MPI-2011-03-09_540306190

1、计算科学与工程中的并行编程技术Parallel Programming Technology in Computational Science and Engineering 都志辉清华大学计算机系 Email ： Phone: 62782530http:/ main(int argc, char* agrv)nnint curid, recvid, sendid, procsNum, msgsize;nchar* sendmsg;nchar* recvmsg;nnMPI_Status status;nnMPI_Init(&argc, &argv);nMPI_Comm_rank(MPI_COM

2、M_WORLD, &curid);nsendmsg = SetMsg(&msgsize, curid);nrecvmsg = (char*)malloc(msgsize);nMPI_Comm_size(MPI_COMM_WORLD, &procsNum);nfor(int i = 0; i prcsNum; i +)nnif ( i = curid )nnsendid = (i + argc) % procsNum;nrecvid = (i - argc + procsNum) % procsNum;nMPI_Send(sendmsg, msgsize, MPI_CHAR, sendid, 1

3、00, MPI_COMM_WORLD);nMPI_Recv(recvmsg, msgsize, MPI_CHAR, recvid, 100, MPI_COMM_WORLD, &status);nif ( recvmsg0 != 0)nprintf(进程%d发送消息%s给进程%d, recvid, recvmsg, curid);nnnMPI_Finalize();nreturn 0;n作业实例n#include mpi.hn#include n#include nvoid main(argc,argv)nint argc;char* argv;nnint N,K,myid;nint sendi

4、d,dest;nchar* data=(char*)malloc(25*sizeof(char);nint i=8,n;nstrcpy(data,hello!);nn=strlen(data);nitoa(i,temp,1);ndatan=*temp;ndatan+1=0;nK=(int)argv1;nMPI_Status status;nMPI_Init(&argc,&argv);nMPI_Comm_size(MPI_COMM_WORLD,&N);nMPI_Comm_rank(MPI_COMM_WORLD,&myid);nndest=(myid+K)%N;nMPI_Send(data,1,M

5、PI_INT,dest,100,MPI_COMM_WORLD);nMPI_Recv(data,1,MPI_INT,MPI_ANY_SOURCE,100,MPI_COMM_WORLD,&status);nprintf(进程d发送消息s给进程d,(int)data18,data,myid);nMPI_Finalize();n作业实例n#include mpi.hn#include n#include nconst int K=1;nint main(int argc,char *argv)nint id,size;nMPI_Status status;nchar message50;nMPI_In

6、it(&argc,&argv);nMPI_Comm_rank(MPI_COMM_WORLD,&id);nMPI_Comm_size(MPI_COMM_WORLD,&size);nsprintf(message,HELLO！My rank is %d,id);nMPI_Send(message,strlen(message)+1,MPI_CHAR,(id+K)%size,0,MPI_COMM_WORLD);nMPI_Recv(message,50,MPI_CHAR,(id-K+size)%size,0,MPI_COMM_WORLD,&status);nfprintf(stderr,进程%d发送消

7、息%s给进程%dn,(id-K+size)%size,message,id);nMPI_Finalize();nMPICH简介/mpi/mpich1/n完成者nArgonne National LaboratorynMississippi State Universityn最广泛使用的一个MPI实现版本n目前发展与MPI-1同步发展支持MPI-2(MPICH2)基于Linux系统的MPICHnMPICH包的获取n/mpi/mpich1/download.htmln安装n解压： tar zxv

8、f mpich.tar.gznRedhat 完全安装n配置和编译：cd mpich；./configure；make; make installn设置路径： 将 mpich/bin 加入缺省查找路径基于Linux系统的MPICH（续） 目录结构mpich/bin 可执行脚本mpich/doc 文档mpich/examples 例子mpich/include 头文件mpich/lib 库mpich/man 参考手册mpich/www 参考手册 不同版本的目录结构是不同的 基于Linux系统的MPICH（续）MPI程序的编译MPI编译器与本地编译器的关系调用与包含关系mpiCC/mpicc/mpi

9、f77/mpif90C+/C/F77/F90-mpilog/-mpitrace 产生LOG或跟踪文件-mpianim 产生实时动画-show 显示编译时产生的命令，但并不执行-help 给出帮助信息-echo 显示出当前正在编译联接的命令信息mpiCC/mpicc/mpif77/mpif90 -o test test.cc/c/f/f90基于Linux系统的MPICH（续）n建立MPI程序运行所必需的信任机制n为什么要建立信任机制？n如何建立信任机制？n通过/etc/hosts.equiv文件建立信任机制n依次列出所信任的机器名或IP地址n例子1，例子2n通过.rhosts文件建立信任机制n依

10、次列出机器名及其相应的帐户n例子基于Linux系统的MPICH（续）n文件准备n需要哪些文件？n如何准备？n复制可执行程序和相关数据n将可执行程序和所需要的数据文件拷贝到指定机器的指定位置nrcp cpi tp1:/home/mpi/mpich/examples/basic/.nrcp 源 目 源/目 机器名：路径n问题n是否一定要拷贝文件？基于Linux系统的MPICH（续）nMPI程序的执行n使用缺省配置文件 mpirun -np N executive_file 缺省配置文件，使用缺省路径n使用指定配置文件 mpirun -p4pg confile executive_file 使用指定

11、机器指定账户指定路径下的指定文件nmpirun machinefile mf executive_file 指定配置文件，使用缺省路径n帮助命令 mpiman基于Linux系统的MPICH（续）n例子cd mpich/examples/basicmake cpimpirun -np 4 cpi使用mpich/util/machines/machine.LINUX作为配置文件或者mpirun -p4pg confile cpi基于Linux系统的MPICH（续）n配置文件confile为myhost 0 mpich/examples/basic/cpimyhost 1 mpich/example

12、s/basic/cpimyhost 1 mpich/examples/basic/cpimyhost 1 mpich/examples/basic/cpi用一台机器模拟四台机器运行基于WINDOWS系统的MPICHn下载/pub/mpi/nt/mpich.nt.1.X.X.X.all.zip/pub/mpi/nt/mpich.nt.1.X.X.zipn解压并安装（WIN2000）解压zip文件setupc:Program FilesMPICHn编译MPI程序头文件：mpi.h/mpif.h库 : ws2_32.li

13、b mpich.lib pmpich.lib romio.lib基于WINDOWS系统的MPICH（续）n配置与运行缺省配置MPIRun -np N executive_fileC:Program FilesMPICHmpdbin用MPIConfig进行配置，选取参加计算的机器 C:Program FilesMPICHmpdbin 指定配置MPIRun configfile配置文件的写法用MPIRegister进行注册（类似于Linux环境下的放权）基于NT系统的MPICH（续）n例子MPIRun -np 4 cpiMPIRun -localonly 4 cpi使用配置文件MPIRun con

14、file exe c:mpintcpi.exe hosts NT01 4基于Windows系统的MPICHn下载/mpi/mpich/download.html/pub/mpi/nt/mpich.nt.1.X.X.X.all.zip/pub/mpi/nt/mpich.nt.1.X.X.zipn解压并安装（WIN2000,XP）解压zip文件setupc:Program FilesMPICHn编译MPI程序头文件：mpi.h/mpif.h库 : ws2_32.lib mpich.lib

15、pmpich.lib romio.libcreating a new MPICH project with MS Developer Studio 61.Open MS Developer Studio - Visual C+ 2.Create a new project with whatever name you want in whatever directory you want. The easiest one is a Win32 console application with no files in it.creating a new MPICH project with MS

16、 Developer Studio 63.Finish the new project wizard. 4.Go to Project-Settings or hit Alt F7 to bring up the project settings dialog box. 5.Change the settings to use the multithreaded libraries. Change the settings for both Debug and Release targets.creating a new MPICH project with MS Developer Stud

17、io 66.Set the include path for all target configurations: This should be MPICHSDKincludecreating a new MPICH project with MS Developer Studio 67.Set the lib path for all target configurations: This should be MPICHSDKlibcreating a new MPICH project with MS Developer Studio 68.Add the ws2_32.lib libra

18、ry to all configurations (This is the Microsoft Winsock2 library. Its in your default library path).Add mpich.lib to the release target and mpichd.lib to the debug target.creating a new MPICH project with MS Developer Studio 69.Close the project settings dialog box. 10.Add your source files to the p

19、roject11.Build LAM-MPI/a high-performance, freely available, open source implementation of the MPI standard that is researched, developed, and maintained at the Open Systems Lab at Indiana University.LAM 7.1.1 Release nPlatform:nAIX nIRIX nLinux nMac OS X nOpenBSD nSolaris nMicr

20、osoft Windows (Cygwin) LAM的安装nshell$ gunzip -c lam-7.1.tar.gz | tar xf nshell$ cd lam-7.1# Set the desired C, C+, and Fortran compilers, unless using the GNU compilers is sufficient# (this example assumes a Bourne-like shell)nshell$ CC=ccnshell$ CXX=CCnshell$ FC=f77nshell$ export CC CXX FCnshell$ ./

21、configure -prefix=/directory/to/install/innshell$ makenshell$ make installn# The following step is optional. Ensure that $prefix/bin is in in your $path so that LAMs newly-created mpicc can be found before running this step.nshell$ make examplesLAM/MPIn启动LAM环境n执行LAM的结点配置文件列表 “boot schema”, “hostfile

22、”, or “machinefile.”shell$ cat lamhosts cpu=4 the number of CPUs specified here has no correlation to the physicial number of CPUs in the machinenThe recon tool verifies that the cluster is bootable: shell$ recon -v lamhostsnThe lamboot tool actually starts LAM on the specified cluster. % lamboot -v

23、 lamhosts 检查问题nWhich mpirunMpirun 命令nshell$ mpirun C hello在所有可得的CPU上运行hello（SMP）nshell$ mpirun N hello每个结点运行一个hellonshell$ mpirun -np 4 hello顺序选择的4个CPU上运行helloLAM MPIn用配置文件运行shell$ mpirun -v appfile c0 manager C worker starts a manager process on c0, and also starts a worker process on all CPUs that LAM was booted on c0 manager c1-8 worker 查看与终止n查看MPI应用shell$ m