北京卷七选五

1、北京卷七选五专题分析Passage1.（201小匕京）ThisWaytoDreamlandDaydreamingmeanspeoplethinkaboutsomethingpleasant,especiallywhenthismakesthemforgetwhattheyshouldbedoing.Daydreamershaveabadreputationforbeingunawareofwhat'happeningaroundthem.Theycanseemforgetfulandclumsy._71_Theyannoyusbecausetheyseemtobeignoringusa

2、ndmissingtheimportantthings.Butdaydreamersarealsoresponsibleforsomeofthegreatestideasandachievementsinhumanhistory._72_Canyouimaginewhatkindofworldwewouldhavewithoutsuchideasandinventions?Sohowcanyoucomeupwithbrilliantdaydreamsandavoidfallingovertreerootsorotherwiselookinglikeafool?First,understandt

3、hatsomeopportunitiesfordaydreamingarebetterthanothers.Feelingsafeandrelaxedwillhelpyoutoslipintodaydreams._73_Andifyouwantreydtaydreaming,toimproveyourchancesofhavingacreativeideawhileyoudoitwhileyouareinvolvedinanothertaskpreferablysomethingsimple,liketakingashowerorwalking,orevenmakingmeaninglessd

4、rawings.It'salsoimportanttoknowhowtoavoiddaydreamsforthosetimeswhenyoureallyneedtoconcentrate“Mindfulness”,beingfocused,isatoolthatsomepeopleusetoavoidfallingasleep._74_Finally,youneverknowwhatwonderfulideamightstrikewhileyourmindhasmovedslowlyaway.75_Alwaysrememberthatyourbestideasmightcomewhen

5、yourheadisactuallyintheclouds.A. Havinginterestingthingstothinkaboutalsohelps.B. Theystareoffintospaceandwanderbythemselves.C. Withoutwanderingminds,wewouldn'thaverelatively,CokienoteostD. Atonetime,daydreamingwasthoughttobeacauseofsomemental川nesses.E. Itinvolvesslow,steadybreathingforself-contr

6、olthathelpspeoplestaycalmandattentive.F. Daydreamsareoftenverysimpleanddirect,quiteunlikesleepdreams,whichmaybehardtounderstand.G. Therefore,it'asgoodideatokeepanotebookorvoicerecordernearbywhenyou'reinthedaydreamzone.Passage2.（2013匕京）MuzakThenexttimeyougointoabank,astore,orasupermarket,stop

7、andlisten.Whatdoyouhear?71It'ssimilartothemusicyoulistento,butit'snotexthesame.That'sbecausethismusicwasespeciallydesignedtorelaxyou,ortogiveyouextraenergy.Sometimesyoudon'evenrealizethemusicisplaying,butyoureacttothemusicanyway.Quietbackgroundmusicusedtobecalled“eevOtoiri（sic”becaus

8、eweoftenhearditinelevators.Butlatelywehearitinmoreandmoreplaces,andithasanewname“Muzak'Aboutone-thirdofthepeopleinAmericalistento“Muzak'everyday.Themusicplaysfor15minutesatatime,withshortpausesinbetween.Itisalwaysmorelivelybetweentenandeleveninthemorning,andbetweenthreeandfourintheafternoon,

9、whenpeoplearemoretired.72.IfyoulistentoMuzakcarefully,youwillprobablyrecognizethenamesofmanyofthesongs.Somemusiciansorsongwritersdon'twanttheirsongstobeusedasMuzak,butothersarehappywhentheirsongsarechosen.Why?73.Musicisoftenplayedinpublicplacesbecauseitisdesignedtomakepeoplefeellesslonelywhenthe

10、yareinanairportorahotel.IthasbeenproventhatMuzakdoeswhatitisdesignedtodo.TiredofficeworkerssuddenlyhavemoreenergywhentheyhearthepleasantsoundofMuzakinthebackground.74Supermarketshoppersbuy38percentmoregroceries.75.Theysayit'sboringtohearthesamesongsallthetime.ButotherpeopleenjoyhearingMuzakinpub

11、licplaces.Theysayithelpsthemrelaxandfeelcalm.Onewayoranother,Muzakaffectseveryone.SomefarmersevensaytheircowsgivemoremilkwhentheyhearMuzak!A.Somepeopledon'tlikeMuzak.B.Themusicgivesthemextraenergy.C.Musicisplayinginthebackground.D.Factoryworkersproduce13percentmore.E.Muzaktendstohelppeopleunders

12、tandmusicbetter.F.Theygetasmuchas$4millionayeariftheirsongsareused.G.Muzakisplayedinmostofthebigsupermarketsintheworld.词组总结：atatime每次;一次Takethreepillsatatime.reactto对一作出反应pausep?:z名词n.暂停，中断afterabriefpausethespeakercontinued.onewayoranother以某种方法OnewayoranotherI'mgoingtofinishthisworkbeforetheend

13、oftheweek.Passage3.（2011北京）PublicSpeakingandCriticalthinkingWhatiscriticalthinking?Toacertaindegree,it'samatteroflogic（逻辑）-ofbeingabletospotweaknessinotherpeople'sargumentsandtoavoidtheminyourown.Italsoincludesrelatedskillssuchasdistinguishingfactfromopinionandassessingthesoundnessofevidence

14、.Inthebroadsense,criticalthinkingisfocused,organizedthinking-theabilitytoseeclearlytherelationshipsamongideas._71_.Thegreatestthinkers,scientists,andinventorshaveoftentakeninformationthatwasreallyavailableandputittogetherdifferentlytoproducenewideas.That,too,iscriticalthinking._72_.Astheclassgoeson,

15、forexample,youwillprobablyspendagooddealoftimeorganizingyourspeeches.Whilethismayseemlikeapurelymechanical（机械的）exercise,itiscloselyconnectedwithcriticalthinking.Ifthestructureofyourspeechislooseandconfused,chancesarethatyourthinkingisalsodisorderedandconfused.If,ontheotherhand,thestructureisclear,th

16、ereisagoodchanceyourthinkingistoo.Organizingaspeechisnotjustamatterofarrangingyourideasyoualreadyhave._73_.Whatistrueoforganizationistrueofmanyaspectsofpublicspeaking._74_.Asyouworkonexpressingyourideasinclearaccuratelanguage,youwillimproveyourabilitytothinkclearlyandaccurately._75_.Asyoulearntolist

17、encriticallytospeechesinclass,youwillbebetterabletoassesstheideasofspeakersinavarietyofsituations.Ifyoutakefulladvantageofyourspeechclass,youwillbeabletodevelopyourskillsasacriticalthinkerinmanycircumstances.ThisisonereasonpublicspeakinghasbeenregardedasavitalpartofeducationsincethedaysofancientGree

18、ce.A. Rather,itisanimportantpartofshapingtheideasthemselves.B. Thismayseemtakealotoftime,buttherewardsarewellworthit.C. Itmayalsohelpyoutoknowthatthereisnosuchthingasaperfectspeech.D.Ithasoftenbeensaidthattherearefewnewideasintheworld,onlyreorganizedideas.E. Ifyouarewonderingwhatthishastodowithyourp

19、ublicspeakingclass,theanswerisquitealot.F. Theskillsyoulearninyourspeechclasscanhelpyoubecomeamoreeffectivethinkerinanumberofways.G. Asyoustudytheroleofevidenceandreasoninginspeechmaking,youwillseehowtheycanbeusedinotherformsofcommunicationaswell.Passage4.（2013北京）UrbanizationUntilrelativelyrecently,

20、thevastmajorityofhumanbeingslivedanddiedwithouteverseeingacity.Thefirstcitywasprobablyfoundednomorethan5,500yearsago._71_.Infact,nearlyeveryonelivedonfarmsorintinyrural（乡村的）villages.Itwasnotuntilthe20thcenturythatGreatBritainbecamethefirsturbansocietyinhistory-asocietyinwhichthemajorityofpeoplelivei

21、ncitiesanddonotfarmforaliving.Britainwasonlythebeginning_72_.Theprocessofurbanization-themigration（迁移）ofpeoplefromthecountrysidetothecity-wastheresultofmodernization,whichhasrapidlytransformedhowpeopleliveandwheretheylive.In1990,fewerthan40%ofAmericanslivedinurbanareas.Today,over82%ofAmericanslivein

22、cities.Onlyabout2%liveonfarms_73_.Largecitieswereimpossibleuntilagriculturebecameindustrialized.Eveninadvancedagriculturalsocieties.Ittookaboutninety-fivepeopleonfarmstofeedfivepeopleincities_74_.Untilmoderntimes,thoselivingincitiesweremainlytherulingelite（精英）andtheservants,laborersandprofessionalsw

23、hoservedthem.Citiessurvivedbytaxingfarmersandwerelimitedinsizebytheamountofsurplusfoodthattheruralpopulationproducedandbytheabilitytomovethissurplusfromfarmtocity.Overthepasttwocenturies,theIndustrialRevolutionhasbrokenthisbalancebetweenthecityandthecountry_75_.Today,insteadofneedingninety-fivefarme

24、rstofeedfivecitypeople,oneAmericanfarmerisabletofeedmorethanahundrednon-farmers.A. Thatkeptcitiesverysmall.B. Therestliveinsmalltowns.C. Theeffectsofurbanlivingonpeopleshouldbeconsidered.D. Soonmanyotherindustrialnationsbecomeurbansocieties.E. Buteven200yearsago,onlyafewpeoplecouldliveincities.F. Mo

25、dernizationdrewpeopletothecitiesandmadefarmersmoreproductive.G.Moderncitieshavedestroyedsocialrelationsandthehealthofhumanbeings.Passage4.（2012北京）EmpathyLastyear,researchersfromtheUniversityofMichiganreportedthatempathy,theabilitytounderstandotherpeople,amongcollegestudentshaddroppedsharplyoverthepa

26、st10years._71_Today,peoplespendmoretimealoneandarelesslikelytojoingroupsandclubs.JenniferFreed,aco-directorofateenprogram,hasanotherexplanation.TurnontheTV,andyou'rshoweredwithnewsandrealityshowsfullofpeoplefighting,competing,andgenerallytreatinganotherwithnorespect._72_Therearegoodreasonsnottof

27、ollowthosebadexamples.Humansaresociallyrelatedbynature._73_Researchershavealsofoundthatempatheticteenagersaremorelikelytohavehighself-respect.Besides,empathycanbeacureforloneliness,sadness,anxiety,andfear.Empathyisalsoanindicationofagoodleader.Infact,Freedsays,manytopcompaniesreportthatempathyisoneofthemostimportantthingstheylookforinnewmanagers._74_Academicsareimportant.Butifyoudon'thaveemotional（情感的）intelligence,youwon'beassuccessfulinworko