专八真题加答案

1、2000年-2011年专八短文改错试题，参考答案以及答案分析By兰银清以下答案以上外教师给出的答案为参考答案2011年专八真题改错部分From a very early age, perhaps the age of five or six, I knew that whe n I grew I should be a writer. Betwee n the ages of about seve ntee n and twen ty-four I tried to aba ndon this idea, but I did so with the con scie nee that I wa

2、s outrag ing my true nature and that soon or later I should have to settle down and write books.side, and I barely saw my fatherI soon developed disagree ingthe lon ely child's habit of mak ing upI was the child of three, but there was a gap of five years on either2_before I was eight. For this

3、and other reasons I was somewhat Ion ely, and3_mann erisms which made me un popular throughout my schooldays. I had 4 stories and holding conversations with imaginative persons, and I think from the very start my literal ambitions were mixed up with the feeli ng of being isolated and un dervalued. I

4、 knew that I had a facility with words and a power of facing in unpleasant facts, and I felt that this created a sort of private world which I could get my own back for myinten dedwriti ng which Ifailure in everyday life. Therefore, the volume of serious i.e. seriouslyproduced all through my childho

5、od and boyhood would not amou nt to poem at the age of four or five, my mother taking it down to dictation.1, 在grow后加up,考固定短语2, 改 consienee 为 consciousness 考词语区别，consienee 翻译为译为“意识”3, 改 soon 为 soon er, sooner or later 是固定短语4, 在child前加middle,考上下文理解。作者是三个孩子句中的那位6_ half a doze n pages. I wrote my first

6、78910良心，道德心 ", consiousness翻5, 改 disagreeing 为 disagreeable , disagreeing 只能作动名词，不能作形容词。disagreeable mannemisms 令人讨厌的习惯6, 改imagi native为imagi nary,考词语区别imagi native翻译为"有想象力的”，imag in ary翻译为"想象 的， 虚构的”7, 改literal为literary,考词义区别，literal翻译为"字面的"，literary翻译为"文学方面的"8, 去

7、掉face后的in, face接宾语时是及物动词。考动词的基本用法9, 在world后加in或者改 which为where,考定语从句10, 改 Therefore 为 However 或者 Nevertheness,考语境。感悟：11专八改错相对前几年专八改错要简单一点。本人认为词义区别考得过多了2010年专八真题改错部分So far as we can tell, all huma n lan guages are equally complete and perfect as in strume nts of commu ni cati on: that is, every lan gu

8、age appears to be well equipped as any other to say the thi ngs their speakers want to say.There may or may not be appropriate to talk about primitive peoples or cultures, but that is another matter. Certainly, not all groups of people are equally compete nt in n uclear physics orpsychology or the c

9、ultivation of rice . Whereas this is not the fault of their language. The Eskimos , it is said, can speak about snow with further more precision and subtlety than we can in English, but this is not because the Eskimo language (one of those sometimes miscalled 'primitive') is inherently more

10、precise and subtle than English. This example does not come to light a defect in English, a show of unexpected 'primitiveness'. The position is simply and obviously that the Eskimos and the English live in similar 7 environments. The English language will be just as rich in terms 8 for diffe

11、rent kinds of snow, presumably, if the environments in which English was habitually used made such distinction as important. 9Similarly, we have no reason to doubt that the Eskimo language could be as precise and subtle on the subject of motor manufacture or cricket if these topics formed the part o

12、f the Eskimos* life. 10 2010年专八真题改错参考答案以及分词1 be 后插入 as; as.as 引导的比较级2 their 改为 its; its 代替 every language3 There 改为 It; It 此处作为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式4 Whereas 改为 But ；语境需要表示转折的连词，whereas 表示对比5 further 改为 much further 不能修饰比较级6 come 改为 bring; (sth)come to light, bring sth to lightbring to light the defect

13、of English =bring the defect of english to light揭示英语的缺陷7 similar 改为 different; 根据语境应该用 different8 will 改为 would; 虚拟语气9 as important 去掉 as;10 the part 去掉 the 或者改 the 为 a be/become/form (a) part of 是固定短语09 专八改错原题The previous section has shown how quickly a rhyme passes from one school child to the nex

14、t and illustrates the further difference between school lore and nursery lore. In nursery lore a verse, learnt in early childhood, is not usually passed on again when the little listener has grown up, and has children of their own, or even grandchildren. The period between learning a nursery rhyme a

15、nd transmitting it may be something from twenty to seventy years. With the playground lore, therefore, a rhyme may be excitedly passed on within the very hour it is learnt; and in the general, it passes between children of the same age, or nearly so, since it is uncommon for the difference in age be

16、tweenplaymates to be more than five years. If therefore, a playground rhyme can be (1) shown to havebeen currently for a hundred years, or even just for fifty, it follows that it has retransmitted over and over; very possibly it has passed along a chain of two hundred young hearers and tellers, and

17、the wonder is that it remains live after(2) (3) handling, to let alone that it bears resemblance to the 答案分析： the further difference 改为 a further difference ( 此次应该用不定冠词表示(2) 改 when 为 until, 结构 not.unti1 翻译为“直到 才”(3) their 改为 his ( 代词与前文 a little listener 在单复数上保持一致 )(4) something 改为 anything 此处指二十到七十

18、的任何时段(5) therefore 改为 however ( 根据上下文逻辑关系 )(6) in the general 去掉 the ( 习惯用法 in general 表示总的来说，一般不 currently 改为 current ( 这里起的是表语的作用，需要形容词而不是副(8) it has passed改为it has been passed (与分号前的被动保持一致)(4) (5) (7) (8) (9) live 改为 alive alive 翻译为“鲜活的”，一般作补语； live 翻译为 的；活的”，一般作定语been or three so much泛指)用冠词 )词)“

19、现场转播(10) to let alone 改为 let alone (let alone 为习惯搭配，意思是“更不用2008 年专八真题短文改错The desire to use language as a sign of national identity is a very natural one, and in result language has played a prominent 1 part in national moves. Men have often felt the need to cultivate 2 a given language to show that

20、they are distinctive from another 3 race whose hegemony they resent. At the time the United States 4 split off from Britain, for example, there were proposals that independence should be linguistically accepted by the use of a 5 different language from those of Britain. There was even one 6 proposal

21、 that Americans should adopt Hebrew. Others favoured the adoption of Greek, though, as one man put it, things would certainly be simpler for Americans if they stuck on to English 7 and made the British learn Greek. At the end, as everyone8knows, the two countries adopted the practical and satisfacto

22、ry solution of carrying with the same language as before.9Since nearly two hundred years now, they have shown the world 10 that political independence and national identity can be complete without sacrificing the enormous mutual advantages of a common language. 20081. in result 改成 in consequence,2 m

23、oves 改成 movements.3 distinctive 改成 distinct 或 different4 在 time 后加 when5 accepted 改成 realized6 those 改成 that 7 删除 on,8 At 改成 In9 carrying with 改成 carrying on with10 now 改成 ago07 专八真题短文改错From what has been said, it must be clear that no one can make very positive statements about how language origina

24、ted. There is no material in any language today and in the earliest 1records of ancient languages show us language in a new and emerging state. It is often said, of course, that the language originated in cries of anger, fear, pain and pleasure, and the necessary evidence is entirely lacking: there

25、are no remote tribes, no ancient records, providing evidence of a language with a large proportion of such cries than we find in English. It is true that the absence of such evidence does not disprove the theory, but in other grounds too the theory is not very attractive.7 whose languages are utterl

26、y between these noises and amusement are largely reflex 8 not consist of signs but of9 languages 是并歹 U 成分，People of all races and languages make rather similar noises in return to pain or pleasure. The fact that such noises are similar on the lips of Frenchmen and Malaysians different, serves to emp

27、hasize on the fundamental difference language proper. We may say that the cries of pain or chortles of actions, instinctive to large extent, whereas language proper does these that have to be learnt and that are wholly conventional.1, 改 and 为 or, any languagages today or recordsof ancient 在否定句中用 or2

28、, 改 show 为 showing, 现在分词作定语3, 删除 the, 表示泛指4, 改and为but,根据语境此处是转折5, 改large为larger,后面有than,应该用比较级6, 改 in on, on other grounds 64基于其它理由”，为固定搭配7, 改 return 为 response , in response to " 对 作 出反应 "8, 删除 on, emphasize sth emphasize 是及物动词9, 在large前加a, exte nt是可数名词，前面要加冠词。"to a large exte nt翻译为“

29、在很大程度上”10, 改 these 为 those those that/who 为固定形式2006 专八短文改错We use language primarily as a means of communication with other human beings. Each of us shares with the community in which welive a store of words and meanings as well as agreeing conventions as to1 the way in whichspeaker has in his commun

30、icate his His vocabulary, in increases in size asremains no more expressing it inwords should be arranged to convey a particular message: the English2disposal vocabulary and a set of grammatical rules which enables him to3thoughts and feelings, in a variety of styles, to the other English speakers.4

31、 particular, both that which he uses actively and that which he recognises,5 he grows old as a result of education and experience.But, whether the language store is relatively small or large, the system than a psychological reality for the individual, unless he has a means ofterms able to be seen by

32、 anothermember of his linguistic community; he bas to give the system aconcrete transmission form. We take it for granted the two most 8 common forms of transmission-by means of sounds produced by our vocal organs (speech) or by visual signs (writing). And these are 9 among most striking of human ac

33、hievements. 101, 改 agreeing 为 agreed agreed conventions 翻译为 " 习俗 "2, words前加the，此处为特指3, 改 in 为 at at one's disposal 为固定短语，翻译为“由某人做主”4, 改 enables 为 enable,定语从句与先行词vocabulary and a set of grammatical rules 保持一致5, 删除the，此处需要泛指6, 改 old 为 older, 此处需要比较级7, 改 seen 为 understood, system 应该是被理解8

34、., 删 1 除 it take sth for granted take it for granted that.9, 改or为and,语境需要并列关系而不需选择关系10, most前加the,形容词最高级中that 一般不能省略2005 年专八真题短文改错The University as BusinesA number of colleges and universities have announced steep tuition increases for next year much steeper than the current, very low rate of inflat

35、ion. They say the increases are needed because of a loss in value of university endowments heavily investing in common stock. I am skeptical. A business firm chooses the price that maximizes its1 2 3 4 5 universities tuitions may biggest cost graduate and to reallocatemajors, requirednet revenues, i

36、rrespective fluctuations in income; and increasingly the outlook of in the United States is indistinguishable from those of business firms. The rise in reflect the fact economic uncertainty increases the demand for education. The of being in the school is foregoing income from a job (this is primari

37、ly a factor in professional-school tuition); the poor one*s job prospects, the more sense it makes time from the job market to education, in order to make oneself more marketable.The ways which universities make themselves attractive to students include soft student evaluations of teachers, giving s

38、tudents a governance role, and eliminate courses.Sky-high tuitions have caused universities to regard their students as customers. Just as business firms sometimes collude to shorten the rigors of competition, universities collude to minimize the cost to them of the athletes whom they recruit in ord

39、er to stimulate alumni donations, so the best athletes now often bypass higher education in order to obtain salaries earlier from professional teams. And until they were stopped by the antitrust authorities, the Ivy League schools colluded to limit competition for the best students, by agreeing not

40、to award scholarships on the basis of merit rather than purelyof needjust like business firms agreeing not to give discounts on their best 10 customer.1. investing 应改为 invested, 过去分词作定语2. 在 irrespective 和 fluctuations 之间加上介词 ofo irrespectiveOf 是一固定用法,意指“不论,不管,不顾 , 等,此处指公司不顾收入的波动变化。3. 把 those 改为 that

41、, that 此处代替 outlook4. 在fact和economic之间力口上关系代词that。这是一个同位语从语，that在同位语从句中是不能省略的.5. 把定冠词the去掉，in school表示上学这个抽象意义6. 把形容词poor改为其比较级 poorero这句中的poor与后面的more形成一对比较关系，表示"越 .越”7. 在 ways 和 which 之间加上一个介词in 。8. 这里应该用动词的一 Ing 形式，即 eliminating, 以便使句型结构与前面的 giving(students a governance role) 保持一致，否则句子结构和意思都

42、显得不正确。9. 将shorten(缩短；使变短)改为reduce/lesson/weaken。此处属于用词不当。10. 将 to give discounts on 改为 to give discounts to their best customer o 意为实业公司给最好的客户提供 优 惠。 Give discounts to sb 为固定短语2004 改错One of the most important non-legislative functions of the U.S Congressis the power to investigate. This power is usu

43、ally delegated to committees - either standing committees, special committees set for a specific(1)purpose, or joint committees consisted of members of both houses.(2)Investigations are held to gather information on the need for future legislation, to test the effectiveness of laws already passed, t

44、o inquire into the qualifications and performance of members and officials of the other branches, and in rare occasions, to lay the(3)groundwork for impeachment proceedings. Frequently, committees rely outside experts to assist in conducting investigative hearings(4)and to make out detailed studies

45、of issues.(5)There are important corollaries to the investigative power. One is the power to publicize investigations and its results. Most(6)committee hearings are open to public and are reported(7)widely in the mass media. Congressional investigations nevertheless represent one important tool avai

46、lable to lawmakers (8) to inform the citizenry and to arouse public interests in national issues.(9)Congressional committees also have the power to compel testimony from unwilling witnesses, and to cite for contempt of Congress witnesses who refuse to testify and for perjury of these who give false

47、testimony.(10)1. ，在 set 后加 up, setup “建立、成立 " 是固定短语2. 答案： consisted 一 consisting/composed3 . 答案： in 一 on【详细解答】固定搭配 on .occasions4. 答案 rely 后加 on【详细解答】固定搭配 rely on sb. to do something5. 答案： make out 一 make【详细解答】make out意思是"辨认岀"，而此处意思是"对做详细的研究”，故用 “ make detailedstudies of." 即

48、可。6. 答案： its 一 their【详细解答】此处指代的是 -investigations" 故用复数。7. 答案： public 一 the public【详细解答】 the +adj. 可表示某一类人，此处意思是“面向公众 "，故应用 "thepublic 。”8. 答案： nevertheless 一 therefore/ thus【详细解答】此处不是表示意思的转折，而是与前文构成因果关系，故可改为therefore 或 thus。9. 答案： interests 一 interest【详细解答】此处看成不可数名词为佳10. 答案： these 一 t

49、hose【详细解答】those指代witnesses ,即指代名词复数做定语从句的先行词，而these不行2003 改错Demographic indicators show that Americans in the postwarperiod were more eager than ever to establish families. They quickly brought down the age at marriage for both men and women and brought the birth rate to a twentieth century height a

50、fter more than a hundred(1)_years of a steady decli ne, produc ing the "baby boom。，These you ng(2)_adults established a trend of early marriage and relatively large families that went for more than two decades and caused a major(3)_but temporary reversal of long-term demographic patterns. Fromt

51、he 1940s through the early 1960s, Americans married at a high rate(4)_and at a younger age than their Europe counterparts.(5)_Less noted but equally more significant, the men and women who(6)_formed families between 1940 and 1960 nevertheless reduced the(7)_divorce rate after a postwar peak; their m

52、arriages remained intact toa greater extent than did that of couples who married in earlier as well(8)_as later decades. Since the United States maintained its dubious(9)_distinction of having the highest divorce rate in the world, the temporary decline in divorce did not occur in the same extent in

53、(10)_Europe. Contrary to fears of the experts, the role of breadwinner and homemaker was not abandoned.1. 答案： height 一 high, high 作为名词翻译为“最高水平”，又如 reach an all-time high2. 答案：删除 a【详细解答】此处 steady decline 指稳定下降的行为、过程而不是其结果，为不可数名词，故应去掉定冠词 a。3. 答案： went 后加 on【详细解答】 goon 为固定搭配，意为“持续”。4. 答案： high 一 higher

54、【详细解答】 后面有than,此处应为比较级。5. 答案： Europe 一 European【详细解答】根据上下文，此处应用形容词作定语修饰名词counterparts。6. 答案： more【详细解答】由上下文可知， more 与 equally 矛盾，故应去掉。7. 答案：nevertheless 一 also 【详细解答】由上下文可知，此处讲的内容与前部分内容之间为递进关系，而非转折关系。8 ? 答案： that 一 those形式。9. 答案：Since Although （或 While）【详细解答】从逻辑上讲，此处应表达让步关系，而非因果关系10. 答案：in 一 to【详细解答

55、】to. extent为固定搭配，意为“至U程度12_3.457.2002 改错 There are great impediments to the general use of a sta ndard in pronun ciati on comparable to that exist ing in spelli ng (orthography). One is the fact that pronun ciati on is leamt t naturally、and unconsciously, and orthography is learntdeliberately and co

56、n sciously. Large nu mbers of us, in fact, rema in throughout our lives quite uncon scious with what our speech sounds like whe n we speak out, and it ofte n comes as a shock when we firstly hear a recording of ourselves. It is not a voice we recog nize at on ce, whereas our own han dwriti ng is som

57、eth ing which we almost always know. We beg in the 'n atural' learning of pronunciation long before we start learning to read or write, and in our early years we went on uncon sciously imitati ng and practici ng the pronun ciati on of those around us for many more hours per every day tha n w

58、e ever have to spe nd lear ning eve n our difficult En glish spelli ng. This is 'n atura l', therefore, that our speech-so unds should be those of our immediate circle; after all, as we have see n, speech operates as a mea ns of hold ing a com munityand giv ing a sense ofbel ongin g*. We lear n quite early to recog nize aastran ger? ,some one who speaks with an acce nt ofa differe nt commu ni ty-perhaps only a few miles f