自考英语(二)课文语法讲解unit-4-work-is-a-blessing

1、New wordsblessingn. （上帝的）祝福；好事；福分；因祸得福 The prophecy of a double blessing was not to be fulfilled. “双喜进门”的预言没有效验。 祸福兼有；有利有弊 a mixed blessingMy illness was a mixed blessing. 我的病是一个好坏掺半之事。Some would argue this was no burden in fact, and that she should count her blessings. 有些人可能会说这事实上算不上什么负担，她应该想想自己有多幸

2、运。blessedadj. 快乐的；神圣的；v. ( bless的过去式和过去分词)；称颂上帝；求神赐福于 Both are blessed with uncommon ability to fix things. 两人在修理东西上都有一手绝活。It is more blessed to give than to receive. （能够）施舍比收受更为幸福。New wordsimmigrantn. 移民，侨民；从异地移入的动物adj. 移民的，移来的；侨民的Augie, like his author, is a Jew, born among the immigrant poor. 奥吉和

3、他的塑造者一样，是犹太人，出身于穷苦的移民家庭。 词根：migr =remove,表示迁移同根词adj.migratory迁移的,流浪的 immigrant移来的,移民的 (im进入+migr迁移+ant的adj.移来的,移民的 )n.migrant移民,候鸟 (migr迁移+ant人或物迁移的鸟候鸟)migration移民, 移植, 移往, 移动 (migrate迁移,移居+ion动作或状态migration移民;移往)Farmers have learned that they have to migrate if they want to survive. 农民们已经认识到，想要生存就必

4、须外出打工。Swallows begin their migration south in autumn. 燕子在秋季开始向南方迁移。 emigrate移居者流亡v. (e出+migr移+en.移居者尤指因政治因素而移居外国者,流亡者)The family decided to shake the dust off their feet and emigrate to Australia. 这一家人愤然离开，移居澳洲。 New wordsremindvt. 使想起，使记起；提醒Can you remind me to buy a bottle of Martini?. 你能提醒我买一瓶马提尼酒

5、吗？So she simply welcomed him and reminded him of the last time they had met. 于是她只是对他表示欢迎，并且提醒说他们上次见过面。Need I remind you who the enemy is? 还需要我来提醒你敌人是谁吗？New wordscontributevt.& vi. 贡献出；捐赠（款项）；投稿；出力 They say they would like to contribute more to charity, but money is tight this year. 他们说他们很想捐献更多的钱

6、支持慈善事业，但是今年的钱非常紧张。I believe that each of us can contribute to the future of the world.我相信我们每一个人都能够对世界的未来有所贡献。Stress, both human and mechanical, may also be a contributing factor. 来自人的和机械方面的压力可能也是一个因素。New wordssink in下陷；被吸收，被了解；Wood does not sink in water. 木头不会沉入水中。It took a long time for the bad new

7、s to sink in. 人们花了很长时间才弄明白这个坏消息。Its a signal to them thatll sink in. 这对他们是个信号，这个信号是会起作用的。New wordsbe prepared for使）为作准备；（使）对有思想准备 Is the meal prepared for our guests? 这是为我们的客人准备的饭菜吗? The radio alerted the citizens to prepare for the hurricane. 电台警告市民们作好预防暴风准备。 Strive for the best, prepare for the wo

8、rst. 作最坏的打算，争取最好的结果。New wordsbring in把拿进来；带进来；收获（庄稼等）；赚（钱） I have three part-time jobs, which bring in about 14,000 a year. 我有3份兼职工作，一年能挣大约14,000英镑。The firm decided to bring in a new management team. 该公司决定聘请新的管理团队。The jury took 23 hours to bring in its verdict.陪审团花了23个小时才作出裁决。(作出，宣布（裁决）)bring up 养育；

9、提出； I dont know how they manage to bring up four childrentheyre as poor as church mice. 我不知道他们如何设法养育4个孩子他们一贫如洗bring to life ：使 苏醒 。New wordslook forward to期望，盼望；瞩望 I look forward to hearing from you in the near future. 我盼望着不久收到你的信。有些人可能会说这事实上算不上什么负担，她应该想想自己有多幸运。They look forward to their rebirth as

10、a nation. 他们期待着全民族的新生。We look forward to seeing you again. 我们期待着及你再次相见。 Every year people look forward to the day with great eagerness. 每年人们都急切地盼望那一天。look into 在里查资料；深入地检查；调查；观察The government will look into how to reduce unemployment. 政府将研究如何降低失业率。He chooses to look into the matter till the truth is

11、 out. 他决定调查那件事直至真相大白。look out 向外看； 面向； 朝外；当心Look out for symptoms of depression. 留心看有无抑郁症状。look for寻找（某人或某物）；找（麻烦）；找（苦头）吃；希望得到 New words1. look after 照顾，照料 2. look ahead 向前看,着眼未来3. look as if 看上去好像4. look at 看着5. look around/about 四处看看，四下环顾6. look back 回头看;回顾7. look down upon(on) 看不起,轻视8. look forwa

12、rd to 盼望，期待9. look into 朝.看去;调查10. look like 看上去象11. look on 旁观，观望13. look out 当心，小心，留神14. look out 警惕15. look through 浏览，翻阅，温习,仔细查看；透过.看16. look up 查寻，查阅;抬头看语气语气英语的动词一般可带有三种不同的语气：陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。不同的语气用动词的不同形式英语的动词一般可带有三种不同的语气：陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。不同的语气用动词的不同形式（有的还借助句法形式）来表示。（有的还借助句法形式）来表示。虚拟语气虚拟语气虚拟语气是一种特

13、殊的动词形式，一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等(在条件从句中或让步状语从句中)；一是表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等 (在宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)。虚拟语气的概念虚拟语气的概念 一、虚拟语气在条件句中一、虚拟语气在条件句中If+主语主语+动词的过去式动词的过去式（动词（动词be用用were)主语主语+should,would,might,could动词动词原形原形If+主语主语+had +过去分词过去分词主语主语should, would, might, couldhave done1、If+主语主语+动词过去式动词过去式2、If+主语主语+wer

14、e to+ 动词原形动词原形3、If+主语主语+should +动词原形动词原形主语主语should, would might, could动词动词原形原形eg:If I had time, I would attend the meeting. If he had hurried ,he could have caught the train. If I were to go abroad ,I would go to America.如果我是你，我就会努力学习如果我是你，我就会努力学习如果我知道他的电话号码，我就给他打电话了如果我知道他的电话号码，我就给他打电话了如果明天下雨的话，我们会取

15、消比赛如果明天下雨的话，我们会取消比赛If I were you, I would work harder at my lessons.If I had known his telephone number, I would have called him.If it should were to rain, we would call off the match.More practice:使用虚拟条件句要注意的几点：使用虚拟条件句要注意的几点：当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为：错综时间条件句当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被

16、称为：错综时间条件句“，动词的，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整If you had followed my advice , you would be better now.If you had studied hard before, you would be a college student now.如果你听我的建议，你现在就会痊愈了如果你听我的建议，你现在就会痊愈了如果你努力学习的话，你现在就会是大学生了如果你努力学习的话，你现在就会是大学生了省略句省略句 在条件句中，可省略在条件句中，可省略 if，把，把were ,had, sho

17、uld 提到句首，变为倒装句式提到句首，变为倒装句式If I were at school again, I would study harder.Were I at school again, I would study harder.If you had come earlier, you would have met him.Had you come earlier, you would have met him.If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.Should it rain tomorrow, we would n

18、ot go climbing. 二、虚拟语气在名词从句中的运用二、虚拟语气在名词从句中的运用（1）用于宾语从句）用于宾语从句、wish 后面的宾语从句中。后面的宾语从句中。 一般用虚拟语气，表示一种不可能实现的愿望。其谓语动词形式为：一般用虚拟语气，表示一种不可能实现的愿望。其谓语动词形式为：表现在过去时表现在过去时表过去过去完成时表过去过去完成时表将来表将来would, might, could动词原形动词原形I wish (that) I were a bird.I wish (that) I had seen the film last night.I wish (that) I wou

19、ldcould go.2. 2.用于表示命令、建议、要求等一类词后面的宾语从句。用于表示命令、建议、要求等一类词后面的宾语从句。insist, order, command, suggest, advise, propose, require, request, demand, desire etc.We suggested that the meeting (should) be put off.They insisted that the boy (should) go with them.注意：注意：suggest 当表示当表示“暗示、表明暗示、表明“讲时，讲时，insist 表示表示”

20、坚持认为坚持认为“之意时，应用陈述语气。之意时，应用陈述语气。The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work.The man insisted that he had never stolen the money.他脸上的表情表明他对我们的工作很满意他脸上的表情表明他对我们的工作很满意那个人坚持说他没有偷钱那个人坚持说他没有偷钱 在在suggestion / proposal / order / plan / advice / idea / request 等名词后的表语和同位语从句中要用等名词后的表语和同

21、位语从句中要用“should动词原形动词原形”should可以省略可以省略（2）用于表语从句和同位语从句）用于表语从句和同位语从句My idea is that we (should ) think it over before accepting it. My suggestion that we (should) have a meeting has been accepted by others.We all agree to that suggestion that the meeting (should) be put off.A.在句型在句型 “It is important (n

22、ecessary, strange, natural) that . ” 中，中，that 后面的从句中的谓语动词用：后面的从句中的谓语动词用： should + 动词动词原形原形 我们有必要出去散散步。我们有必要出去散散步。 Its necessary that we should have a walk now. 2 她这样做是很自然的。她这样做是很自然的。 Its natural that she should do so. 3 重要的是我们要照顾好病人。重要的是我们要照顾好病人。 Its important that we should take good care of the pa

23、tient. （3）虚拟语气在）虚拟语气在 在主语从句中在主语从句中B. 在在It is demanded/suggested/ordered/required.that-clause句型中从句用句型中从句用(should )+动词原型动词原型It is demanded that we should work out a plan.C. 在在 It is a pity/a shame/ no wonder that.句型中从句型中从句也常用句也常用(should )+动词原型动词原型 Its a pity that you (should) miss a good chance. 1. It

24、 is (high / about ) time that从句中的谓语动词用过去式或从句中的谓语动词用过去式或should动词原形，动词原形，should不能省不能省略略三、虚拟语气在其他从句中三、虚拟语气在其他从句中It is high time that you went / should go to school.2. If only 引导的感叹句（要是该有多好啊引导的感叹句（要是该有多好啊)表示现在的情况表示现在的情况,应用过去式应用过去式; 如果是过去的情况如果是过去的情况,应用过去应用过去完成时态完成时态 If only I knew the answer!If only I ha

25、d seen the film yesterday!3. would rather + 从句动词用过去式或过去完成时从句动词用过去式或过去完成时I would rather you told me the truth.I would rather you had gone there last Sunday. 4. as if ( as though) 看起来常用虚拟形式，即表示及现在事实相反，用过去式；及过去事实相反用过去完看起来常用虚拟形式，即表示及现在事实相反，用过去式；及过去事实相反用过去完成式成式 (had done).He treats /treated the boy as if

26、 he were his own son.He speaks/ spoke as if he had known about it5. even if ( even though)即使即使Even if he were here, he could not solve the problem.Even if I had been busy then, I would have helped you.四四 情态动词情态动词+ have donecould have done 本来可以本来可以- - -might have done 本来可能本来可能 - - -should / ought to

27、have done 本来应该做本来应该做 - - -shouldnt / ought not to have done 本不该做本不该做 - - 你本不应该告诉她真相。你本不应该告诉她真相。You shouldnt have told her the truth .neednt have done 本不必做本不必做 - - - 比较：比较：didnt need to do 没必要做也没有做没必要做也没有做 - - - 我没必要擦窗户。我兄弟做了我没必要擦窗户。我兄弟做了I didnt need to clean the windows . My brother did it.would have done 本来会去做本来会去做-我没有足够的钱否则我会买那本书的我没有足够的钱否则我会买那本书的I didnt have enough money,