高考调研英语高三总复习语法专项突破三非谓语动词——动词的-ed形式

1、语法专项突破语法专项突破(三三)非谓语动词非谓语动词动词的动词的-ed形式形式I saw the horse tied to a tree.及物动词的过去分词作宾语补足语，与宾语有逻辑上的被动关系，且表完成宾语补足语He is an experienced teacher.The book published in March sells well.相当于一个定语从句，表示被动或完成，单个分词前置，分词短语作定语时后置定语The window was broken.表示状态表语过去分词典句例示主要用法功能分词过去分词状语一般式(done)同动词的-ing形式的完成被动式(having been

2、 done)均与句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且先于谓语动作发生Given(=Having been given) a wrong number, I couldnt contact him over the phone.过去分词和动词的-ing形式作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致，且和句中主语构成逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系，否则不能使用它们作状语。但独立成分如：Generally speaking, Judging from, Considering等除外Being blind, how could they see an elephant?Given a chance, we ca

3、n surprise the world.【特别提醒】1. 不及物动词的-ed形式一般只表示“完成”，没有被动意义。如：developed areas=areas that have developed2. 只表示“被动”，不表示“完成”。这是某些及物动词的一种用法。如：Seen from the top of the building, the park is more beautiful.从楼顶上看去，这公园更加美丽。3. 动词的-ed形式表示“被动，完成”。表示一个被动的动作已经完成。这是及物动词最常用的用法。如：Bitten by a dog, she is afraid to go

4、out at night.被狗咬了以后，她很害怕在夜间外出。F高考体验1. (2012湖南)Time, _ correctly, is money in the bank.A. to useB. usedC. using D. use答案 B解析 句意：时间如果运用得当，就会变成银行里的钱。此处是非谓语动词作状语，其逻辑主语time与use之间存在被动关系，故用过去分词作状语表示被动。2. (2012新课标全国)Film has a much shorter history, especially when _ such art forms as music and painting.A. h

5、aving compared to B. comparing toC. compare to D. compared to答案 D解析 compare . to .意为“把和进行比较”，在该题when后面为非谓语形式，由于句子主语film和compare为被动关系，所以应用过去分词形式，此处是when it (film) is compared to such art forms as music and painting的省略。3. (2012浙江)“Its such a nice place,” Mother said as she sat at the table _ for custo

6、mers.A. to be reserved B. having reservedC. reserving D. reserved答案 D解析 分析句子结构可知, 此处应用非谓语动词修饰table，“桌子”是“被预订或保留”的，所以用过去分词短语作后置定语。4. (2012北京) _ with care, one tin will last for six weeks.A. Use B. UsingC. Used D. To use答案 C解析 句意：如果用得仔细的话，一罐可以够用六周。分析句子结构可知所填部分在句中作状语，且与句子的主语之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，故选C项。5. (2011安徽

7、)Tom asked the candy makers if they could make the chocolate easier _ into small pieces.A. breakB. breakingC. brokenD. to break答案 D解析 句意：汤姆问糖果制造商们能否把巧克力做得更易于掰成小块。这是一个固定句式：make sth.+adj.+(for sb.) to do“使某事变得(使某人)做起来”, 如make English easy for us to learn(使英语变得让我们学起来容易)，因此选D项。6. (2011福建)Tsinghua Univer

8、sity, _ in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures.A. foundB. foundingC. foundedD. to be founded答案 C解析 句意：清华大学, 建于1911年, 是许多杰出人物的母校。found意指“建立;创立”，与主语Tsinghua University构成逻辑上的动宾关系，过去分词短语founded in 1911作后置定语, 相当于非限制性定语从句which was founded in 1911。7. (2011湖南)The players _ from the whole

9、country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game.A. selectingB. to selectC. selectedD. having selected答案 C解析 句意：(我们)期待从全国选出的运动员在这次夏季运动会中给我们带来荣誉。The players与select之间是被动关系，故用过去分词短语作后置定语。8. (2011陕西)Claire had her luggage _ an hour before her plane left.A. checkB. checkingC. to checkD. checked

10、答案 D解析 句意：克莱尔在飞机离开前一小时(由安检员)把行李检查了。check与her luggage之间为逻辑上的动宾关系, 所以用checked,构成have sth. done结构。9. (2011大纲全国)The island, _ to the mainland by a bridge, is easy to go to.A. joining B. to joinC. joined D. having joined答案 C解析 句意：这个岛屿由一座桥和大陆相连, 很容易到达。join与the island之间是逻辑上的动宾关系, 故此处用过去分词作定语。10. (2011四川)_

11、an important role in a new movie, Andy has got a chance to become famous.A. OfferB. OfferingC. OfferedD. To offer答案 C解析 句意：因为安迪在一部新电影中被分给一个重要角色, 她得到了一个成名的机会。根据句意可判断状语中的动作offer与句子主语“安迪”之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系, 故用过去分词offered作原因状语。11. (2010全国卷)Mrs. White showed her students some old maps _ from the library.A. to

12、borrow B. to be borrowedC. borrowed D. borrowing答案 C解析 句意：怀特夫人向学生们展示了一些从图书馆借来的老地图。borrow和maps是被动关系，根据句意borrow的动作已经完成，所以正确答案为C。12. (2010北京)Im calling to enquire about the position _ in yesterdays China Daily.A. advertised B. to be advertisedC. advertising D. having advertised答案 A解析 句意：我打电话来咨询下昨天中国日报上

13、刊登职位的信息。“the position”肯定是“被advertise”，此处的分词可以理解为一个定语从句which was advertised。13. (2010福建)In April, thousands of holidaymakers remained _ abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud.A. sticking B. stuckC. to be stuck D. to have stuck答案 B解析 句意：四月份由于火山灰的影响数千名度假者滞留国外。remain是系动词，后面接过去分词作表语。14. (2010湖南)So far nobo

14、dy has claimed the money _ in the library.A. discovered B. to be discoveredC. discovering D. having discovered答案 A解析 该空在句中作后置定语修饰the money，根据the money与discover的被动关系，排除C、D两项。B项表示的是“将要被发现”的意思，根据句意“到目前为止还没有人来认领在图书馆被发现的钱。”可判断选A项。15. (2010陕西)_ from the top of the tower, the south foot of the mountain is

15、a sea of trees.A. SeenB. SeeingC. Have seenD. To see答案 A解析 考查非谓语动词。此处是非谓语动词做状语，逻辑主语是句子的主语，非谓语动词与逻辑主语是被动关系，且其动作在谓语动词动作之前已经完成，用过去分词，选A。16. (2010四川)A great number of students _ said they were forced to practise the piano.A. to questionB. to be questionedC. questionedD. questioning答案 C解析 考查非谓语动词。questio

16、n与students 存在被动关系，question表示的动作也已完成，故用过去分词。17. (2009全国卷)Now that weve discussed our problem, are people happy with the decisions _?A. takingB. takeC. takenD. to take答案 C解析 句意：既然我们已经讨论了我们的问题，人们满意作出决定吗？ decisions 和take之间为被动关系，故正确答案为C。18. (2009北京)For breakfast he only drinks juice from fresh fruit _ on

17、 his own farm.A. grownB. being grownC. to be grownD. to grow答案 A解析 句意：早餐他只喝由自家农场种植的新鲜水果榨的汁。fruit 和grow之间为被动关系，且句意表示动作已经完成，故正确答案为A。19. (2009北京)_ twice, the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we chained our dog.A. Being bittenB. BittenC. Having bittenD. To he bitten答案 B解析 句意：被狗咬了两次后，邮递员拒绝给我

18、们送信除非我们把狗拴起来。the postman 和 bite 之间为被动关系，且动作已经完成，故正确答案为B。20. (2009浙江)_ and short of breath, Andy and Ruby were the first to reach the top of Mount Tai.A. To be tiredB. TiredC. TiringD. Being tired答案 B解析 考查形容词作伴随状语。解题关键在于弄清主语和tire 之间的关系，tired 意为“感到劳累的”。21. (2009江西)_ the right kind of training, these t

19、eenage soccer players may one day grow into international stars.A. GivingB. Having givenC. To giveD. Given答案 D解析 考查非谓语动词。如果把句子补充完整就不难看出：If they are given the right kind of training , 可知主语they 即these teenager soccer players与give 之间是被动的关系，所以用过去分词。根据主、从句主语一致可省略从句主语的原则，连词if 也可省，所以得出given the right kind

20、of training , these teenager soccer players .F模拟预测1. The woman _ there, _ in a blue shirt, is Lilys teacher.A. seated; dressingB. sitting; dressedC. sat; dressedD. seating; dressed答案 B解析 主语the woman 和 sit之间为主动关系；和dress之间为被动关系，故正确答案为B。2. The murderer was brought in, with his hands _ behind his back.A

21、. being tiedB. having tiedC. tiedD. to be tied答案 C解析 考查with复合结构。hands 和 tie 之间为被动关系，且强调状态，故正确答案为。3. Though _ of the danger, he still went skating on the thin ice.A. warningB. to warnC. warn D. warned答案 D解析 本题为省略句。还原后为Though he _ of the danger, he和 warn之间为被动关系， 故正确答案为D。4. (2013三亚模拟)With so many child

22、ren _ round the table, the food disappeared_.A. seating; at no timeB. seated; in no timeC. seated; at no timeD. seating; in no time答案 B解析 句意：有这么多孩子坐在桌边， 食物一会儿就不见了。第一空考查with复合结构，children和seat之间为被动关系； 第二空考查固定短语 in no time “很快”。5. How are they getting on with their work? Everything goes well as _.A. to

23、 be plannedB. being plannedC. planned D. planning答案 C解析 答句为省略句，补全后为Everything goes well as ( it is )planned.。6. (2013哈尔滨模拟)Unless _, I will not go to the party held by them.A. inviteB. invitedC. inviting D. to invite答案 B解析 该句为省略句，从句的主语为I和invite之间为被动关系，其完整形式是Unless I am invited, .，故正确答案为B。7. _ why he

24、 came to do Hamlet, he said that he felt it his responsibility _ Shakespeares plays to Chinese audience.A. Asked; introducingB. Being asked; to introduceC. Asked; to introduce D. To be asked; introduced答案 C解析 句意：当被问到他为什么要扮演哈姆雷特时，他说他觉得把莎士比亚的戏剧介绍给中国的观众是自己的责任。He 和 ask之间为被动关系，且动作已完成，故用asked作状语。第二空考查句型 f

25、eel it + adj. / n. + to do sth.。8. (2013日照模拟)The road _ for vehicles is under repair. Drivers are required to take some other routes.A. meaningB. meantC. to meanD. being meant答案 B解析 考查非谓语动词。be meant for “打算用作”， 排除A和C。根据语境可知本句表达的是一贯的时间概念而不是正在进行，故正确答案为。9. (2013潍坊模拟) Whats your impression of the Great

26、Wall? Wonderful! Once _, it can never be forgotten.A. seenB. seeingC. being seenD. saw答案 A解析 答语为省略句，主句主语it和see之间为被动关系，其完整形式为：Once it is seen, .，故正确答案为A。10. I found him sitting in his chair, completely _ a magazine.A. absorbingB. being absorbed inC. absorbed inD. absorbing in答案 C解析 be absorbed in sth

27、. “全神贯注于”， 本句中缺少非谓语动词充当状语， 故正确答案为C。11. They spent the whole night _ in the room waiting for the thief to come.A. having lockedB. lockingC. lockedD. to he locked答案 C解析 句意：他们锁在房间里过了一整夜等着小偷来。locked 作状语。本题容易误选B， waiting 就是spend time in doing 中的宾语。12. (2013天津模拟)On _ flight would be delayed, we made other

28、 arrangements.A. being informedB. informedC. InformingD. having informed答案 A解析 on doing “一 就”， we 和inform之间为被动关系，故正确答案为A。13. These surveys indicate that many crimes go _ by the police, mainly because not all victims report them.A. unrecordedB. to be unrecordedC. to have been unrecordedD. unrecording

29、答案 A解析 句意：这些调查表明很多罪行没有被警方记录，主要是因为不是所有的受害者都会报警。本题考查go的一种特殊用法， 即与否定式的过去分词连用, 表示某动作未发生。14. _ true events, the film follows the life of Braddock, a boxer in New York.A. Being based onB. Basing onC. Based onD. Having based on答案 C解析 be based on“以为基础”， 作状语时只用过去分词。15. The moving picture of a little boy of 5

30、, _ from the big earthquake, has been made _ to all Chinese people for the boys saluting to the soldiers.A. saved; to knowB. to save; knowingC. have been saved; knowD. saved; known答案 D解析 句意：一个从大地震中获救的5岁小男孩向解放军战士敬礼的感人照片已经为全国人民所知。boy 和save 之间、picture和know 之间均为被动关系，故正确答案为D。16. It is reported that some

31、wild animals were found _ in a big cave in the mountain.A. to hide deadB. hidden dead C. hiding deadD. hidden death答案 B解析 这句话的语序调整后应该是这样的：It is reported that some wild animals were found hidden in a big cave in the mountain dead. dead是表示“死了”这个状态，是形容词作状语。17. In his victory speech, _ before a huge cro

32、wd of his supporters, Obama declared that “Change has come to America.”A. having deliveredB. to be deliveredC. deliveringD. delivered答案 D解析 speech和deliver之间为被动关系，且动作已经完成， 所以用过去分词作后置定语。18. Carbon dioxide _ from burning fuels is the most common of the so-called greenhouse gases.A. producingB. having been producedC. to be producedD. produced答案 D解析 句意：燃烧燃料所产生的二氧化碳是所谓温室气体中最常