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1、1 情态动词情态动词2定义情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义,但要与动词原形及其被动语态一起使用,给谓语动词增添情态色彩,表示说话人对有关行为或事物的态度和看法,认为其可能、应该或必要等。 情态动词后面加动词原形 注意3分类:情态动词有四类: 只做情态动词:must,can(could),may(might),ought to可做情态动词又可做实义动词:need,dare可做情态动词又可做助动词:shall(should),will(would)具有情态动词特征:have(had,has) to,used to4特点: 情态动词无人称和数的变化, 情态动词后面跟的动词需用原形,否定式构成是在情态动
2、词后面加 not。5The basic uses of Modal Verbs 6、Dare/dared 7、Need/needed 8、ought to 9、三点说明、三点说明 10、典型错误典型错误 1、Can / could 2、May / might 3、Must/ need 4、Shall / should 5、will / would 6一、一、 can, could1) 表示能力(体力、知识、技能)。能力(体力、知识、技能)。Can you lift this heavy box?(体力)(体力)Mary can speak three languages.(知识)(知识)Can
3、 you skate?(技能)(技能) be able to代替。(考点一):(考点一):Can只有一般现在时一般现在时和一般过去;而一般过去;而be able to则有更多的时态。更多的时态。Ill not be able to come this afternoon. (考点二)(考点二)“经过努力才得以做成功某事经过努力才得以做成功某事”时应用be able to,不能用不能用Can。如:如:He was able to go to the party yesterday evening in spite of the heavy rain.72) 表示请求和允许。表示请求和允许。1.Y
4、ou can park your car here.2.You cannot make so much noise.此时可与may互换 - Could I come to see you tomorrow? - Yes, you can. ( No, Im afraid not. ) (考点考点) -委婉语气,与答语委婉语气,与答语83) 表示客观或理论可能性(客观原因形成的能力)。表示客观或理论可能性(客观原因形成的能力)。 1.It can be quite cold here at eight. 2.Anybody can make mistakes. 4)表示推测,表示推测,“可能可能
5、”,(用于否定和疑问句中),(用于否定和疑问句中) That cant be her. She is in hospital. There is someone outside. Who can it be? 5)表示(惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度),(惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度),用于疑问句、 否定句和感叹句中。How can you believe in such a person?How can you treat me like that?9 can./could + have +done1.在否定、疑问句中表示在否定、疑问句中表示“对过去发生行为对过去发生行为 的可能性猜测。的可能性猜测。
6、2. 在肯定句中表示在肯定句中表示“本来可以做而未做本来可以做而未做”The door was locked. She couldnt have been at home.)She could done better, but she were too careless.1.Cannot but do sth 不得不 2.cant help doing sth 禁不住做某事3.cannot.too.越,越好We could but stay until help came.We cannot thank you too much for what you have done for us.10
7、二、二、 may, might 1) 表示请求和允许。表示请求和允许。might比比 may语气更委婉,而不是过去式。语气更委婉,而不是过去式。否定回答时可用否定回答时可用(考点一)(考点一)cant或或mustnt,表示,表示“不可以,禁不可以,禁止止”。-Might/ May I smoke in this room? - No, you mustnt.- May/Might I take this book out of the room?- Yes, you can. (No, you cant / mustnt. )11二、二、 may, might 2)用于祈使句,表示祝愿。)用于
8、祈使句,表示祝愿。 May you succeed!3) 表示推测、可能性推测、可能性(不用于疑问句疑问句)。might不是过去式过去式,它所表示的可能性比may小。1He may /might be very busy now.2He may have gone to the party last night, but I am not sure.12固定短语.May/might as well +do(最好做某事)May/might well +do (可能做某事) You may as well tell the truth. 2. may/might + have +done1.在否定
9、、肯定句中表示对过去动作的推测在否定、肯定句中表示对过去动作的推测 “也许是也许是”2. Might+have+p.p表示虚拟,表表示虚拟,表“劝告、责备之意。劝告、责备之意。”Eg. 1. He might have spoken to her yesterday. 2. You might have told me earlier.13三、三、 must, have to 1) 表示必须、必要。表示必须、必要。must是说话人的是说话人的主观主观看法,看法, 而而have to则强则强调调客观客观需要。需要。Must只有一般现在时,只有一般现在时, have to 有更多的时态形式。有更多
10、的时态形式。You must come in time. His play isnt interesting, I really must go now.I had to work hard to support family.回答否定(考点一考点一)不能用mustnt(禁止,不准),而用neednt, dont have to(不必).- Must we hand in our exercise books today?- Yes, you must.- No, you dont have to / you neednt.143)表示表示“偏要偏要”Must you waste so muc
11、h time?If you must smoke, please go out. 2) 表示推测、可能性(只用于肯定的陈述句)表示推测、可能性(只用于肯定的陈述句)Youre Toms good friend, so you must know what he likes best. You must hungry after a long walk.15must + have +p.p对过去事情的肯定猜测。对过去事情的肯定猜测。Eg. The road is wet. It must have rained last night. The lights were out. They must
12、 have been asleep .16四、四、 shall, should 1) shall 用于第一用于第一,三人称,征求对方的意见。三人称,征求对方的意见。What shall we do this evening?Shall we go there by bus?2) shall 用于用于 (考点一考点一) 第二、三人称,表示说话人给对方的命令、第二、三人称,表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。警告、允诺或威胁。1. You shall fail if you dont work hard.(警告警告)2. He shall have the book when I finis
13、h it.(允诺允诺)3. He shall be punished for what he has done.(威胁威胁)17 shall/should + have +p.p ought to表示本应该做而未做。表示本应该做而未做。Eg. You should have been five minutes ago. He is sad. You should not have told him the bad news. should3.在条约,规定,法令等中,意为在条约,规定,法令等中,意为 “必须必须”,常用第三人称,常用第三人称 All payments shall be made
14、in cash. Those members to our club shall wear uniform.1.责任,义务,劝告等。责任,义务,劝告等。“应该应该” (ought to) You should not be so careless. 2.表示推测表示推测(有一定根据),有一定根据),“按道理说按道理说”Try phoning Mary. She should be home by now.3.说话人的特殊感情(惊奇,愤怒,失望等说话人的特殊感情(惊奇,愤怒,失望等) I am surprised that you should speak to your father in s
15、uch a way.18五、五、 will, would 1) 表示请求、建议等,表示请求、建议等,would更委婉更委婉 Will / Would you pass me the ball, please?2) 表示意志、愿望和决心。表示意志、愿望和决心。1. I will never do that again.2. They asked him if he would go abroad. 3. No matter what I said, he wouldnt listen.19五、五、 will, would 3) 习惯性动作,固有属性等习惯性动作,固有属性等“总是总是” will
16、现在,现在,would 过去。过去。 would表示过去习惯过去习惯时比used to正式,且没有 (考点考点) “现已无此 习惯”的含义。1. During the vacation, he would visit me every other day.2. The wound would not heal.3. Fish will die without water. 4. He used to get up early.5.He would sit here for hours. Would 后只能接表示动作的动词。动作的动词。used to 则还可以接表示状态状态的动词。(考点)动词。
17、(考点)He used to be a worker.4.表示功能表示功能“行,能行,能”。 The door wont open.20六、六、 dare, need 1) dare作作情态动词情态动词用时用时, 常用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中常用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中, 过去式形式为过去式形式为dared。How dare you say Im unfair?He darent speak English before such a crowd, dare he?If we dared not go there that day, we couldnt get the beautif
18、ul flowers.2) need 作情态动词用时作情态动词用时, 常用于疑问句、否定句。在肯定句中一常用于疑问句、否定句。在肯定句中一般用般用must, have to, ought to, should代替。代替。1You neednt come so early.2. - Need I finish the work today? - Yes, you must. / No, you neednt.21六、六、 dare, need 3) dare和和 need作作实义动词实义动词用时,用时, 有有人称、时态和数人称、时态和数的变化。在的变化。在肯定句中,肯定句中,dare后面常接带后
19、面常接带to的不定式。在疑问句和否定句中,的不定式。在疑问句和否定句中,dare后面可接带后面可接带to或不带或不带to的不定式。而的不定式。而need后面只能接带后面只能接带to的的不定式。不定式。1. I dare to swim across this river.2. He doesnt dare (to) answer.3. He needs to finish his homework today.need + not + have +p.p 表示表示“本来不需要做而做了本来不需要做而做了。22三点说明三点说明1、情态动词 + v 表示对现在或将来现在或将来动作的猜测。 情态动词
20、+ have + p.p表示对过去过去动作的猜测。2、情态动词的过去式与原形相比,多点礼貌,少点冒昧, 语气更为委婉。情态动词在一般疑问句中的回答: Can you sing? May I come in? Must I handin the book now? Need I finish it now?Yes, I can.No, I cant.Yes, you may.No, you mustnt.Yes, you must.No, neednt /dont have to.Yes, you must.No, you neednt.231. He mustnt be in the clas
21、sroom. ( )cant2. You might leave the bag on the bag. ( )might have left3. You must have seen the film last week, havet you? ( )didnt you 4. Li Ming must have been to Japan, didnt he? ( )hasnt he24高中情态动词高考要点高中情态动词高考要点25八、八、 情态动词情态动词+不定式完成式(不定式完成式(have done)can / could + have done在肯定句肯定句中表示“本来可以做而实际上能
22、做某事”,是虚拟语虚拟语气气在疑问句疑问句或否定句否定句中表示对过去行为的怀疑或不肯定, 表示推测推测。1. You could have done better, but you didnt try your best. (虚拟(虚拟语气)语气)2. He cant have been to that town.(推测推测)3. Can he have got the book?(推测推测)26八、八、 情态动词情态动词+不定式完成式(不定式完成式(have done)2) may / might +不定式完成式(不定式完成式(have done) 表示对过去行为的推测。不能用于疑问句中,没
23、有虚拟表示对过去行为的推测。不能用于疑问句中,没有虚拟语气的用法。语气的用法。Might所表示的可能性比所表示的可能性比may小。小。He may not have finished the work . 他可能没有做完那项工作If we had taken the other road, we might have arrived earlier. (条件虚拟) (我们也许会到的更早些)27八、八、 情态动词情态动词+不定式完成式(不定式完成式(have done)3)must +不定式完成式(不定式完成式(have done) 用于肯定句中,表示对过去行为的推测。意为用于肯定句中,表示对过
24、去行为的推测。意为“一定、一定、想必想必”。其疑问、否定形式用。其疑问、否定形式用can,cant代替。参看代替。参看1) can / could + have done表示推测。表示推测。You must have seen the film Titanic.He must have been to Shanghai.must have done sth.肯定已经做了某事(对过去的一种非常肯定的推肯定已经做了某事(对过去的一种非常肯定的推测)测) can/could not have done sth.不可能已经做了某事(对过去的一种否定推测)不可能已经做了某事(对过去的一种否定推测) ma
25、y/might (not) have done sth.也许已经做了某事(对过去的一种大概推测)也许已经做了某事(对过去的一种大概推测)推测推测小结小结28八、八、 情态动词情态动词+不定式完成式(不定式完成式(have done)4)should +不定式完成式(不定式完成式(have done)用于肯定句中,表示对过去行为的推测。用于肯定句中,表示对过去行为的推测。表示“本应该做而实际上没有做某事本应该做而实际上没有做某事”,其否定式表示某种行为本不该发生却发生了本不该发生却发生了。可以与ought to +不定式完成式不定式完成式(have done)互换。He should have
26、finished the work by now。You ought to / should have helped him. (but you didnt.)She shouldnt have taken away my measuring tape测尺 , for I wanted to use it.29八、八、 情态动词情态动词+不定式完成式(不定式完成式(have done)5) neednt +不定式完成式(不定式完成式(have done) 表示表示“本来不必做而实际上做了某事本来不必做而实际上做了某事”。6) will +不定式完成式(不定式完成式(have done) 主要用
27、于第二、三人称,表示对已完成的动作或事态的推测推测。You neednt have watered the flowers, for it is going to rain.He will have arrived by now.30We _ last night, but we went to the concert instead. No wonder we failed in the quiz this morning.A must have studiedB might studyC should have studiedD would study2. Jenny _ have kep
28、t her word. I wonder why she changed her mind.A must B should C need D would3. Michale _ be a policeman, for hes much too short.A neednt B cant C should D may314. My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon, so he _ your lecture.A couldnt have attendedB neednt have attendedC mustnt ha
29、ve attendedD shouldnt have attended5. I got up early that morning, but I _ so because I had no work to do.A mustnt have doneB didnt need to doC neednt have doneD cant have done.326. It must have rained last night,_?7. He must have been to Hong Kong , for he knows a lot, _?8. You must be a writer,_?A
30、 mustnt you B are you C must you D arent you3334考点诠释:考点一、情态动词基本含义的考查 1. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone_get out. A. had to B. would C. was able to D. could 解析:考查情态动词的基本含义。解析:考查情态动词的基本含义。had to:不:不得不;得不; would:表示意愿或过去常常;:表示意愿或过去常常;could倾向于表示经过长期训练而获得的能力;倾向于表示经过长期训练而获得的能力;w
31、as able to 表示经过努力而能够做到的事或成功表示经过努力而能够做到的事或成功地做了某事。因此,答案是地做了某事。因此,答案是C。 返回目录35考点诠释 2. When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon. They_be ready by 12:00. A. can B. should C. might D. need 解析:解析:can:能够;:能够;should:应该,表示责应该,表示责任、义务。任、义务。Might:可能;:可能;need:需要。:需要。它们应该在它们应该在12点前准备好。所以,答案
32、点前准备好。所以,答案是是B。 返回目录36考点诠释 3. You cant imagine that a well-behaved gentleman_be so rude to a lady . A. might B. need C. shouldD. would 解析:should 表示说话人感情,如惊奇、愤怒、失 望等。在此句中表示说话人一种惊奇的语气。 句意为: 你不可能想象出体面的绅士竟然对一位女士那么粗 鲁。答案是 C。 分析:高考对情态动词基本含义的考查,仍然集中在常 用的情态动词上。对常用情态动词的含义,要掌握的既 准确又要全面,特别是shall, should, can,
33、may 四个常用情态动词 的含义较多,不易理解,复习时应当引起重视。返回目录37二、情态动词表示推测的考查 对情态动词表示推测的用法,是高考考查情态动词的一个重要方面。例如: 1. Sorry, Im late. I _ have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again . A. might B. should C. can D. will 解析:might have done : (过去)可能做过某事; should have done :本应该做某事。根据本句提 供的情境Im late 表明说话人可能把闹钟关上了 。答
34、案是:A。 返回目录38考点诠释 2. My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon, so he _your lecture. A. couldnt have attended B. neednt have attended C. mustnt have attended D. shouldnt have attended 解析:couldnt have done: (过去)不可能做某事; neednt have done:本来不必做某事;mustnt have done:一定未做过某事: shouldnt have d
35、one:本不该做某事。根据提供的情境My sister met him at the Great Theatre表明他不可能参加讲座。答案是:A。 返回目录39考点诠释 3. Mr Bush is on time for everything. How _it be that he was late for the opening ceremony? A. can B. should C. may D. must 解析:can表示可能性。布什先生按时做一切事. 他怎么可能开幕式迟到呢?答案是:A。 返回目录40 4.I heard they went skiing in the mountai
36、ns last winter? It _true because there was little snow there. A. may not be B. wont be C. couldnt be D. mustnt be 解析:may not be: 可能不是; wont be: 不会是; couldnt be:不可能是; mustnt be : 一定不是。 根据提供情境there was little snow 说明山里滑雪 是件不可能的事,may not 语气不如couldnt强 。答案是:C。 41考点诠释 分析:高考对表示推测的情态动词集中在分析:高考对表示推测的情态动词集中在m
37、ust, can, could, may, might上,准确掌握它们使用的场合,是解上,准确掌握它们使用的场合,是解决问题的关键。决问题的关键。Must 用于肯定陈述句,表示肯定推测;用于肯定陈述句,表示肯定推测;can, could用于疑问或否定陈述句,表示可能性推测;用于疑问或否定陈述句,表示可能性推测;may, might用于陈述句,表示可能性推测;用于否定用于陈述句,表示可能性推测;用于否定陈述句中,陈述句中,cant (不可能)的语气比(不可能)的语气比may not(可能(可能不)强。此外,还要注意有对过去和对现在两种情况不)强。此外,还要注意有对过去和对现在两种情况的推测的推测
38、,对过去推测用情态动词对过去推测用情态动词+have done ,对现在推,对现在推测用情态动词测用情态动词+ 动词原形。动词原形。 返回目录42三、情态动词表示虚拟的考查 情态动词have+过去分词表示与过去事实上相反 的情况, 也是高考单项选择题涉及到情态动词的一 个重要方面。 1. There was a lot of fun at yesterdays party. You _ come, but why didnt you? A. must have B. should C. need have D. ought to have 解析:ought to have done 表示本来应
39、该做某事而 实际没做,should do 表示现在应该做某事,与题 中 at yesterdays party 表示的时间不一致。所以 选D。 返回目录43考点诠释 2.I was really anxious about you. You _home without a word. A. mustnt leave B. shouldnt have left C. couldnt have left D. neednt leave 解析:shouldnt have done 表示本来不应该做 而实际上做了。句意为:你不应该不说一句话 就离开家,而实际上是没说一句话就离开家了。 答案是:B。 返
40、回目录44考点诠释 3.Oh, Im not feeling well in the stomach. I_so much fried chicken just now. A. shouldnt eat B. mustnt have eaten C. shouldnt have eaten D. mustnt eat 解析:该句所表达的意思是刚才我不因解析:该句所表达的意思是刚才我不因该吃那么多炸鸡,而实际上是吃了那么该吃那么多炸鸡,而实际上是吃了那么多,可以判断用多,可以判断用shouldnt have eaten. 答答案是案是 C。 返回目录45 分析:高考对情态动词表示虚拟分析:高考对
41、情态动词表示虚拟用法,表示用法,表示与过与过 去事实相反的情况。近几年高考,主要侧重去事实相反的情况。近几年高考,主要侧重 should (not)have done 这一句式上,表示本这一句式上,表示本来来 不该做却做了或本来该做却未做的事不该做却做了或本来该做却未做的事, 在复习时,在复习时, 还应关注其它几种虚拟形式,如还应关注其它几种虚拟形式,如need (not) have done 表示本来需要做而未做或本来不需要而做表示本来需要做而未做或本来不需要而做的的 事等等,以做到有备无患。事等等,以做到有备无患。 46考点四、情态动词与助动词混合考查 1.Tom ,you didnt c
42、ome to the party last night? I_, but I suddenly remembered I had homework to do .(NMET2007全国卷II,20) A. had to B. didnt C. was going to D. wouldnt 解析:had to:不得不;didnt:没来;was going to:打算来;wouldnt:不愿来。句意:汤姆,昨晚你没来参加舞会吗?我本打算来,但我突然记起有作业要做。But是关键词,所以答案是:C。 返回目录47考点诠释 2.Your phone number again? I_quite catch it . Its 86184867. A. didnt B. couldnt C. dont D. cant 解析:解析:记住电话号码并非难事,未完全记住电话号码并非难事,未完全听清楚听清楚 电话号码并非能力的事,此处只是说没电话号码并非能力的事,此处只是说没有完全有完全 听清楚电话号码,所以,应选听清楚电话号码,所以,应选A。返回目录48高考链接
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