗；King Lear 李尔王；<Macbeth>麦克白 Shakespeare Sonnet :154 <The Sonn ets>Three quatra in and on ecouplet, ababcdcdefefggA sonnet is a lyric con sisti ng of 14 lin es, usually in iambic pen tameter restricted to a defi niti on rhyme scheme.III The 17th Cen tury1. John Milt on 约翰？弥尔顿 16081674（诗人

16、、政论家；失明后写 失乐园、复乐园、力士参孙。） Epics: <Paradise Lost乐园<Paradise Rega in ed>M 乐园 Dramatic poem: < Sams on Ago nistes力 士参孙 <Areopagitica>论出版自由<The Defe nee of the En glish People为英国人民声辩 <On His Blindness>我的失明This sonnet is writte n in iambic pen tameter rhymed in abba abba cde cde

17、, typical of Italia n sonn et.Its theme is that people use their tale nt for God, and they serve him best who can en dure the sufferi ng best.2. John Bunyan 约翰？班扬 16281688（代表作天路历程，宗教寓言，被誉为 具有永恒意义的百科全书”，是英国文学史上里程碑式著作。与但丁的神曲、奥古斯丁的忏 悔录并列为世界三大宗教题材文学杰作。）Puritan poet清教徒派诗人） Religionary Allegory （寓言）：<T

18、he Pilgrim ' s Prog>eSS路历程3. Joh n Donnethe Metaphysical poet玄学派诗人）.Metaphysical Poetry（玄学诗）:（用语）the diction（用语，措词）is simple, the imagery is from the actual,形式）the form is freque ntly an argume nt with the poet' s beloved, with god, or with himself.（主题：love, religious, thought）Artistic fe

19、atures:1. c on ceits or imagery 奇思妙喻2. syllogism 三段论 Meditatio ns沉思录The Flea 虱子 Songs And Sonn etsHoly Sonn ets Valediction （告别演说，告别辞）:<Forbidding Mourning>IV The 18th Century : Enlightenment同时为美国独立战争与法国大 革命提供了框架，并且导致了资本主义和社会主义的兴起，与音乐史上的巴洛克时期以及艺术史上的新古典主义时期是同一时期。A revival （复兴）of interest in the

20、 old classical works, order, logic,restrained emotion抑制情感）and accuracyThe Age of En lighte nmen t/Reas on the moveme nt was a furthera nee of the Ren aissa nee of the 15 and l6h cen tries, a progressive in tellectual moveme nt, reas on（ rati on ality）, equality&scie nce（the 1S1 cen tury） 小说崛起：In

21、 the mid-century, the newly literary form, modern English novel rised（realistic novel 现实主义小说）Gothic novel（哥特式小说）:mystery, horror, castles（from middle part to the end of cen tury）1. Alexander Pope 亚历山大 *蒲柏 1688T7442. （ 18世纪英国最伟大的诗人，其诗多用英雄双韵体” heroiccouplets”。词句工整、精练、富有哲理性。）As a representative of the

22、Enlightenment , Pope was one of the firstto in troduce rati on alism to En gla nd.Eg. Among the represe ntatives of the Enl ighte nment, who was one of the first to in troduce rati on alism to En gla nd? （ C ）A. Joh n Bunyan B. Daniel Defoe C. Alexa nder PopeD.Jon atha n Swift <An Essay on Critic

23、ism批评论Artistic features:1. Using heroic couplets' <The Rape of the Lock>卷发遇劫记 vMoral Essays道德论<Essay on Man人论 <The Dun ciad> 愚人记2. SamuelJohnson 塞缪尔？约翰逊 17091784 Dictio nary =<A Dictio nary of En glish Lan guage> 英语大词典3. Jonathan Swift 乔纳森？斯威夫特 16671745（十八世纪杰出的政论家和讽刺小说家a mas

24、ter satirist） <Gulliver ' s Trave格列佛游记（fictional work）Four parts:Lilliput 小人国Brobdi ngn ag 大人国Flying Island 飞岛Houyhnhnm 马岛<A Modest Proposal一个小小的建议 <The Battle of Books>书战 <A Tale of a Tub>木桶的故事 <The Drapper' s Letter一个麻布商的书信4. Daniel Defoe 丹尼尔？笛福 16601731（小说家，新闻记者，小册子作者

25、；十八世纪英国现实主义小说的奠基人。）He is the first writer study of the lower-class people his Ian guage is smooth, easy, colloquial and mostly vernacular（方言的）,and he is the foun der of realistic no vel.vRobinson Crusoe>B宾逊漂流记1t praise the fortitude of the huma n labor and the Purita n.2. Rob inson grew from a n

26、aive and artless youth in to a shrewd and hardened man,tempered（磨练）by numerous trials （考验）in hiseve ntful life.3t is an adve nture story, Robinson, n arrates how he goes to sea, gets shipwrecked and maro onecbn a Ion ely isla nd, struggles to live for 24-years there and fin ally gets relieved and re

27、tur ns to En gla nd. <Moll Flanders> <Colonel Jacque> vCaptain singleton>5. Henry Fielding 亨利？菲尔丁 17071754（英国小说家，戏剧家，被誉为 英国小说之父”。）He is called “ Father of English novel ” . He was the first to write a“ Comic epic in prose ” （散文体史诗）,and the first to give the moder n no vel its structur

28、e and style. no vels:<The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling：婴汤姆？琼斯<The History of the Adve ntures of Joseph An drews 约瑟夫?安德鲁<The Life of Mr Jonathan Wild, the Great大诗人江奈生?威尔德 <Amelia>爱米利亚 plays:<The Historical Register for 1736>七三六年历史记事<Don Quixote in En gla nd>堂吉柯德在英国6. O

29、liver Goldsmith 奥利弗？格尔德斯密斯17301774 poems:<The Traveller > 旅游人<The Deserted Village>荒村 no vel:<The Vicar of Wakefield >威克菲尔德牧师传7. Richard Brinsley Sheridan 理查德？布林斯利？施莱登 17511816 <The Rivals>情敌 <The School for Scandal>造谣学校8. William Blake 威廉？布莱克 17571827 <Songs of Inno

30、cence>天真之歌A happy and innocent world from childre n' eye. <Songs of Experience>经验之歌A word of misery, poverty, disease, war and repressi on with a mela ncholy tone from men eyes.Include: <The Chimney Sweeper><London><The Tyger>Lamb is a symbol of peace and purityTyger i

31、s a symbol of dread （恐惧）and oiolenee <The Marriage of Heaven and Hell堂与地狱的婚姻9. Robert Bur ns 罗伯特澎斯 17591796The greatest Scottish poet in the late 1t8ce ntury.Poems Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect主要用苏格兰方言写的诗 <John An ders on, My Jo哟翰?安德生，我的爱人 < A Red, Red Rosex朵红红的玫瑰 <Auld Lo ngSy ne>f

32、t昔时光 <A Man' s a Man for A ' >不管那一套 < My Heart' s irineHighlands>我的心在那高原上 < Bruce At Banno ckbur n> < The Tree Of Liberty>V The Roma ntic PeriodThe roma ntic period bega nin 1798 the publicati on of Wordsworth andColeridge 's <Lyrical Ballads> , and endi

33、n 1832 with Sir Walter Scott 's death.Romanticism:It emphasize thespecialqualitie of each individual'smind.(人应该是独立自由的个体)In it, emotion over reason, spontaneous emotion, a change from the outer world of social civilization to the inner world of the human spirit, poetry should be free from all

34、 rules, imagination, nature, commonplace.Two major novelists of the Romantic period areJane Austen (realistic) and Walter Scott (romantic) .The Lake Poets 湖畔诗人,who lived in the lake district.William Wordsworth; Samuel Taylor Coleridge; Robert Southey1. William Wordsworth 威廉 ?华兹华斯 17701850 (与柯尔律治、骚塞同

35、被称为 “湖畔派”诗人。 The Lake Poets) < Lyrical Ballads抒情歌谣集(with Samuel Taylor Coleridge) <I Wondered Lonely As A Cloud>Theme:1.Nature embodies human beings in their diverse circumstance.It is nature that give him “strength and knowledge full of peace” 2.It is bliss to recolled the beauty of nature

36、 in poet mind while he is in solitude.3. Comment:The poet is very cheerful with recalling the beautiful sights.In the poem on the beauty of n ature, the reader is prese nted a vivid picture of lively and lovely daffodils（水仙）and poetsphilosophical ideas and mystical thoughts. Lines Composed A Few Mil

37、es Above Tintern Abbey The Solitary Reaper孤独的割麦女2. Samuel Taylor Coleridge 塞缪尔？泰勒？科尔律治 17721834The Lake Poets The Rime of the An cie nt Marin er 古舟子颂 Christabel柯里斯塔贝尔 Kubla Kha n忽必烈汗Artistic features: mysticism, dem onism with strong imag in atio n, a stra nge territory Frost at Night半夜冰霜 Dejecti on

38、, an Ode 忧郁颂 Lyrical Ballads抒情歌谣集（with William Wordsworth）3. George Gordon Byron 乔治？戈登？拜伦 17881824（拜伦式英雄Byronic heroes孤傲、狂热、浪漫，却充满了反抗精神。 内心充满了孤独与苦闷，却又蔑视群小。恰尔德 哈罗德是拜伦诗歌 中第一个拜伦式英雄”）Byronic hero” is a proud, mysterious rebel figure of noble origin,AAAAAA againsffyrannica- ru-es or SOS- princip-es. ADOn

39、 Juan>w?Ach=de Haro-d “ s pi-grinMKB誇烟BMffiAcainxMw0when We Two partedBndwH-nflAshe wa-ks -n Beaufyv4 Persy Bysshe she_ey 薄目 ?!»17921822 Poefic Drama - Apromefheus unbound!熾73*烟*硫驾Theme fhe drama ce-ebraCDs mdm vicfory over fyranny and oppression ®Queen MabvwHmARevo-f of -s-amvw驾叶3河湧ATh

40、e Cenci 善WWA> Defence of po2.ryv<*«AThe Necessity of AfheismMsffiLyricsAode fo fhe Wesf Wind首凶务Theme The aufhor express his eagerness fo enjoy fhe bound-ess freedom from fhe rea=fy Compare fhe wesf wind fo desfroyer of fhe 0-d who drives fhe -asf signs of -ife from fhe free® and pres

41、erver of fhe new who scafCDr fhe seads shich si= come fo -ife in fhe spring" This is a poem abouf enewaL abouffhe wind bowing -ife back info dead fhing" imp_ying nof AAAAAA just an arc of life （which would end at death） but a cycle, which only starts aga in whe n somethi ng dies.Comme nt:

42、Percy Bysshe Shelley's "Ode to the West Wind" is writte n in iambic pen tameter. It contains five sonnet len gth sta nzas, each with a clos ing couplet. The rhy ming scheme form is aba bcb cdc ded ee. The tone is poig nant. Many will agree that this poem is an inv ocati on for an un se

43、e n force to take con trol and revive life.Artistic features:Using rerza rima（三行诗 aba bcb cdc ded efe ）<To a Skylark致云雀5. JohnKeats 约翰？济慈 17951821（美即是真，真即是美”是他的著名诗句。） Four great odes: <Ode on a Grecian Urn希腊古瓮颂<Ode to a Nighti ngale>夜莺颂<Ode to Psyche心灵颂<Ode On Mela ncholy> 忧郁颂 &

44、lt;To Autumn>秋颂Theme: The theme of Joh n Keats' poem, "To Autu mn ”，is that cha nge is both n atural and beautiful. The poem praises the glories of the fall seas on by using almost every type of imagery to both charm and appeal to the reader.Comme nt: The speaker in the poem ack no wledg

45、es that time passes by, but also asserts that this cha nge usually yields somethi ng new and better tha n what came before. Each of the poem's three sta nzas represe nts the evo Iving of two differe nt types of cha nge. One type of cha nge show n in the poem is the cha nge of periods in a day.6.

46、 Jane Austen 简?奥斯丁 17751817She compared her works to a fine en grav ing upon a literary piece of ivory only in ches squire. <Sense and Sensibility：理智与感情<Pride and Prejudic> 傲慢与偏见(chapter I)【Elizabeth Bennet & Darcy in the end false pride is humbled and prejudice dissolved【Colli ns &

47、 Charlotte Lucas see the reality of marriage as a n ecessary step if a woma n is to avoid thewretched ness of aging spin sterhood【Lydia & Wickham show n the dan gers of feckless(软弱的，没精神 的)relati on ships un supported by mon ey.【Mr.&Mrs. Benn et, Mr. Colli ns, Lady Catheri ne de Burgh 】comic

48、characters<Ma nsfield Park>曼斯菲尔德庄园<Emma>爱玛<Northa nger Abbey>诺桑觉寺vPersuasi 0门劝导7. WalterScott 沃尔特？斯科特 17711832（历史小说之父 ”）Father of history novels vRob Roy罗伯？罗伊 Ivanhoe 艾凡赫VI The Victorian Period 1832-1900Common sense and morapropreity , again became the predominant preoccupati on. C

49、ritical realists were all concerned about the fate of the com mon people and everyday eve nts.1. Charles Dicke ns 查尔斯？狄更斯 18121870（批判现实主义小说家）critical realist writer The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club 匹克威克外传 vOliver Twist奥利弗？特维斯特（雾都孤儿） The Old Curiosity Shop 老古玩店 A Christmas Carol圣诞颂歌 Dombey

50、and Son董贝父子 vDavid Copperfield大卫?科波菲尔 Bleak House荒凉山庄vHard Times艰难时世 < A Tale of Two Cities双城记(London & Paris) < Great Expectatio ns>远大前程 <Our Mutual F ri e n d >我们共同的朋友是英国 19 世纪小说繁荣时期最杰出的代表作家， 影响遍及欧美以 及世界各国。他那富有社会批判意义的现实主义小说不仅使英国文 坛焕然一新，而且对世界文学的发展也产生了深远的影响。2. William Makepeace Th

51、ackeray 威廉 ?麦克匹斯 ?萨克雷 18111863 vVanity Fair> or a Novel without a Hero 名利场(the name is an excerpt from <The Pilgrim'sProgress>by John Bunyan) <The Book Of Sn obs>3. Charlotte Bronte 夏洛蒂 ?勃朗特 18161855 < Ja ne Eyre>简?爱Jane Eyre, a plain little orphan, was sent to Lowood, a cha

52、rity school. There she suffer a lot and 8 years later she left school and became a boverness at Thornfield Hall. There she falls in love with the master,Mr. Rochester.It is noted for its sharp criticism of the existing society, e.g. charity institution such as Lowood SchoolIt is a successful in trod

53、ucti on to the first gover nes$ 家庭女教师）heo inein the English novel, whom represents those middle-class working women struggling for recognition of their basic rights and equality as a huma n being. Shirley雪莉 Professor教师4. Emily Bronte 艾米莉？勃朗特 18181854 Wutheri ngHeights 呼啸山庄A story about two familie a

54、nd an in trud ing stra nger.【TheEarnshaw Family】 Mr. Earnshaw, his wife, the son Hindley, the daughter Catheri ne, Heathc liff【The Linton Family Mr.Linton, his wife, son Edgar, daughter Isabella Old Stoic5. George Eliot 乔治？艾略特 18191880 The Mill on the Floss弗洛斯河上的磨坊 AdamBede亚当？比德 Silas Mar ner织工马南 Mi

55、ddlemarch米德尔马契6. Alfred Tennyson 阿尔弗莱德？丁尼生 18091892（维多利亚时代最具代表性的伟大诗人）Poet Laureate （桂冠诗人） < In Memoriam>悼念To memorialize his frie nd < Break, Break, Break < Idylls of the King>国王叙事诗7. Robert Browning 罗伯特？白朗宁 18121889 < My Last Dutchess我已故的公爵夫人 < Home Thoughts From Abroad海外乡思1. t

56、he ring and the book指环与书2. pippa passes 皮帕走过了Elizabeth Barrett Browing : <Sonnet from the Portuguese葡萄牙十四行诗8. Robert Louis Steve nson <Treasure Island金银岛9. Thomas Hardy 托马斯？哈代 18401928（小说多以农村生活为背景；自然主义小说家。Wessex novels; novelsof character and en vir onmen） Novels < Tess Of The D ' Urber

57、ville德伯家的苔丝Themeexperie nee is as to inten sity, and not as to durati on < Jude The Obscure无名的裘德 < Un der The Green wood Tree绿荫下 < Far From The Maddi ng Crowd远离尘嚣 < The Mayor Of Casterbridge>卡斯特桥市长 < The Retur n of the Native> 还乡 PoemsWessex Poems And Other VersesPoems Of The Pa

58、st And Prese ntThe Dynasts 列国VII 19001950 The 20th Cen turyPlaywrights Oscar Wilde George Bernard Shaw1. Oscar Wilde 奥斯卡？王尔德 18561900(The Aesthetic Movement: Art for Art' s Sake 4 Comedies:<The Importa nee Of Being Earn est>认真的重要<Lady Windermere ' s Fa温德米尔夫人的扇子<A Woman Of No Importa nce> 个无足轻重的女人<An Ideal Husba nd>理想的丈夫 Novel:<The Picture Of Dorian Gray> 多利安？格雷的画像 Fairy Stories:<The Happy Prince And Other Tales快乐王子故事集2. George